Molecular Hydrogen Reduces the Degree of Endothelial Alteration under Conditions of Chronic Heart Failure.

We studied the effect of molecular hydrogen H2 on the content of circulating endothelial cells and the macrohistological structure of the heart in rats with simulated chronic heart failure. Inhalation with 2% H2 was carried out repeatedly (40 min per day for 5 consecutive days) or once (40 min). Molecular hydrogen inhalations in both regimens caused a decrease in the number of circulating endothelial cells; the most pronounced effect was observed after repeated inhalations on day 14 after chronic heart failure modeling. The decrease in the count of circulating endothelial cells under the action of H2 was accompanied by recovery of the myocardial structure and a decrease in its weight. Molecular hydrogen in chronic heart failure limited the damage to endothelial cells and improved the structure of rat myocardium, which allows us to consider H2 inhalations as the means reducing the progression of chronic heart failure.

Dynamics of Metabolic and Oxidative Parameters of Erythrocytes during Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure with Molecular Hydrogen.

We studied the effect of molecular hydrogen (H2) on the content of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG), ATP, malondialdehyde, and catalase activity in erythrocytes in chronic heart failure. Inhalation of 2% molecular hydrogen H2 was carried out for 40 min repeatedly (5 days) or once. Inhalation of H2 caused an increase in ATP concentration in both research groups, but was more pronounced after repeated inhalation. The content of 2,3-DPG increased after repeated exposure to H2. The increase in metabolic activity under the effect of H2 was accompanied by a decrease in malondialdehyde concentration and an increase in catalase activity. Thus, the application of H2 in chronic heart failure reduced oxidative stress and improved metabolism of erythrocytes, which contributes to improvement of microcirculation. This allows us to recommend H2 for protection against ischemic and reperfusion damage to the myocardium.

Application of Molecular Hydrogen in Heart Surgery under Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

The aim of this work was to study the effect of molecular hydrogen on oxidative processes in cardiac surgery patients with acquired valve heart disease applied during surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Materials and Methods: The study involved 20 patients (16 men and 4 women) with acquired heart valve disease who were operated on under CPB. Two groups of patients were formed. In group 1 (n=11), anesthesia included inhalations of molecular hydrogen, which was supplied to the breathing circuit of the ventilator at a concentration of 1.5-2.0% immediately after tracheal intubation and throughout the operation. In group 2 (n=9), inhalation of molecular hydrogen was not performed. Blood sampling was taken at 4 stages: immediately after anesthesia induction, before CPB and after its termination, and also one day after the operation. The intensity of the processes of lipid peroxidation was evaluated by the level of diene (DC) and triene (TC) conjugates, Schiff bases (SB). Results: In the patients of group 1, the arterial blood samples showed a decrease in the level of TC and SB, as compared to the first stage of the study, before the initiation of CPB and one day after the operation. An increase in the level of DC and TC was detected after the termination of CPB (p<0.05). In the venous blood samples, an increase in the level of DC was noted before the initiation of CPB, which was restored by the third stage of the study (p<0.05). At the same time, after the termination of CPB, a tendency towards a decrease in TC and SB was observed, which persisted one day after the operation.In the patients of group 2, an increase in the concentration of SB in the arterial blood samples was recorded during the study as compared to the first stage. The level of TC and SB in the venous blood samples increased one day after the operation. Conclusion: Intraoperative inhalation of molecular hydrogen leads to a decrease in the oxidative stress manifestation, it being most pronounced one day after the operation. This suggests that molecular hydrogen can be used in cardiac surgery as an effective and safe antioxidant.

Diagnostics possibilities of erythrocytes analysis by the method of laser interference microscopy.

The morphofunctional state of erythrocytes significantly changes by the onset and progression of various diseases, as well as in critical conditions, injuries, accompanied by severe tissue damage. This leads to a violation of microcirculation and has an effect on hemorheology in general. In connection with this, there is a need for the development of adequate methods for assessing the functional activity of erythrocytes. The aim of the work was to study the possibilities of laser interference microscopy in the analysis of the functional state of erythrocytes. The results allowed us to quantify the state of the phase height and phase diameter of erythrocytes. Analysis of the surface nanostructure gave a qualitative assessment of the functional activity of cells. The following patterns were revealed: the action of adrenaline causes the appearance of echinocytes with an increase in phase height and decrease phase diameter and the appearance of spicules on the surface of cells. The action of cortisol leads to a decrease in the phase height and the phase diameter with the appearance of numerous loosening of the structure of the cell surface. Moreover, the traditional method of analyzing the distribution of erythrocytes in a population by morphology (discocytes, stomatocytes, and degeneratively altered cell forms) did not reveal statistically significant differences. Thus, the results indicate that the interference microscopy method allows a qualitative assessment of the morphofunctional activity of native cells. This increases the information content of the analysis and leads to the objectification of data on the functional capabilities of erythrocytes.

[Saliva as highly informative substrate for non-invasive analysis of lipoperoxide processes and muscle damage in highly skilled athletes.]

The purpose of the investigation was to study the efficiency of measuring markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage in the oral fluid in highly skilled sportsmen under physical exercise for the assessment of their functional state. 70 highly qualified athletes at the age of 16-20 years specializing in the cyclic kinds of sports (track and field, swimming) took part in the investigation. Sportsmen performed the control test which consisted of the series of 3×100 m distances by a flat race with an active 45 s rest between them for the track and field athletes, and 4×50 m by the main swimming style with an active rest between the distances also for 45 s for the swimmers. Activity of creatine kinase, content of lipid peroxidation products in the blood and oral fluid were measured standard biochemical methods. The performance of the functional tests induces the excessive accumulation of toxic products of lipoperoxidation and increases activity of creatine kinase in the oral fluid of highly qualified athletes. Correlation analysis shows, that the intensity of free radical and peroxide processes in athletes can be evaluated by means of the method of measuring the content of lipid peroxidation products in the oral fluid.

[The dynamics of erythrocytes functional indicators in patients with Charcot-Marie-Toota disease during cytoprotective therapy]. / Dinamika funktsional'nykh pokazatelei éritrotsitov u patsientov s bolezn'iu Sharko-Mari-Tuta pri primenenii tsitoprotektivnoi terapii.

AIM: To study an impact of cytoflavin on the functional state of erythrocytes in patients with Charcot - Marie - Toota disease (CMTD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty patients with CMTD were examined. The main group (n=17) received cytoflavin along with basic therapy (intravenously dropwise 10 ml per 200 ml of 5% glucose solution for 10 days). The comparison group (n=13) received only basic therapy. Functional parameters of erythrocytes, including electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes (EFME), concentration of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), content of ATP and 2.3-DPG in erythrocytes, were evaluated. The level of physiological norm of the studied parameters was determined in 20 healthy people (the control group). To assess clinical symptoms, the MFI-20 scale and a 20 meter walking distance were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was a decrease in EFME and concentrations of ATP, 2.3 DFG and an increase in MDA concentration in the main group compared to the control group. After treatment with cytoflavin, there was an increase in the content of ATP, 2.3 DFG and EFME and a decrease in the concentration of MDA. The similar but less pronounced changes were observed in the comparison group. At the same time, the content of 2,3 DPG and the concentration of MDA did not reach the level of the physiological norm. The changes in functional indicators of erythrocytes were associated with clinical indicators. A significant decrease in the severity of asthenia according to the MFI-20 scale, an increase in walking speed, a decrease in the average walking time by 20 seconds (by 5 seconds in the comparison group) were observed in the main group. The results make it possible to classify the use of cytoflavin in CMTD as a method of pathogenetic therapy.

[The evaluation of genotoxic effects in buccal epithelium under disorders of adaption status of organism.]

The cyto-morphologic analysis of buccal epithelium is one of technique of evaluation of adaptation status of organism and xenogeneic intoxication. The analysis of reactivity of cells of buccal epithelium is used to obtain information concerning genetic alterations in human cells that is extremely important for proper decision making related to issues of population health protection. The smoking results in manifestation of tension of adaptation mechanisms and significant increasing of risk of development cytogenetic disorders in cells of buccal epithelium of oral cavity. The study was carried out concerning morphology of buccal epithelial cells of smoking youths. The cytogram demonstrated a reliable decreasing of number of normal cells and increasing of percentage of cells with various cytogenetic alterations. The cells with micro-nuclei are observed twice more often that can be considered as an integral indicator of genetic disorders in inter phase. In smokers, among cells with signs of completion of nucleus destruction the cells with karyorrhexis are registered reliably more often. The results of micro-nucleus test are an unfavorable prognostic indication testifying high degree of genotoxicity of tobacco smoke and meaning a disorder of cytogenetic homeostasis and decreasing of adaptation reserve of organism.

Functional and Biochemical Parameters of Erythrocytes during Mexicor Treatment in Posttraumatic Period after Experimental Blood Loss and Combined Traumatic Brain Injury.

Mexicor treatment (8 mg/kg body weight per day) during the posttraumatic period after concomitant traumatic brain injury and acute blood loss in rats increased electrophoretic mobility and concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and reduced malondialdehyde content in erythrocytes. These changes improved hemodynamics and oxygen-transporting function of the blood. The most pronounced effects of Mexicor were observed at the early stages of posttraumatic period.

[The morphological changes in the myocardium associated with the craniocerebral injury]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia miokarda pri cherepno-mozgovoi travme.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the structural changes in the capillaries, arterioles, venules, and cardiomyocytes in the myocardium of the rats following the craniocerebral injury (CCI). Eighteen non-pedigree white female rats with the craniocerebral injury were used as the CCI model. All the animals were given an intraperitoneal injection of sodium thiopental (100 mg/kg b.w.) within 3, 7, and 12 days after the injury. The heart was removed after thoracotomy and the myocardial tissue was examined with the light and electron microscopes. It was shown that the rats with the craniocerebral injury developed well apparent changes in the myocardial tissue during the early post-traumatic period that affected not only the blood vessels themselves (capillaries, arterioles, venules) but also the intra- and extravascular structures. Changes in the microcirculatory system included damages to the mitochondria, myofibrils, cell nuclei, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and cardiomyocytes. It is concluded that the morphological changes in the myocardium of the animals associated with the craniocerebral injury can induce the development of functional disorders in the cardiovascular system during the early post-traumatic period.

[The evaluation of adaptive possibilities of organism under therapy of diabetes mellitus type I and II.]

The article presents results of the study of electrophoretic agility of erythrocytes, their pro-oxidant characteristics and intra-cellular concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) in patients with diabetes mellitus type I and II under implementation of therapy. The sampling included 46 patients with diabetes mellitus type I and II. The control group consisted of 22 healthy volunteers. 20 patients with diabetes mellitus type i received insulin protaphan and insulin actrapid, 26 patients with diabetes mellitus type II received preparations of sulfanylurea, biguanides, incretins. The analysis of blood was applied before and after course of treatment. The electrophoretic agility of erythrocytes was analyzed, including concentration of malonic dialdehyde in them, content of 2,3-DPG and ATP. In case of diabetes mellitus type I and II, the study established increasing of content of malonic dialdehyde, decreasing of electrophoretic agility of erythrocytes, concentration of ATP and 2,3-DPG in erythrocytes concerning physiological standard, mostly expressed in patients with diabetes mellitus type I. The therapy decreased concentration of malonic dialdehyde and increased electrophoretic agility of erythrocytes, content of ATP and 2,3-DPG as compared with indices before treatment. In patients with diabetes mellitus type II during treatment reduction of electrophoretic agility of erythrocytes and 2,3-DPG up to physiological standard was observed. The positive effect of the given clinical strategies during treatment of diabetes mellitus type I and II is conditioned by decreasing of stress reaction and activation of adaptation processes that is manifested at the level of micro-circulation by amelioration of oxygen-transport function of blood at the expense of increasing of electrophoretic agility of erythrocytes, level of 2,3-DPG and decreasing of destructive processes of membranes of erythrocytes.

PHARMACOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF MICROCIRCULATION IN RATS SUFFERED A TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY.

We investigated the action of mexicor on functional indices of erythrocytes and the structure of myocardial microcirculation in rats suffered from traumatic brain injury (TBI). At 3, 7 and 12 day after TBI we measured the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), the degree of erythrocyte aggregation and their electrophoretic mobility (EPME) in the blood of rats, and also analyzed sections of left ventricular myocardium. During the first day after the TBI we observed a decrease in EPME, an increase of erythrocyte aggregation and an increase of 2,3-DFG concentration in erythrocytes compared with intact animals. Intraperitoneal injection of mexicor led to an increase of EPME, 2,3-DPG level and reduce an aggregation of erythrocytes, which was the most pronounced during the 3­7 day of post-traumatic period. Improved functional parameters of erythrocytes were combined with the dynamics of regenerative processes in the heart. Intraperitoneal injection of mexicor restrained architectonic damage of microvasculature and cardiomyocytes ultrastructure of the myocardium of the left ventricle of the heart.

[STRESS-PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CYTOFLAVIN ON CHRONIC CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS.]

Analysis of stress-releasing blood reactions (electrophoretic mobility of red blood cells, WBC count, and leukocyte ratio) in rats with experimental cerebral ischernia under the action of cytoflavin held showed that cytoflavin in combination with basic therapy leads to further activation of compensatory-adaptive reactions of the body and stimulated peripheral stress-limiting mechanisms.

[USING MEXICOR TO CORRECT THE FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN RATS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY MODEL].

The effect of mexicor on the functional characteristics of erythrocytes under conditions of post-traumatic period has been studied on rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) model. TBI leads to an increase in the aggregation of erythrocytes by 143% (p = 0.003), increases the concentration of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) by 40% (p = 0.006), and decreases the electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes by 22% (p = 0.005) relative to the levels of these indices in intact animals. The administration of mexicor (8.0 mg/day, injected intraperitoneally twice per day for 12 days) upon TBI led to a maximum reduction in the MDA concentration by 61% (p = 0.03) and decreased the aggregation of erythrocytes by 36% (p = 0.01), increased the electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes by 20% (p = 0.003) on the 3rd day of posttraumatic period, and increased the concentrations of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate by 23% (p = 0.02) on the 7th day as compared to the positive control. The most pronounced changes under the action of mexicor were observed within 3 - 7 days after the onset of TBI. The obtained data show the efficacy of mexicor in the treatment of rats with TBI model, which is manifested by a 40% (p = 0.02) shorter period of recovery of the functional parameters of red blood cells in comparison to the positive control.

Effect of ubiquinone-10 and succinic acid on functional characteristics of erythrocytes in rats with epinephrine toxemia.

Prophylactic dietary intake of synthetic ubiquinone-10, succinic acid, or mixture of these substances prevented disturbances in aggregation and electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes and inhibited lipid peroxidation in cells of rats with experimental epinephrine-induced toxemia.

Typical changes in electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes under stress conditions.

Various stress procedures (swimming, hypobaric hypoxia, and exotoxin administration) induced similar changes in electrophoretic mobility of rat erythrocytes. The degree and directionality of phasic changes in electrophoretic mobility depended on the concentration of stress hormones.