ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Cigarette-associated diseases have frequently been detected in the field of otolaryngology. Cigarettes can cause changes in voice performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of e-cigarettes on voice performance compared with conventional cigarettes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that included 81 healthy volunteers. To provide standardization, all patients were men. The patients were divided into three groups: e-cigarette users (group 1, nâ¯=â¯21), conventional cigarette users (group 2, nâ¯=â¯30), and nonsmokers who had never smoked (group 3, nâ¯=â¯30). The subjective and objective voice analyses were performed for all the three groups in the study. F0, jitter %, shimmer %, shimmer dB, harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) values, and Voice Handicap Index 10 were statistically compared between all groups. RESULTS: The mean Voice Handicap Index 10 values of the conventional cigarette users were higher than those of the e-cigarette users and control group. No significant difference regarding the F0, jitter, and shimmer percentage values between the groups was detected; however, a significant difference was detected regarding the shimmer dB and HNR values between the groups. The mean shimmer dB values of the conventional cigarette group were higher than those of the control group and electronic cigarette users, but the mean HNR values were lower than those of the control group and electronic cigarette users. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of e-cigarettes on voice were detected as mild compared with conventional cigarettes, according to the subjective and objective voice analysis results in our study.
Subject(s)
Cigarette Smoking/adverse effects , Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems , Phonation , Smokers , Speech Acoustics , Vaping/adverse effects , Voice Disorders/etiology , Voice Quality , Acoustics , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disability Evaluation , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Speech Production Measurement , Vaping/physiopathology , Voice Disorders/diagnosis , Voice Disorders/physiopathology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Subjective halitosis is a chronic disorder, and cannot be easily identified or measured by objective methods. The patients who are complaining with subjective halitosis usually refer to dentists, yet they reject to psychiatric consultations. One of the causes is olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) which is accepted as delusional or obsessive thoughts. ORS patients are usually refer to others behaviours; people who are closing their mouth, coughing and touching their nose, opening window, turning faces to another side to protect themselves. These are the signs as to emitting malodour which patients misinterpret. This paper illustrates a 51-old male who suffers from halitosis since 30 years which is diagnosed as ORS and treated with clomipramine
La halitosis subjetiva es un trastorno crónico y no es fácilmente identificable o cuantificable con métodos objetivos. Los pacientes que se quejan de halitosis subjetiva por lo general consultan al dentista, pero evitan la consulta psiquiátrica. Una de las causas es el síndrome de referencia olfativo (SRO), que se reconoce como pensamientos delirantes u obsesivos. Los pacientes con SRO generalmente hacen referencia a los comportamientos de los demás, personas que cierran la boca, tosen y se tocan la nariz, abren la ventana o giran la cara hacia otro lado para protegerse. Estos son los signos del hecho de desprender mal aliento que los pacientes malinterpretan. Este artículo expone el caso de un varón de 51 años que sufre halitosis desde hace 30 años, que se diagnostica como SRO y se trata con clomipramina
