Emergency surgery for acute rectal bleeding in a newly diagnosed case of fulminant ulcerative colitis.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of ulcerative colitis is rising among Asian population. Massive bleeding per rectum is an uncommon, but serious, complication of UC accounting for 0.1-1.4 % of admissions. CASE PRESENTATION: A 22-year-old male, reported persistent abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and intermittent vomiting for one week. Physical examination revealed signs of dehydration and pallor. Laboratory tests showed elevated inflammatory markers. CT and colonoscopy confirmed ulcerative colitis, refractory to corticosteroids, leading to a subtotal colectomy followed by Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis. The patient was symptom free at a 24-month follow-up. DISCUSSION: Bleeding that occurs during the initial stages of the disease or in cases where the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis hasn't been confirmed makes it challenging for patients to accept the need for extensive surgery and the creation of a stoma. Conservative procedures are advised in such settings. CONCLUSION: Acute severe bleeding in ulcerative colitis is rare but demands a multidisciplinary approach for timely diagnosis and treatment. In resource and expertise limited situation, where patients are noncompliant to regular follow-ups surgical treatment can still be intervention of choice for these cases.

Coexistence of cecal duplication cyst and Meckel's diverticulum presenting as intestinal obstruction: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Enteric duplication cysts (EDC) are rare anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract, with only 0.4 % occurring in the cecum. Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is a common congenital anomaly affecting up to 2 % of the population. The simultaneous occurrence of these two conditions is rare with no existing guideline on treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: An 11-month-old boy presented with fever, vomiting, and abdominal distension. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan confirmed the diagnosis of an enteric duplication cyst causing intestinal obstruction. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, during which a cecal duplication cyst measuring 30 × 20 mm was found along with MD in the distal ileum. Right limited hemicolectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed features consistent with an enteric duplication cyst and the presence of gastric mucosal heterotopia. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Differentiating EDC from MD is a significant challenge, as both can present with similar symptoms and be positive on a Tc-99 m radionuclide scan. The final diagnosis of EDC and MD can only be made by correlating the imaging findings with the surgical findings and pathological features. CONCLUSION: Cecal duplication cysts should be considered a differential diagnosis in infants who present with intestinal obstruction. Although their presentation may resemble that of Meckel's diverticulum, both conditions can coexist. Excision of duplication cysts in children is considered a safe and efficient treatment approach.

Acute abdomen due to perforated jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors, with jejunal GISTs being particularly uncommon. Jejunal GISTs causing perforation and acute diffuse peritonitis is rare. CASE PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old female with a history of hypertension presented with severe, acute abdominal pain and vomiting. Examination revealed abdominal distension, tenderness, and guarding, with imaging suggestive of gastrointestinal perforation. Emergency laparotomy revealed a 9 cm × 8 cm mass with perforation in the jejunum, which was resected which on histopathological examination confirmed a low-grade GIST. The postoperative course was complicated by a wound infection, managed with antibiotics and secondary suturing. At one-year follow-up, the patient remained disease-free without the need for adjuvant therapy. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The most common symptoms of jejunal GISTs include vague abdominal pain or discomfort, early satiety, obstruction or hemorrhage. Preoperative diagnosis and confirmation of GIST is difficult due to nonspecific symptoms and none of the radiographic procedures can establish the diagnosis with certainty. The surgical excision of the tumor along with infiltrated tissues is the treatment of choice for GIST. CONCLUSION: This case underscores the necessity of considering GISTs in differential diagnoses of acute abdomen and the critical role of prompt surgical management and multidisciplinary care in achieving favorable outcomes.

A rare case of retained metallic foreign body in liver: case report and review of literature.

Introduction and importance: Foreign bodies in the liver are uncommon but can lead to severe conditions like liver abscess and sepsis. They typically enter through direct penetration, migration from the gastrointestinal tract, or through the blood. Common foreign objects include metal pins, or sewing needles swallowed accidentally. Case presentation: A 25-year-old male presented to our OPD with pain over the right abdomen with a prior history of projectile injury causing laceration over the right anterior abdomen with primary suturing. On radiological investigation, a retained foreign body was revealed. The metallic foreign body was embedded in the liver for 5 months. Removal of the foreign body was performed without any complications. Clinical discussion: Intrahepatic foreign bodies (FBs) in the liver can result from penetrating injuries, iatrogenic causes, or ingestion, particularly in children. Clinical presentations vary, and complications such as abscess formation may occur. Diagnosis involves imaging modalities like X-rays, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT) scans. The presented case highlights the importance of meticulous follow-up, as chronic pain manifested despite conservative management. The management of intrahepatic FBs depends on factors like size, location, and symptoms, with conservative approaches for stable patients. Surgical removal remains the mainstay of the treatment. Long-term monitoring is crucial to detect potential complications, and imaging studies play a key role in regular follow-up. Conclusion: Hepatic foreign bodies are rare, and symptoms vary based on size, type, and location, ranging from asymptomatic to complications such as abscess formation. Surgical removal is the main treatment, but in cases of noncomplicated hepatic foreign bodies, close follow-up is necessary.

Richter supraumbilical hernia managed with invagination: a case report.

Introduction and importance: Richter's hernia is an incarceration of the anti-mesenteric border of a segment of bowel through an abdominal wall defect. It primarily affects elderly individuals but can occur at any age, with a slightly increased incidence in females. The increase in laparoscopic and robotic-assisted procedures has led to a rise in Richter's hernias. Case presentation: A 40-year-old male with a history of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and kidney transplantation presented with a 4-day history of supraumbilical swelling and abdominal pain. The swelling was irreducible and accompanied by mild tenderness, and local signs of inflammation were exhibited. Intraoperatively, a 1.5 cm hernia defect was found, with the sac containing omentum and a portion of bowel segment for which invagination with serosal closure with the Mayo double-breasting technique was done. Clinical discussion: Richter's hernia presents with abdominal discomfort, bloating, nausea, and vomiting, with a notable feature being the delayed onset of symptoms due to its partial involvement of the bowel wall. Diagnosis can be achieved through a computed tomography (CT) scan or intraoperative exploration. Management of Richter hernia is contingent upon the patient's clinical condition, physical examination, and suspicion of strangulation. Conclusion: Diagnosis of Richter's hernia demands higher suspicion, particularly in patients with predisposing factors like a history of minimally invasive surgery. Prompt surgical intervention is crucial for reducing mortality and enhancing prognosis, with invagination alone being adequate if ischaemia is confined and mesh placement is unnecessary.

Chicken bone-induced ileal perforation peritonitis mimicking duodenal perforation peritonitis: a case report.

Introduction: Foreign body ingestion can lead to bowel perforation and peritonitis. We present a case of a 54-year-old male who ingested a chicken bone, resulting in ileal perforation that mimicked duodenal perforation peritonitis. Case Presentation: The patient has a history of peptic ulcer disease and regularly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs over the counter, adding more evidence to the provisional diagnosis of duodenal perforation. Exploratory laparotomy revealed the ileal perforation and the chicken bone was successfully removed. Wedge resection of the perforated segment and ileo-ileal anastomosis were performed. Discussion: Although history, examination, and investigation were more in favor of duodenal ulcer, our patient had ileal perforation due to chicken bone. Prompt identification and early surgical intervention are crucial to prevent complications and reduce mortality rates. The patient had an uneventful recovery. Conclusion: Timely referral to a tertiary care center is essential for early surgical intervention and successful management of bowel perforation caused by a foreign body.