Antibiotic-Drug Interactions in the Intensive Care Unit: A Literature Review.

Interactions between drugs are a common problem in Intensive Care Unit patients, as they mainly have a critical condition that often demands the administration of multiple drugs simultaneously. Antibiotics are among the most frequently used medications, as infectious diseases are often observed in ICU patients. In this review, the most important antibiotic-drug interactions, based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms, were gathered together and described. In particular, some of the most important interactions with main groups of antibacterial drugs were observed in patients simultaneously prescribed oral anticoagulants, NSAIDs, loop diuretics, and valproic acid. As a result, the activity of drugs can be increased or decreased, as dosage modification might be necessary. It should be noted that these crucial interactions can help predict and avoid negative consequences, leading to better patient recovery. Moreover, since there are other factors, such as fluid therapy or albumins, which may also modify the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy, it is important for anaesthesiologists to be aware of them.

The Use of Muscle Relaxants After Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy.

Introduction: Patients after chemotherapy and radiotherapy while being operated can suffer from different systemic problems, which may complicate the anesthetic management. Some interactions between muscle relaxants and chemotherapeutics can occur. Aim: This article aims to present the use of muscle relaxants in cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Material and Methods: Our work is based on the available literature and the authors' experience. Conclusion: Based on our observations and a thorough examination of the medical literature, it is advisable to exercise significant caution when employing muscle relaxants in individuals undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. All muscle relaxants can behave differently after chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and for this reason, practitioners should familiarize themselves with the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of their chosen muscle relaxant.

The Genetic Background of Abnormalities in Metabolic Pathways of Phosphoinositides and Their Linkage with the Myotubular Myopathies, Neurodegenerative Disorders, and Carcinogenesis.

Myo-inositol belongs to one of the sugar alcohol groups known as cyclitols. Phosphatidylinositols are one of the derivatives of Myo-inositol, and constitute important mediators in many intracellular processes such as cell growth, cell differentiation, receptor recycling, cytoskeletal organization, and membrane fusion. They also have even more functions that are essential for cell survival. Mutations in genes encoding phosphatidylinositols and their derivatives can lead to many disorders. This review aims to perform an in-depth analysis of these connections. Many authors emphasize the significant influence of phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylinositols' phosphates in the pathogenesis of myotubular myopathies, neurodegenerative disorders, carcinogenesis, and other less frequently observed diseases. In our review, we have focused on three of the most often mentioned groups of disorders. Inositols are the topic of many studies, and yet, there are no clear results of successful clinical trials. Analysis of the available literature gives promising results and shows that further research is still needed.

Cyclitols: From Basic Understanding to Their Association with Neurodegeneration.

One of the most common cyclitols found in eukaryotic cells-Myo-inositol (MI) and its derivatives play a key role in many cellular processes such as ion channel physiology, signal transduction, phosphate storage, cell wall formation, membrane biogenesis and osmoregulation. The aim of this paper is to characterize the possibility of neurodegenerative disorders treatment using MI and the research of other therapeutic methods linked to MI's derivatives. Based on the reviewed literature the researchers focus on the most common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Spinocerebellar ataxias, but there are also works describing other seldom encountered diseases. The use of MI, d-pinitol and other methods altering MI's metabolism, although research on this topic has been conducted for years, still needs much closer examination. The dietary supplementation of MI shows a promising effect on the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and can be of great help in alleviating the accompanying depressive symptoms.

Cutaneous Eruptions in the Course of COVID-19 Among Geriatric Patients in a Nursing Home in Poland.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and characteristics of COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations among geriatric patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Patients and Methods: Sixty-four nursing home residents in Dobre Miasto, Poland (mean age: 79 years) infected with SARS-CoV-2 were monitored for skin lesions during the epidemic outbreak in 2020. Only five of them presented COVID-19 dermatological manifestation: vesicular (4 cases) and erythematous (1 case) skin lesions, which appeared after the remaining symptoms of the disease had resolved. Results: The average time between COVID-19 onset and cutaneous manifestation was 22 days. Skin lesions persisted in five cases 112, 17, 21,19 and 27 days, respectively, and were often accompanied by pruritus and neuropathic pain. Conclusion: Skin manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection might be misdiagnosed or overlooked, particularly among elderly patients with chronic diseases. The recognition of skin lesions due to COVID-19 might improve patients' quality of life by reducing the intensity of symptoms such as pruritus or neuropathic pain.