High-flow nasal cannula oxygen for reverting severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case report / Oxigenoterapia de alto flujo con cánula nasal en el tratamiento de la exacerbación de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: informe de un caso

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Risk factors for worsened quality of life in patients on mechanical ventilation. A prospective multicenter study / Factores de riesgo relacionados al empeoramiento de la calidad de vida (QOL) en pacientes que recibieron ventilación mecánica. Estudio prospectivo multicêntrico

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for worsened quality of life (QoL) and activities of daily living (ADL) at 3 and 12 months after discharge from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in patients on mechanical ventilation (MV). DESIGN: A prospective, multicentric observational study was made. SETTING: Three ICUs in Argentina. PATIENTS: The study included a total of 84 out of 129 mainly clinical patients admitted between 2011-2012 and requiring over 24hours of MV. INTERVENTIONS: No interventions were carried out. Variables: Quality of life was assessed with the EQ-5D (version for Argentina), and ADL with the Barthel index. RESULTS: The EQ-5D and Barthel scores were assessed upon admission to the ICU (baseline) and after three months and one year of follow-up.comorbidities, delirium, ICU acquired weakness (ICUAW), and medication received were daily assessed during ICU stay. The baseline QoL of the global sample showed a median index of [0.831 (IQR25-75% 0.527-0.931)], versus [0.513 (IQR0.245-0.838)] after three months and [0.850 (IQR0.573-1.00)] after one year. Significant differences were observed compared with QoL in the Argentinean general population [mean 0.880 (CI 0.872-0.888), p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p0.002]. Individual analysis showed that 67% of the patients had worsened their QoL at three months, while 33% had recovered their QoL. In the multivariate analysis, the variables found to be independent predictors of worsened QoL were a hospital stay ≥21 days [OR 12.57 (2.75-57.47)], age ≥50 years [OR 5.61 (1.27-24.83)], previous poor QoL [OR 0.11 (0.02-0.54)] and persistent ICUAW [OR 8.32 (1.22-56.74)]. Similar results were found for the worsening of ADL. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life is altered after critical illness, and its recovery is gradual over time. Age, length of hospital stay, previous QoL and persistent ICUAW seem to be risk factors for worsened QoL

OBJETIVO: Identificar los factores de riesgo relacionados con el empeoramiento de la QOL y actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) a los 3 meses y al año del alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos (ICU) en pacientes que recibieron ventilación mecánica (VM). DISEÑO: Prospectivo, observacional. Ámbito: Tres UCI en Argentina. PACIENTES: Se incluyó a 84 de 129 pacientes, predominantemente clínicos, que habían sido ingresados en las UCI entre 2011 y 2012 con>24h de VM. INTERVENCIONES: Ninguna. VARIABLES: La QOL fue evaluada a través del EQ-5D (versión argentina) y las AVD con el índice de Barthel. RESULTADOS: El EQ-5D y el índice de Barthel se evaluaron al ingreso a ICU, a los 3 meses y al año de seguimiento. Las comorbilidades, el delirio, la debilidad adquirida en UCI y los fármacos recibidos fueron evaluados diariamente. La QOL basal de toda la muestra exhibió una mediana del índice (0,831 [IQR: 0,527-0,931]), a los 3 meses (0,513 [IQR: 0,245-0,838]) y al año (0,850 [IQR: 0,573-1]) y mostró una diferencia significativa con la QOL de la población general argentina (0,880 (0,872-0,888) p < 0,001; p < 0,001; p = 0,002]. El análisis individual evidenció que el 67% de los pacientes había empeorado su QOL a los 3 meses mientras que el 33% la había recuperado. En al análisis multivariado, las variables que probaron ser predictores independientes de empeoramiento de QOL fueron estadía hospitalaria≥21 días (OR: 12,57 [2,75-57,47]), edad≥50 años (OR: 5,61 [1,27-24,83]), baja QOL previa (OR: 0,11 [0,02-0,54]), y debilidad adquirida en UCI persistente (OR: 8,32 [1,22-56,74]). Resultados similares se observaron en el empeoramiento de AVD. CONCLUSIONES: La QOL está alterada tras la enfermedad crítica y su recuperación es gradual en el tiempo. La edad, estadía hospitalaria, QOL previa y debilidad adquirida en UCI persistente parecen ser factores de riesgo que tienden a empeorar la QOL

Risk factors for worsened quality of life in patients on mechanical ventilation. A prospective multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for worsened quality of life (QoL) and activities of daily living (ADL) at 3 and 12 months after discharge from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in patients on mechanical ventilation (MV). DESIGN: A prospective, multicentric observational study was made. SETTING: Three ICUs in Argentina. PATIENTS: The study included a total of 84 out of 129 mainly clinical patients admitted between 2011-2012 and requiring over 24hours of MV. INTERVENTIONS: No interventions were carried out. VARIABLES: Quality of life was assessed with the EQ-5D (version for Argentina), and ADL with the Barthel index. RESULTS: The EQ-5D and Barthel scores were assessed upon admission to the ICU (baseline) and after three months and one year of follow-up. Comorbidities, delirium, ICU acquired weakness (ICUAW), and medication received were daily assessed during ICU stay. The baseline QoL of the global sample showed a median index of [0.831 (IQR25-75% 0.527-0.931)], versus [0.513 (IQR0.245-0.838)] after three months and [0.850 (IQR0.573-1.00)] after one year. Significant differences were observed compared with QoL in the Argentinean general population [mean 0.880 (CI 0.872-0.888), p<0.001; p<0.001; p0.002]. Individual analysis showed that 67% of the patients had worsened their QoL at three months, while 33% had recovered their QoL. In the multivariate analysis, the variables found to be independent predictors of worsened QoL were a hospital stay ≥21 days [OR 12.57 (2.75-57.47)], age ≥50 years [OR 5.61 (1.27-24.83)], previous poor QoL [OR 0.11 (0.02-0.54)] and persistent ICUAW [OR 8.32 (1.22-56.74)]. Similar results were found for the worsening of ADL. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life is altered after critical illness, and its recovery is gradual over time. Age, length of hospital stay, previous QoL and persistent ICUAW seem to be risk factors for worsened QoL.

OS024. Characteristics and outcomes of critically ill obstetric patientswith hypertensive disease of pregnancy in argentina: Multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, hypertensive disease of pregnancy is one of the most frequent causes of admission of obstetric patients to the ICU. Maternal mortality risk related to Hypertension during pregnancy in Latin America is significantly higher than in developed countries. OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics and outcomes of pregnant-postpartum patients with hypertensive disease of pregnancy admitted to ICU METHODS: DESIGN: Multicenter case series study. POPULATION: pregnant-postpartum (<42days) patients with hypertensive disease of pregnancy admitted to ICU. SETTING: 3 ICUs in Argentina, 2 from the Public (P1) and 1 from the Private Health Sector (P2). STATISTICS: Continuous data are presented as mean±SD or median [IQR], and categorical data as number (%). Comparisons among continuous data were performed with unpaired t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were analyzed by Chi-square test or Fisher exact test as appropriate. A two-sided α<0.05 was considered as significant. SPSS version 15 was used. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty four patients were included, 161(87.5%) from P1. General characteristics are shown in the Table. Gestational age was 34±5 weeks. Risk factors for preeclampsia not included in Charlson score were chronic hypertension (22;12%), Obesity (6;3%) and preeclampsia in previous pregnancy (5;3%). ICU admission was postpartum in 80%(145). Causes of admission were eclampsia (63;34%), severe preeclampsia (61;33%), HELLP (33;18%), Eclampsia-HELLP (18;10%), Chronic Hypertension (5;3%) and Gestational Hypertension (4;2%). Predictive mortality according with APACHEII was 14%. Antenatal care was present in 115/142(81%) patients; 97/124(78%) in P1 vs 18/18 (100%) in P2; p0.024. Antenatal care was appropriate in 77/108(71.3%) of patients; 59/90(65.5%) in P1 vs 18/18(100%) in P2; p0.001. Maternal deaths (6) occurred in the Public sector and none of the patients had received antenatal care. Causes of mortality were hemorrhagic stroke (3) and multiple organ dysfunction (3) Table 1. CONCLUSION: Most patients were from the public health sector and the majority did not have any comorbidity according with the Charlson score. Nevertheless, 18% presented risk factors for preeclampsia, not included in the mentioned score. Two-thirds of patients were admitted with eclampsia and severe preeclampsia. APACHEII overpredicted mortality. Half of deaths were related with hemorrhagic stroke, complication almost eradicated from developed countries. None of the patients who died had received antenatal care.

Complicaciones maternas y mortalidad perinatal en el síndrome HELLP. Registro multicéntrico en unidades de cuidados intensivos del área Buenos Aires / Maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality in HELLP syndrome. Multicentric studies in intensive care units in Buenos Aires area

We analyzed the clinical characteristics, complications, severity, and maternal and fetal survival of patients suffering from HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes level, Low Platelet count) requiring admission to the intensive care unit in four hospitals from Buenos Aires area, Argentina. Data was revised in the charts from March 1997 to March 2003 and 62 patients were included in the study. During the second half of pregnancy or immediate puerperal period, diagnostic criteria were defined on the basis of preeclampsia and the following laboratory abnormalities: platelet count nadir <150,000/mm3, serum hepatic aminotransferases >70 UI/l, and serum lactic dehydrogenase >600 UI/l, total bilirubin >1.2 mg/dl and/or periferical blood smear with hemolysis. The mean maternal age was 28 +/- 8 years; parity 2.7 +/- 2.3; gestational age 33 +/- 4 weeks. According to platelet count, 23 cases were identified to class 1, 29 to class 2 and the rest to Martin's class 3. There were 16 eclamptic patients. The platelet count was 67,604 +/- 31,535/mm3; alanine aminotransferase 271 +/- 297 UI/l; aspartate aminotransferase 209 +/- 178 UI/l; serum lactic dehydrogenase 1444 +/- 1295 UI/l; serum creatininine levels 1.1 +/- 0.8 mg/dl. Forty-one patients had diverse degree of renal function damage, renal dialysis and plasmapheresis was required in one female. Respiratory failure due to pulmonary edema was observed in four patients. All obstetric patients survived. There were four perinatal deaths. In our population sample, low rate of life-threatening maternal complications and low perinatal mortality were observed.

Se analizaron en forma retrospectiva las características clínicas, complicaciones, gravedad, y sobrevivencia materna y fetal, en un grupo de gestantes con síndrome HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzyme levels, Low Platelet count) que requirieron admisión en cuatro unidades de cuidados intensivos del área metropolitana Buenos Aires, Argentina. Durante el período comprendido entre marzo de 1997 y marzo de 2003 se evaluaron 62 pacientes en la segunda mitad del embarazo o el puerperio inmediato que cumplían criterios diagnósticos de hipertensión inducida por el embarazo, asociado a plaquetopenia <150.000/mm3, transaminasashepáticas >70 UI/l, láctico deshidrogenasa >600 UI/l, bilirrubina total >1.2 mg/dl, y/o frotis de sangre periférica con signos de hemólisis. La edad promedio fue 28 ± 8 años; número de gestas promedio 2.7 ± 2.3; edadgestacional media 33 ± 4 semanas. Según el grado de plaquetopenia, 23 casos pertenecieron a la clase 1, 29a la clase 2 y el resto a la clase 3 de la clasificación de Martin. Hubo 16 formas eclámpticas. El recuento plaquetariopromedio fue 67.604 ± 31.535/mm3; TGO 271 ± 297 UI/l; TGP 209 ± 178 UI/l; LDH 1.444 ± 1.295 UI/l;creatininemia 1.1 ± 0.8 mg/dl. Cuarenta y una pacientes cursaron con diverso grado de deterioro del filtradoglomerular, con requerimiento de tratamiento hemodialítico y plasmaféresis en un caso. Se presentó insuficiencia respiratoria vinculada a síndrome de distrés respiratorio del adulto en cuatro enfermas. Todas las puérperas sobrevivieron y se comprobaron cuatro muertes perinatales. En la población estudiada, se observó baja prevalenciade complicaciones graves, óptima sobrevivencia materna y baja mortalidad perinatal.

Complicaciones maternas y mortalidad perinatal en el síndrome HELLP. Registro multicéntrico en unidades de cuidados intensivos del área Buenos Aires / Maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality in HELLP syndrome. Multicentric studies in intensive care units in Buenos Aires area

We analyzed the clinical characteristics, complications, severity, and maternal and fetal survival of patients suffering from HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes level, Low Platelet count) requiring admission to the intensive care unit in four hospitals from Buenos Aires area, Argentina. Data was revised in the charts from March 1997 to March 2003 and 62 patients were included in the study. During the second half of pregnancy or immediate puerperal period, diagnostic criteria were defined on the basis of preeclampsia and the following laboratory abnormalities: platelet count nadir <150,000/mm3, serum hepatic aminotransferases >70 UI/l, and serum lactic dehydrogenase >600 UI/l, total bilirubin >1.2 mg/dl and/or periferical blood smear with hemolysis. The mean maternal age was 28 +/- 8 years; parity 2.7 +/- 2.3; gestational age 33 +/- 4 weeks. According to platelet count, 23 cases were identified to class 1, 29 to class 2 and the rest to Martins class 3. There were 16 eclamptic patients. The platelet count was 67,604 +/- 31,535/mm3; alanine aminotransferase 271 +/- 297 UI/l; aspartate aminotransferase 209 +/- 178 UI/l; serum lactic dehydrogenase 1444 +/- 1295 UI/l; serum creatininine levels 1.1 +/- 0.8 mg/dl. Forty-one patients had diverse degree of renal function damage, renal dialysis and plasmapheresis was required in one female. Respiratory failure due to pulmonary edema was observed in four patients. All obstetric patients survived. There were four perinatal deaths. In our population sample, low rate of life-threatening maternal complications and low perinatal mortality were observed.(AU)

Se analizaron en forma retrospectiva las características clínicas, complicaciones, gravedad, y sobrevivencia materna y fetal, en un grupo de gestantes con síndrome HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzyme levels, Low Platelet count) que requirieron admisión en cuatro unidades de cuidados intensivos del área metropolitana Buenos Aires, Argentina. Durante el período comprendido entre marzo de 1997 y marzo de 2003 se evaluaron 62 pacientes en la segunda mitad del embarazo o el puerperio inmediato que cumplían criterios diagnósticos de hipertensión inducida por el embarazo, asociado a plaquetopenia <150.000/mm3, transaminasashepáticas >70 UI/l, láctico deshidrogenasa >600 UI/l, bilirrubina total >1.2 mg/dl, y/o frotis de sangre periférica con signos de hemólisis. La edad promedio fue 28 ± 8 años; número de gestas promedio 2.7 ± 2.3; edadgestacional media 33 ± 4 semanas. Según el grado de plaquetopenia, 23 casos pertenecieron a la clase 1, 29a la clase 2 y el resto a la clase 3 de la clasificación de Martin. Hubo 16 formas eclámpticas. El recuento plaquetariopromedio fue 67.604 ± 31.535/mm3; TGO 271 ± 297 UI/l; TGP 209 ± 178 UI/l; LDH 1.444 ± 1.295 UI/l;creatininemia 1.1 ± 0.8 mg/dl. Cuarenta y una pacientes cursaron con diverso grado de deterioro del filtradoglomerular, con requerimiento de tratamiento hemodialítico y plasmaféresis en un caso. Se presentó insuficiencia respiratoria vinculada a síndrome de distrés respiratorio del adulto en cuatro enfermas. Todas las puérperas sobrevivieron y se comprobaron cuatro muertes perinatales. En la población estudiada, se observó baja prevalenciade complicaciones graves, óptima sobrevivencia materna y baja mortalidad perinatal.(AU)

Valacyclovir prophylaxis for the prevention of Herpes simplex virus reactivation in recipients of progenitor cells transplantation.

HSV can cause oral lesions that exacerbate chemotherapy-related mucositis. Intravenous acyclovir is effective in preventing HSV reactivations, but expensive. Valacyclovir has good bioavailability and has not been studied for prophylaxis of HSV among PCT patients. We compared the efficacy and costs of valacyclovir in preventing HSV reactivation among HSV seropositive autologous progenitor cell transplantation (APCT) patients with historical controls in whom intravenous acyclovir or no HSV prophylaxis were used. Valacyclovir group: From October 1997 to April 1999 108 adult patients received valacyclovir 500 mg twice daily from day -3 of APCT until neutropenia recovery or day +30. Valacyclovir was switched to intravenous acyclovir in cases of oral intolerance (17 patients) or suspected HSV reactivation (five patients). Intravenous acyclovir group: From January 1996 to October 1997 43 patients received 5 mg/kg twice-daily intravenous acyclovir from day -3 until recovery from neutropenia. No prophylaxis group: 38 patients from January 1996 to October 1997 did not receive HSV prophylaxis. HSV reactivations were seen in 2.7%, 2% and 45% of patients in the valacyclovir, intravenous acyclovir, and no prophylaxis groups, respectively. Valacyclovir was well tolerated and was the least expensive strategy. Oral valacyclovir was as effective as intravenous acyclovir for the prophylaxis of HSV reactivation in APCT patients.

[Eight years of experience in a single institution in hematopoietic stem cell autologous transplantation in malignant hematological diseases and in solid tumors]. / Ocho años de experiencia en una sola institucion en trasplante autólogo de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas en enfermedades hematológicas malignas y en tumores solidos.

Between August 1991 and December 1998, 400 patients (lymphomas: 197; acute leukemia: 86; multiple myeloma: 70 and solid tumors: 47) were admitted for autologous transplantation. All patients were mobilized with chemotherapy plus G-CSF. The hematological recovery was similar in all disease groups. Patients with acute leukemias and multiple myeloma had a slower platelet recovery. Treatment-related death was 4.5%. The status of the disease at diagnosis was the most significant prognostic factor. With a median follow-up of 23 months the probability of event-free survival at 60 months was 46% for low grade lymphoma, 44% for intermediate and high grade lymphoma, 58% for Hodgkin's disease, 45% for acute myeloblastic leukemia, 38% for solid tumors and 15% for multiple myeloma. The probability of survival at 60 months was 67% for low grade lymphoma, 47% for intermediate and high grade lymphoma, 75% for Hodgkin's disease, 52% for acute myeloblastic leukemia, 54% for solid tumors and 25% for multiple myeloma. It can be concluded that autologous progenitor cell transplantation induces a complete and faster hematological recovery in all groups of patients without any late graft failure. Results are similar to those published in the literature. The treatment-related death was low and acceptable.

Ocho años de experiencia en una sola institucion en trasplante autólogo de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas en enfermedades hematológicas malignas y en tumores solidos. / [Eight years of experience in a single institution in hematopoietic stem cell autologous transplantation in malignant hematological diseases and in solid tumors]

Between August 1991 and December 1998, 400 patients (lymphomas: 197; acute leukemia: 86; multiple myeloma: 70 and solid tumors: 47) were admitted for autologous transplantation. All patients were mobilized with chemotherapy plus G-CSF. The hematological recovery was similar in all disease groups. Patients with acute leukemias and multiple myeloma had a slower platelet recovery. Treatment-related death was 4.5

. The status of the disease at diagnosis was the most significant prognostic factor. With a median follow-up of 23 months the probability of event-free survival at 60 months was 46

for low grade lymphoma, 44

for intermediate and high grade lymphoma, 58

for Hodgkins disease, 45

for acute myeloblastic leukemia, 38

for solid tumors and 15

for multiple myeloma. The probability of survival at 60 months was 67

for low grade lymphoma, 47

for intermediate and high grade lymphoma, 75

for Hodgkins disease, 52

for acute myeloblastic leukemia, 54

for solid tumors and 25

for multiple myeloma. It can be concluded that autologous progenitor cell transplantation induces a complete and faster hematological recovery in all groups of patients without any late graft failure. Results are similar to those published in the literature. The treatment-related death was low and acceptable.

Autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation mobilized with high-dose cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to increase disease-free survival (DFS) in AML in CR1 using a high-dose cytarabine consolidation plus G-CSF as in vivo purging and mobilization of CD34+ cells before ablative therapy and peripheral blood autograft. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-six consecutive AML patients (pts) (including 11 children < 15 years), with a median age of 32 years, were analyzed. After achievement of CR with cytarabine-mitoxantrone (7 + 3) in adults and a BFM-like protocol in children, pts were intensified with cytarabine 2 g/m2 x six doses plus mitoxantrone for adults, or, 3 g/m2 x six doses plus etoposide for children, followed by G-CSF 5 micrograms/kg SC daily. The ablative regimens used were busulfan and cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) in standard-risk pts plus etoposide (2400 mg/m2) for high-risk pts. RESULTS: For the 54 pts who underwent autologous transplant, the median time to reach > 1.0 x 10(9)/l neutrophils was 13 days (8-48), and to reach platelets > 25 x 10(9)/l 32 days (8-364), and the median numbers of red blood cell and platelet units transfused were 3 and 5, respectively. Six pts had treatment-related deaths (11%). The disease-free survival and overall survival at 30 months (mos) for the 56 eligible pts were 61% and 62%, respectively. Only two relapses were observed after 21 mos, while there were 12 relapses within 12 mos. CONCLUSIONS: The above treatment results in a similar DFS rate as does rescue with bone marrow cells, with faster neutrophil and platelet recovery.

[Intracranial pressure monitoring and eclampsia]. / Monitorización de la presión intracraneal y eclampsia.

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring has been shown to improve clinical-pharmacological treatment of intracranial hypertension (ICH) in a rising number of situations, assuring effective cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and, concomitantly, reducing the risk of brain ischemia. Although its use in entities such as eclampsia have been reported, the continuous use of ICP monitoring is restricted. We report the case of an eclampsic woman in whom ICP was monitored. Recordings allowed CPP to be correctly stabilized, with strict correlation between ICP and tomographic measurements of density. We also review the pathophysiologic mechanisms that have been proposed to cause ICH in eclampsia and emphasize the usefulness of ICP monitoring to manage this complication.