[Smoking and periodontal disease--results of an epidemiological survey]. / Palenie a choroby przyzebia--wyniki badan epidemiologicznych.

A questionnaire concerning oral health designed for young people aged between 18 and 30 and based on one produced by Tokyo University entitled Medical Outcome Study (MOS) and Oral Health Score) 8020, was submitted to a group of Poznan citizens. One of the 10 questions in the OHS part of the questionnaire concerned smoking habits. A condition for participation in the survey was an absence of professional or educational connections with medicine, dentistry or pharmacy. 506 persons (398 women and 198 men) living in Poznan, with an average of age 20.1 years took part. For a clearer evaluation of the health habits in this group, an additional comparison was made between the youngest (18 y old) and oldest (25-30 y old) groups. The Oral health Score (with a possible maximum 20 points) for the examined group was 14.4 which is one of the lowest among evaluated European countries. Smoking was most frequent among the 18 year olds (20.7%) whereas among the respondents in the older group it was approximately only half of this value (11.29%). Moreover in, both age groups, women were more often smokers than men; 22% of 18 year old women smoked and 7.5% in the older group whereas in younger men 7.5% smoked and 3.8% in the older group. Comparing the answers relating to oral health with the frequency of smoking revealed a connection between this habit and the presence of periodontal disease.

Shear bond strengths of glass-ionomer cements to sound and to prepared carious dentine.

The aim of this study was determine whether bonding of glass-ionomer cements to non-carious dentine differed from that to carious dentine. Five commercial cements were used, namely Fuji IX GP, Fuji IX capsulated, Fuji IX Fast capsulated (all GC, Japan), Ketac-Molar and Ketac-Molar Aplicap (both 3M-ESPE, Germany). Following conditioning of the substrate with 10% poly (acrylic acid) for 10 s, sets of 10 samples of the cements were bonded to prepared teeth that had been removed for orthodontic reasons. The teeth used had either sound dentine or sclerotic dentine. Shear bond strengths were determined following 24 h storage. For the auto-mixed cements, shear bond strength to sound dentine was found not to differ statistically from shear bond strength to sclerotic dentine whereas for hand-mixed cements, shear bond to sound dentine was found to be higher than to carious dentine (to at least p < 0.05). This shows that the chemical effects arising from interactions of glass-ionomer cements with the mineral phase of the tooth are the most important in developing strong bonds, at least in the shorter term.