Circadian Variations in Cellular Composition of Lymphoid Organs in Rats with Experimental Endomyometritis.

Circadian variations in the cellular composition of the lymphoid organs were studied in female Wistar rats under normal conditions and in experimental endomyometritis. The fractions of CD8+ cells (effector killers), CD25+ cells (activated/immature lymphocytes), as well as large, medium, small lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages were assessed at 10.00 and 20.00 h. In the thymus and spleen of rats with endomyometritis, the number of parameters demonstrating significant circadian variations was lower than in intact animals. In the lymph nodes, morning/evening differences appeared for the number of CD8+ and CD25+ cells and monocytes/macrophages in the para-aortic lymph nodes, the number of large and small lymphocytes and CD8+ cells in inguinal lymph nodes, and in the number of large lymphocytes, CD8+ cells, and monocytes/macrophages in the ileal lymph nodes. Thus, the development of chronic inflammation in the uterine and vaginal mucosa was accompanied by desynchronosis in the immune system. Hence, circadian rhythms should be taken into consideration in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Comparative Assessment of Leukocyte Infiltrate Composition in the Uterine and Vaginal Tissues in Rats with Experimental Endomyometritis Treated with Interferon-γ at Different Times of the Day.

The cell composition of leukocyte infiltrates in the endometrium, myometrium, and vaginal walls was studied in Wistar rats with modeled chronic endomyometritis after administration of IFNγ (0.1 µg/100 g body weight) in different daily regimens (10.00 or 20.00). Morning injections of this cytokine ameliorated inflammatory infiltration of the uterine wall and vagina, but increased the content of neutrophils in the endometrium. Evening cytokine injections reduced neutrophilic infiltration, enhanced mononuclear infiltration, and had no effect on plasmacytic infiltration of the uterine and vaginal walls. In the vaginal wall, both IFNγ administration schedules decreased neutrophil content. The data indicate the necessity to take into account the circadian rhythms in IFN therapy.

Changes in the Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems of Internal Genitals in Female Rats after Intravenous and Lymphotropic Administration of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Products Secreted by These Cells.

We studied the effects of intravenous and lymphotropic administration of bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and products secreted by these cells into conditioned medium on the blood and lymph circulation in the uterus and ovaries, as well as on folliculogenesis in female Wistar rats. It was shown that stromal cells and conditioned media of these cells administered via both routes lead to an increase in the number and diameter of blood vessels in the uterine wall and in the cortical layer of the ovaries. Neither mesenchymal stromal cells, not conditioned media affected the ovarian follicular apparatus.

Blood Serum Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, TNFα, IL-8, IL-12p70, and IFNγ) in Patients with Uterine Myoma.

We analyzed cytokine profile in blood serum of patients with uterine myoma and revealed significantly reduced level of IFNγ and a tendency towards a decrease in the levels of IL-1ß and TNFα; the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12p70 did not differ from those in healthy women. The drop in the concentrations of factors responsible for inflammation and angiogenesis in tissues are unfavorable for proliferation and differentiation of the uterine tissues.

Effect of Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Blood and Lymphatic Vasculature in Uterine Wall of Wistar Rats during Experimental Chronic Metroendometritis.

The study examined the effect of bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their products secreted into the conditioned medium on uterine microcirculatory bed in Wistar rats during chronic inflammation. The parameters of blood and lymphatic microcirculation in the uterus changed in various directions in relation to the administration routes of biomedical cell product, which is important when the cell therapy is employed in the treatment of inflammatory-degenerative alterations in the lesser pelvis organs.

Effects of Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Secretion Products on the Cellular Composition of the Thymus and Spleen of Female Wistar Rats with Experimental Chronic Inflammation of the Internal Genitals.

The effects of bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their secretion products on the subpopulation composition of thymic and splenic lymphocytes were studied in female Wistar rats with experimental chronic inflammatory process in the internal genitals. Stromal cells and medium conditioned by these cells in different administration routes (intravenous or lymphotropic injection) produces different modulating effect on blood leukocyte count and on subpopulation composition of the splenic and thymic lymphocytes. The most manifest anti-inflammatory effect was observed after lymphotropic injection of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells creating a high concentration and long persistence of the factors produced by these cells in the focus of inflammation.

Effects of Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Secretory Products on Microcirculation in the Broad Ligament of the Uterus of Wistar Rats during Experimental Chronic Genital Inflammation.

Effects of bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their secretory products released into the conditioned medium on microcirculatory bed in the broad ligament of the uterus were studied in Wistar rats with chronic genital inflammation. Opposite changes in the parameters of microcirculation and lymphatic drainage in the broad ligament of the uterus were observed after administration of cells and conditioned medium via different routes, which should be taken into account during the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative processes in the pelvic organs.

Cell Composition of Central and Peripheral Lymphoid Organs of Wistar Rats Treated with a Biomedical Cell Product.

We studied the effect of a biomedical cell product (bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and products secreted by these cells in conditioned medium) on subpopulation composition of lymphoid cells of central and peripheral lymphoid organs of Wistar rats under normal conditions. Changes in the subpopulation composition of lymphoid organs depended on the route of administration of biomedical cell product.

Lymph Region in the Female Internal Reproductive Organs during the Early Postpartum Period after Normal Pregnancy.

The structural and functional changes in the lymph region of the female internal reproductive organs in rats were studied during the early postpartum period after normal pregnancy. The results indicated that the main role of the lymph region in pregnancy consisted in supporting sufficient lymph production and drainage in the hypertrophic uterus.

Parameters of Microcirculation in the Broad Ligament of the Uterus in Wistar Rats after Injection of Autologous Biomedical Cell Product.

We studied the effects of autologous biomedical cell product (bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their conditioned media) on the parameters of the microcirculatory bed in the broad ligament of the uterus of normal Wistar rats were studied. The parameters of microcirculation and lymph drainage in the broad ligament changed in opposite directions in response to injection of autologous biomedical cell product via different routes. This fact should be taken into consideration when prescribing cell therapy for inflammatory degenerative processes in the pelvic organs.

Chrono- and Immunocorrection of Inflammatory Disorders of Internal Reproductive Organs in Women of Reproductive Age.

We compared the effectiveness of immunomodulators used in the treatment of patients with chronic salpingitis and oophoritis with or without changes in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in blood lymphocytes at incubation with the drug. Diurnal variations in individual reaction of SDH in blood lymphocytes to thymalin or ridostin were revealed. In the groups of women receiving ridostin or thymalin during the reaction of lymphocyte SDH to it, improvement of clinical laboratory and immunological parameters was observed in the majority of the patients and no effect was found in a lesser group of patients than in the groups treated with drugs during the absence of lymphocyte SDH reaction thereto. The timing of the presence of SDH reaction to drugs in the immunocompetent cells makes it possible to set the optimal daily regime of their application and to select a drug that would be most effective in each particular case.

Lymphatic region of the uterus and adnexa during pregnancy after inflammation of internal genital organs.

We studied the course and outcome of pregnancy in the model of inflammation of internal genital organs in female rats. It was shown that inflammation of internal genital organs impairing the state of the lymphatic region of the uterus and adnexa and relationship between the drainage and detoxification function therein have severe negative effects on the reproductive function. After experimental inflammation, reproductive function was not impaired in 20 females (48.78%), intrauterine death of some fetuses and hypotrophy of newborn pups were found in 7 rats (17.07%), and infertility was detected in 14 rats (34.15%).

[Glass slide smears and imprints from infected organs for identification of Leishmania major by polymerase chain reaction methods]. / Vozmozhnost' ispol'zovaniia mazkov i otpechatkov na stekle ot porazhennykh organov dlia identifikatsii Leishmaniia major metodami PTSR analiza.

The paper presents data showing that the DNA isolated from the smears and imprints of L. major-infected hamsters is suitable for use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the causative agent of leishmaniasis. The most solid data have been obtained with the smears unexposed to staining and examination by using immersion oil and to benzene treatment. The DNA isolated from these smears infected may preserve for at least 1.5 months in a domestic refrigerator. The immersion oil-treated smears may be also used to identify leishmanias, but DNA should be isolated from the infected specimens of these smears just before PCR. The original primer pair L-unit/L-mail that has shown itself well in the experiments on cultured promastigotes may be, if required, used to differentiate L. major and L. turanica in the infected material collected from infected rodents.

[Ecological characteristics of subgenera Larroussius and Adelius (Diptera, Phlebotominae) sandflies--vectors for pathogens of visceral leishmaniasis]. / Nekotorye ékologicheskie osobennosti moskitov podrodov Larroussius and Adelius (Diptera, Phlebotominae)--perenoschikov vitseral'nogo leishmanioza.

The spiracle indices were determined in 1153 specimens from 5 species of the subgenus Larroussius (Diptera, Phlebotominae): Phlebotomus neglectus, P. perfiliewi, P. tobbi, P. kandelakii, and P. smirnovi) and 2 species of the subgenus Adlerius: P. brevis and P. longiductus. These species are all documented or potential vectors of Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. The spiracle index is related to the rate of its evaporization and it is an important ecological index that assesses its behaviour, the time and conditions of its activity, its shelter, which in turn makes it possible to differentiate methods for controlling and preventing visceral leishmaniasis. By the spiracle index, the species studied are clearly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included P. neglectus, P. perfiliewi, P. tobbi, and P. brevis having relatively small spracles which prefer more or less open areas and or the holes of small mammals and birds in the Crimea and Caucasis. Central Asian species, such P. smirnovi which inhabit in the vegetation-covered bottomlands along large rivers and the endophilic species P. longiductus, which have been related to Group 2, have the largest spiracles. P. kandelakii that are abundant in the garden-rich settlements piedmont of the Caucasus is intermediate.

Mixed leishmanial infections in Rhombomys opimus: a key to the persistence of Leishmania major from one transmission season to the next.

An important feature of the foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan is a 6-10-month break in transmission when Leishmania parasites persist in great gerbils (Rhombomys opimus)--the main host for three species (L. major, L. turanica and L. gerbilli). Almost all (95%) of the laboratory-maintained R. opimus experimentally infected with L. major cured their infections within 6 months, a situation which, if mirrored in field conditions, cannot provide reliable persistence of the infection to the next transmission season. However, infections with L. turanica alone persisted for a mean of 15 months, and mixed infections of L. major and L. turanica persisted even longer (mean = 25 months), parasites of both species remaining detectable in the skin for at least 18 months. Isoenzyme identification of 664 isolates obtained from wild-caught R. opimus, and of 58 cloned strains developed from them, showed that L. turanica, which is non-pathogenic for humans, tends to predominate in the gerbils from all types of natural ZCL foci, including those which are hyper-endemic; in June, L. turanica may be present in 80%-100% of the R. opimus in the foci. In contrast, infections with L. major alone occur far less commonly, and are especially hard to find at the beginning of the transmission season. However, 5%-25% of great gerbils in these foci are each infected with a mixture of L. major and L. turanica. In hyper- and meso-endemic foci, the proportion of L. major within mixed infections of Leishmania increases significantly towards the end of transmission season (August-September). It would appear, therefore, that mixed L. major/L. turanica infections in R. opimus promote the persistence of L. major between transmission seasons.

[The state of the lymphatic system in inflammation of the internal sexual organs]. / Sostoianie limfaticheskoi sistemy pri vospalenii vnutrennikh polovykh organov.

In conditions of experimental inflammation of internal sexual organs in female rats fast and adequate reorganization of its lymphatic bed was found. In the nidus of inflammation sufficient drainage of tissues was retained. Loose and widened sinuses of ileal lymph nodes provided sufficient intranodal lymphodynamics. Formation of additional barrier composed of lymphoid cells was detected in paravaginal fat. Reduction of the speed of lymph flow within lymphangions promoted adequate conveyance of toxic lymph to nodes and its further processing. Mobilization of all links of lymphatic barrier resulted in its maximum activation and self recovery by d 14.

[Chronobiology of immune system]. / Khronobiologiia immunoi sistemy.

The biological rhythmological programme of the immune system is a constituent of the body's common biological rhythmological programme. Its pattern seems to be genetically determined and reflects the functional status of the system. The chronobiological mechanisms responsible for the regulation of immune functions lie in the presence of certain phasic interrelations between the biological rhythms of the synthesis and production of regulatory agents on the one hand, and those of the receptor system and metabolic potential of immunocompetent cells on the other. The facts given in the paper may be a basis for a chronobiological approach to better understanding the mechanisms of the physiology and pathology of the immune system. The medical significance of study of the structural and temporal pattern of the immune system consists in the development of new techniques for diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and assessment of risk factors in immunopathological conditions.

[The use of radioisotope labelling for studying the feeding of sandflies (Phlebotominae) and their move into colonies of the greater gerbil (Rhombomys opimus Licht.)]. / Ispol'zovanie radioizotopnogo mecheniia dlia izucheniia prokormleniia moskitov (Phlebotominae) i ikh peremeshchenii v poseleniiakh bol'shoi peschanki (Rhombomys opimus Licht.).

The fly off and distribution of sandflies, vectors of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis after meal on great gerbils were studied by means of radioisotope techniques. The experiments were carried out near the town of Mubarek (Uzbekistan). Three Rhombomys opimus were marked by intraperitoneal injection of 14C-glycine solution. Then they were allowed to come back to their burrows. The sandflies were radioactively labelled during bloodsucking on the rodents. Fifty-seven labeled female sandflies were caught on the surface of burrows with the marked R. opimus and on 5 colony burrows at a distance of 70-280 m from it for 6 nights. Seventeen females were Phlebotomus papatasi (0.9% of all the caught females of this species) and 40 females belonged to the Paraphlebotomus subgenus (7.0%). The fly off occurred both before and against the wind. The labeled females were found on all burrows where sticky papers were placed, but their density was 16 times lower at a distance of 280 m than in the burrow colony of their release.