ABSTRACT
Evaluation of lesions affecting the parotid gland is often challenging to both clinicians and radiologists. This article reviews parotid anatomy and function, as it relates to various lesions that may occur within the gland. Key morphlogic features of lesions are discussed with an emphasis on those that warrant biopsy and those that do not need biopsy. Various biopsy methods using ultrasound and computed tomography are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Parotid Gland , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Biopsy , Humans , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Obliterative paranasal sinusitis is a rare sequela and end stage of chronic rhinosinusitis, which is often overlooked on imaging. It is an exuberant form of neo-osteogenesis characterized by complete or partial obliteration of the sinus cavity by new bone formation. This article presents a series of cases of obliterative sinusitis involving the sphenoid and maxillary sinuses. It is important to comment on the presence of obliterative sinusitis in the radiology report and not confuse it for native bone, fibro-osseous lesion, or arrested pneumatization, as this may have clinical implications for patients being considered for surgery. Given its potential implications for severity of sinusitis as well as prognostic significance for outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery, awareness and timely identification of this entity is important to guide referring clinicians.
Subject(s)
Sinusitis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Chronic Disease , Endoscopy , Humans , Maxillary Sinus , Sinusitis/diagnostic imaging , Sinusitis/surgery , Sphenoid BoneABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Intracranial meningiomas rarely present with multiple lesions. To the best of our knowledge, current literature regarding meningiomatosis (MM) is mostly comprised of small case series and individual reports. Hence, survival outcome data are limited. The Objective of this study is to explore the influence of sex, age, and number of lesions on overall survival (OS) in patients with MM. METHODS: We obtained demographic and clinical data from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program (SEER) on adult patients diagnosed with meningiomas from 1975 to 2017. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to assess whether number of lesions, age, and sex had a significant influence on OS. RESULTS: 99,918 cases were included. Results showed that MM patients had a significantly decreased OS when compared to patients with a single lesion (median OS of 94 and 180 months, respectively; p < 0.001). Further analysis showed a progressive decrease on OS for every additional lesion; 2 (HR 1.659 [CI 95% 1.612-1.708], p < 0.001), 3 (HR 1.877 [CI 95% 1.773-1.988], p < 0.001), and ≥ 4 (HR 2.116 [CI 95% 1.886-2.373], p < 0.001). When assessing for sex differences, female patients had increased OS (HR 0.778 [CI 95% 0.743-0.815], p < 0.001) and decreased risk of developing MM (HR 0.809 [CI 95% 0.784-0.835], p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Increasing number of meningiomas has a significant negative impact on OS, with a progressive decrease on survival for every additional lesion. Furthermore, female patients had increased OS and decreased risk to develop MM.
Subject(s)
Meningeal Neoplasms/mortality , Meningioma/mortality , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Meningeal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology , Meningeal Neoplasms/surgery , Meningioma/epidemiology , Meningioma/pathology , Meningioma/surgery , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , SEER Program , Sex Factors , Survival Rate , United States/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
These 3 cases illustrate how to use clinical assessment tools and radiology criteria to determine the need for imaging when you suspect intracranial disorders.
