Determination of optimum dosage of intraoperative single dose dexamethasone in pediatric tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective is to determine the optimum dosage of intraoperative single dose dexamethasone and its effect upon postoperative morbidity in pediatric tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy patients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Totally 150 pediatric patients whom underwent adenotonsillectomy or tonsillectomy surgery are offered to participate in this study at otorhinolaryngology clinic between 2002 and 2003. 150 patients are divided into three randomized groups, each composed of fifty patients. Anesthesia protocol is standardized in each group and 0.2 mg/kg intraoperative dexamethasone is given to first group, 0.7 mg/kg (maximum dose 25 mg) intraoperative dexamethasone is given to second group and third group is accepted as control group without giving any intravenous dexamethasone. Each group is compared for postoperative nausea, vomiting and tolerability to take oral foods within first 24h with the same questionnaire. RESULTS: There is significantly higher ratio of postoperative nausea and vomiting within first 24h in group III (80%) when compared with group I (8%) (p: 0.001; p<0.01) and group II (4%) (p: 0.001; p<0.01). Also there is significantly higher ratio of patient's tolerability to take oral semisolid/solid foods within postoperative first 24h in group II (94%) when compared with group I (58%) (p: 0.001; p<0.01) and group III (12%) (p: 0.001; p<0.01). We didn't encounter any side effect of dexamethasone in group I and II. CONCLUSIONS: We thought that 0.7 mg/kg dosage of IV dexamethasone is much a preferable choice depending of its effectiveness on decreasing postoperative morbidity rather than 0.2 mg/kg dosage and beside to this advantage we didn't encounter any side effects.

[An evaluation of parotid gland masses]. / Parotis kitlelerinin degerlendirilmesi.

OBJECTIVES: We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent surgery for parotid gland masses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 50 patients (25 females, 25 males; mean age 48.5 years; range 18 to 76 years) who underwent surgery for parotid gland masses were evaluated with regard to age, sex, preoperative diagnostic methods, histopathologic diagnoses, and surgical techniques. RESULTS: Preoperative diagnostic studies included ultrasonography, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Histopathological diagnoses were benign in 33 patients (66%), malignant in nine patients (18%), and tumor-like pathologies in eight patients (16%), the most common being pleomorphic adenoma (n=28, 56%), Warthin's tumor (n=4, 8%), and squamous cell carcinoma (n=4, 8%). Superficial and total parotidectomies were performed in 40 (80%) and 10 (20%) patients, respectively. Nine patients with malignant tumors also had neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy. Mortality occurred in one patient with metastasis to the parotid gland. One patient with lipoma developed recurrence two years after surgery. Follow-up was five years in 28 patients (56%), three years in 12 patients (24%), and two years in five patients (10%). Complete and transient facial paralysis developed in 10 patients and five patients following total and superficial parotidectomy, respectively. CONCLUSION: Superficial parotidectomy is the minimal surgery for parotid gland masses. If the deep lobe of the gland is involved, total parotidectomy should be performed with preservation of the facial nerve. In malignant tumors, neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy should be added.