ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: About one-third of the people with abdominal obesity do not exhibit the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Fatty acids in plasma triglycerides (TGs) may help to explain part of this heterogeneity. This study compared TG fatty acid profile of adults with and without abdominal obesity and examined the associations of these fatty acids with MetS components. METHODS: Fifty-four abdominally obese subjects were matched by age and sex with 54 adults without abdominal obesity. People were classified with MetS according to the harmonizing criteria for MetS. Fatty acids in plasma TGs were analyzed by gas chromatography. RESULTS: There were no differences in fatty acids of plasma TGs between people with and without abdominal obesity. However, there were differences between abdominally obese people with and without MetS. The abdominally obese group with MetS had higher palmitic (+2.9%; P = 0.012) and oleic (+4.0%; P = 0.001) acids and lower linoleic (-6.4%; P = 0.018) and arachidonic (-1.2%; P = 0.004) acids. After adjustment for abdominal obesity, age, and sex, a stepwise regression analysis showed that palmitic acid positively contributed to the variance in insulin (ß = +1.08 ± 1.01; P = 0.000) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index (ß = +1.09 ± 1.01; P = 0.000) and myristic acid positively contributed to the variance in systolic blood pressure (ß = +1.09 ± 1.03; P = 0.006). In contrast, linoleic acid negatively contributed to the variance in glucose (ß = -0.321 ± 0.09; P = 0.001) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; ß = -1.05 ± 1.01; P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in the plasma TG fatty acid profile between people with and without abdominal obesity. Likewise, fatty acids in plasma TGs associated with many of the MetS variables independently of abdominal obesity. These results suggest that the plasma TG fatty acid profile may help to explain part of the heterogeneity between abdominal obesity and the MetS.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids/chemistry , Metabolic Syndrome/blood , Obesity, Abdominal/blood , Triglycerides/blood , Adult , Anthropometry , Blood Glucose/analysis , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Insulin/blood , Insulin Resistance , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Middle Aged , Obesity, Abdominal/complications , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objetivo: comparar el efecto del all-trans ácido retinoico en la producción de citocinas por células mononucleares de sangre periférica (CMSP) entre niños con desnutrición aguda moderada (Dn-M), grave (Dn-G) y un grupo control de niños eutróficos (Eu). Metodología: estudio cuasi-experimental in vitro que evaluó el efecto de diferentes dosis de atRA (0, 17, 30 y 50 nM) sobre la concentración de citocinas (L-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF- e IL-12p70) en CMSP de 21 niños, distribuidos en 3 grupos: 7 con desnutrición moderada (Dn-M); 7 con desnutrición grave (Dn-G) y 7 eutróficos (Eu). Resultados: aunque 71% de los niños desnutridos (Dn-G y Dn-M) manifestaron signos de infección, presentaron una población de leucocitos y linfocitos más baja que los Eu. En los niños Dn-G se reportaron unos valores de proteína C reactiva (CRP) significativamente mayores que en los otros dos grupos y simultáneamente menor edad, menor estatura (T/E) y menor hemoglobina. Los valores de IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα e IL-10 en CMSP fueron mayores en Dn-M que en Dn-G y Eu. En la comparación entre grupos se encontró que con 50 nM de atRA el valor medio de la IL-8 fue significativamente menor y el de IL-10 mayor en Dn-G comparados con los otros grupos; de acuerdo al análisis MANOVA estas diferencias se atribuyeron al hecho de pertenecer al grupo (Dn-G) y no a la dosis de atRA (50 nM). El análisis del efecto de las diferentes dosis de atRA al interior de cada grupo mostró una disminución significativa con 50nM de atRA de IL-8 en Dn-G y de IL-10 en Eu. En Dn-M aumentó la IL-12p70 con dosis de 17 nM. Conclusión: el atRA influye en la producción de citocinas, pero el principal determinante de la concentración es el tipo de desnutrición.
Objective: To compare the effect of all-trans retinoic acid in the production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) among children with moderate malnutrition (Dn-M), severe (Dn-G) and a control group of children eutrophic (Eu). Methodology: Quasi-experimental research in vitro, to assess the effect of different doses of atRA (0, 17, 30 and 50 nM) on the concentration of cytokines (L-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-12p70) in PBMC of 21 children, divided into three groups: seven with moderate malnutrition (Dn-M), 7 with severe malnutrition (Dn-G) and 7 healthy children (Eu). Results: Although 71% of malnourished children (Dn-G and Dn-M) showed signs of infection, had a population of leukocytes and lymphocytes lower than the Eu. Children Dn-G reported a concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), significantly higher than the other two groups and simultaneously younger, shorter (T/E) and lower hemoglobin. The concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα and IL-10 in PBMC was higher in Dn-M than in Dn-G and Eu. Comparison between groups was found that 50 nM of atRA concentration of IL-8 was significantly lower and the higher IL-10 in Dn-G compared with the other two groups. MANOVA analyses indicate these differences were attributed to the fact to belonging the group (Dn-G) and not the dose of atRA (50 nM). Analysis of the effect of different doses of atRA in each group showed a significant decrease with 50nM of atRA of IL-8 in Dn-G and IL-10 in Eu. IL-12p70 increased with doses of 17 nM in Dn-M. Conclusion: atRA affects the production of cytokines but the main determinant of concentration is the type of malnutrition.
