[Phytoplankton in reservoir R-11 of Techa reservoir cascade of Industrial Association "Maiak"].

Phytoplankton of reservoir R-11 was investigated at vegetative seasons of 2007 and 2008. R-11 is a locking reservoir in the cascade of Mayak PA reservoirs. The specific activity in water of R-11 ranged from 0.9 to 1.8 kBq/dm for 90Sr and from 0.98 to 3.97 kBq/dm3 for 137Cs; in bottom sediments it ranged from 20 to 400 kBq/kg for 90Sr and from 0.35 to 220 kBq/kg for 137Cs. Concentration of SO4- exceeded the maximum permissible concentration for fishing reservoirs in 5-7 times. The content of 90Sr in the phytoplankton has made 400 kBq/kg (for dry weight), and 137Cs--2.20 kBq/kg (for dry weight). The absorbed dose of irradiation for the phytoplankton calculated under the content of 137Cs and 90Sr in water and in phytoplankton (the external irradiation from activity of bottom sediments was not considered) has made 901 mGy per year. Altogether the phytoplankton of reservoir R-11 included 107 species. Such species of Cyanobacteriae as Oscillatoria agardhii Gom. was the dominant in phytoplanktonic community. Another Cyanobacteriae, Lyngbya limnetica Lemm. and Aphanizomenonflos-aquae (L.) Ralfs. acted the most important part in a complex of species-subdominants. According to quantitative development of the phytoplankton the reservoir R-11 can be classified as P-mezosaprobe waters.

[Ecotoxicological value of sediments state from reservoir R-11 of Techa River reservoir cascade].

Researches of sediments state from reservoir R-11 of tandem Techa river reservoir cascade were made. Shershni (Shershni's reservoir, Chelyabinsk region) was used as reference reservoir. Radiochemical analysis of sediments and water from those reservoirs were made (radioactivity in sediments of R-11 ranged from 240 to 360 kBq/kg of dry weight for 90Sr and from 10 to 161 kBq/kg of dry weight for 137Cs). Hydrobiological researches were included (1) detection of quantitative progress and species composition of Oligochaeta fauna in reservoirs and (2) bioassay of sediments in laboratory conditions with using test-organisms Tubifex culture. Calculation of absorbed dose for Oligochaeta from reservoir R-11 was performed on basis of radiochemical analysis data. Our results indicated that quantitative progress of Oligochaeta in reservoir R-11 was less then progress in Shershni's reservoir. R-11 sediments bioassay did not show any toxic effect by tubificidae in laboratory experiments. Significant dependence for quantitative progress Oligochaeta in reservoir R-11, survival rate and breeding power from absorbed dose rate weren't found. However in subacute research breeding power for animals with higher radiation (absorbed) dose was reduced.

[Effect of toxins of cyanobacteria of the Microcystis genus from the Shershnevo Reservoir on DNA, cell cycle, and apoptosis of bone marrow cells in CBA mice].

The effect of toxins of a Cyanobacterium sample of the Shershnevo Reservoir on DNA, which was presented by cyanobacteria of the Microcystis genera, on the bone marrow of male CBA mice (whose age was 3 months and weight 24 g) was evaluated. With intraperitoneal administration, LD50 and LD16 of this sample for male CBA mice were 48.4 and 42.1 mg/kg, respectively. Administration of Microcystis cyanobacterial sample from the Shershnevo Reservoir in doses of 1/10 of LD16 and 1/2 of LD16, and LD16 was found to cause a dose-dependent reduction in the number of bone marrow nucleated cells, a dose-dependent increase in the rate of cell apoptotic death, a reduction in the duration of a cell cycle (within the first 12 hours), which gave way to an increase in the duration of the cycle 24 hours after administration, a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronuclei in the murine bone marrow eryphrocytes, and a dose-dependent decrease in the polychromatophil/normochromatophil ratio in the murine bone marrow.

[Evaluation of the toxic properties of cyanobacteriae of the Shershnevo water storage basin in the Chelyabinsk Region].

The toxic properties of cyanobacteriae of the Shershnevo water storage basin have been studied. Over almost the whole vegetative period of 2005, the cyanobacteriae of the Shershnevo water storage basin may be characterized as high toxic (when intraperitoneally injected to male CBA mice, LD50 was less than 100 mg/kg). There were no interspecific differences between the noninbred animals in cyanotoxin susceptibility. Gender differences were revealed in cyanotoxin susceptibility in CBA and noninbred albino mice: quantitative differences in LD50 (males/females) were 1.34 in CBA mice and 1.3 times in noninbred albino mice. The cyanobacteriae of the Shershnevo water storage basin were found to have an irritating effect on the skin and ocular mucosa. It is suggested that the toxins of Shershnevo water storage basin cyanobacteriae may have a damaging effect on human beings.

[Emergency laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria]. / Ekstrennaia laboratornaia diagnostika difterii.

The immune response to diphtheria toxin (clinically pronounced infection or carrier state with the presence of toxigenic bacteria) or toxoid (vaccination) the blood has been found to contain lymphocytes (1.00-5.71%), specifically binding diphtheria toxoid (DTX). The method for the determination of lymphocytes, specifically binding DTX, may serve both for early diagnosis and in the process of the disease, irrespective of the injection of therapeutic serum to the patient. The result of the test is obtained 2-3 days earlier than the positive result of the bacteriological analysis. The set of immune reagents for the rapid diagnosis of diphtheria by the method of rosette formation has been developed.