ABSTRACT
In viticulture, the use of synthetic chemical formulations introduces insecticide residues into harvested grapes and further into processed grape products, posing a safety concern to consumers. This study investigated the fate of ten insecticide residues and their metabolites from vine to wine. A rapid validated multi-residue approach using QuEChERS extraction and LC-MS/MS configuration was employed for targeted analysis in grape, pomace, and wine. The targeted insecticides showed satisfactory mean recoveries (76.03-111.95%) and precision (RSD = 0.75-7.90%) across the three matrices, with a matrix effect ranging from -16.88 to 35.18%, particularly higher in pomace. Preliminary grape washing effectively removed 15.52-61.31% of insecticide residues based on water solubility and systemic nature. Residue dissipation during fermentation ranged from 73.19% to 87.15% with a half-life spanning from 1 to 5.5 days. The mitigation rate was observed at 12.85-26.81% for wine and 17.76-51.55% for pomace, with the highest transfer rate for buprofezin (51.55%) to pomace and fipronil (25.72%) to wine. Calculated processing factors (PF) for final wine ranged from 0.16 to 0.44, correlating strongly with the octanol-water partition ratio of targeted insecticides. The reported PF, calculated hazard quotient (HQ) (0.003-5.800%), and chronic hazard index (cHI) (2.041-10.387%) indicate reduced residue concentrations in wine and no potential chronic risk to consumers, ensuring a lower dietary risk to wine consumers.
Subject(s)
Insecticides , Pesticide Residues , Vitis , Wine , Insecticides/analysis , Pesticide Residues/analysis , Vitis/chemistry , Risk Assessment/methods , Wine/analysis , Kinetics , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , Food Contamination/analysis , Chromatography, Liquid/methodsABSTRACT
The prokaryotic generic name Shuttleworthia Downes et al. 2002 is illegitimate because it is a later homonym of the plant genus Shuttleworthia Meisner 1840 and the mollusk genus Shuttleworthia Baker 1941 (Principle 2 and Rule 51b(5) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes). We therefore propose the replacement generic name Shuttleworthella, with type species Shuttleworthella satelles comb. nov. The prokaryotic generic name Tetrasphaera Maszenan et al. 2000 is illegitimate because it is a later homonym of Tetrasphaera Popofsky 1913 (Protozoa, Radiolaria) and of Tetrasphaera Górka 1965 (a fossil dinoflagellate) (Rule 51b(4) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes). We therefore propose the replacement generic name Nostocoides, with type species Nostocoides japonicum comb. nov.
Subject(s)
Actinomycetales , Fatty Acids , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Base Composition , Fatty Acids/chemistry , ClostridialesABSTRACT
The recently proposed genus Allomuricauda Deshmukh and Oren 2023 is illegitimate because it includes the type species of the genera Flagellimonas Bae et al. 2007 and Spongiibacterium Yoon and Oh 2012, contravening Rule 51b(1) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. As Flagellimonas Bae et al. 2007 is the earlier described genus, we here reclassify 36 species earlier described as belonging to the illegitimate genus Muricauda as species of Flagellimonas. We also present an emended description of the genus Flagellimonas.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Base Composition , Fatty Acids/chemistryABSTRACT
The prokaryotic generic names Thalassobius Arahal et al. 2005 and Yangia Dai et al. 2006 are illegitimate because they are later homonyms of the genus names Thalassobius Solier 1849 (Coleoptera) and Yangia Zheng 1997 (fossil Rodentia), respectively Principle two and Rule 51b(4) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes]. We therefore propose the replacement generic names Thalassovita and Alloyangia, with type species Thalassovita gelatinovora and Alloyangia pacifica, respectively.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids , Rhodobacteraceae , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Base Composition , Fatty Acids/chemistryABSTRACT
The prokaryotic generic names Muricauda Bruns et al. 2001 and Franklinella Bernard et al. 2022 are illegitimate because they are later homonyms of the genus names Muricauda Small 1903 (synonym of Arisaema; Tracheophyta - Liliopsida - Araceae) and Franklinella Stewart and Hendrix 1945 (a Devonian ostracod genus) and Franklinella Lenz 1973 (a Devonian brachiopod genus), respectively (Principle 2 and Rule 51b(4) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes). We therefore propose the replacement generic names Allomuricauda and Allofranklinella, with type species Allomuricauda ruestringensis and Allofrankinella schreckenbergeri, respectively.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Base Composition , Fatty Acids/chemistryABSTRACT
The prokaryotic generic names Eoetvoesia Felföldi et al. 2014, Paludicola Li et al. 2017, Rivicola Sheu et al. 2014 and Sala Song et al. 2023 are illegitimate because they are later homonyms of the genus names Eoetvoesia Schulzer et al. 1866 (Ascomycota), Paludicola Wagler 1830 (Amphibia) and Paludicola Hodgson 1837 (Aves), Rivicola Fitzinger 1833 (Mollusca) and Sala Walker 1867 (Hemiptera) and the subgenus name Sala Ross 1937 (Hymenoptera), respectively (Principle 2 and Rule 51b(4) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes). We therefore propose the replacement generic names Eoetvoesiella, Paludihabitans, Rivihabitans and Salella, with type species Eoetvoesiella caeni, Paludihabitans psychrotolerans, Rivihabitans pingtungensis and Sallella cibi, respectively.
Subject(s)
Alcaligenaceae , Lactobacillales , Neisseriaceae , Phylogeny , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Sequence Analysis, DNA , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Base Composition , Fatty Acids/chemistryABSTRACT
The prokaryotic generic names Gramella Nedashkovskaya et al. 2005, Melitea Urios et al. 2008 and Nicolia Oliphant et al. 2022 are illegitimate because they are later homonyms of the names Gramella Kozur 1971, a genus of fossil ostracods, Melitea Péron and Lesueur 1810 (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria), Melitea Lamouroux 1812 (Anthozoa, Cnidaria), Nicolia Unger 1842, an extinct plant genus, and Nicolia Gibson-Smith and Gibson-Smith 1979 (Bivalvia, Mollusca), respectively (Principle 2 and Rule 51b(4) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes). For Gramella, we therefore propose the replacement generic name Christiangramia with type species Christiangramia echinicola comb. nov. and we propose the reclassification of 18 other species of Gramella in the genus Christiangramia as new combinations. In addition, we propose the replacement generic names Neomelitea with type species Neomelitea salexigens comb. nov. and Nicoliella with type species Nicoliella spurrieriana comb. nov.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids , Gammaproteobacteria , Base Composition , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Fatty Acids/chemistry , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Bacterial Typing TechniquesABSTRACT
The prokaryotic generic names Holzapfelia Zheng et al. 2020 and Litoricola Kim et al. 2007 are illegitimate because they are later homonyms of the names Holzapfelia Cossmann 1901, an extinct genus of molluscs (Neogastropoda) and Litoricola Woodward 1873, an extinct genus of crustaceans (Arthropoda), respectively (Principle 2 and Rule 51b(4) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes). We therefore propose the replacement generic name Holzapfeliella with type species Holzapfeliella floricola comb. nov. and the replacement generic name Litorivicinus with replacement name Litorivicinus lipolyticus for the type species, the replacement name Litorivicinus marinus, and the family name Litorivicinaceae to replace the illegitimate name Litoricolaceae Kim et al. 2007.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids , Gammaproteobacteria , Animals , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Base Composition , Fatty Acids/chemistryABSTRACT
The prokaryotic generic name Membranicola Li et al. 2016 is illegitimate because it is a later homonym of the name Membranicola Foissner, Berger and Schaumburg 1999 (Tintinnidae) (Principle 2 and Rule 51b(4) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes). We therefore propose the replacement generic name Membranihabitans with type species Membranihabitans marinus comb. nov.
