Sella turcica bridging as a potential diagnostic tool for dental anomalies: A retrospective cross-sectional study at university dental hospital.

BACKGROUND: A lateral cephalogram is an essential diagnostic record for an orthodontist. It is used for diagnosis and treatment planning. This can be a prediction tool as well for developing anomalies of the skeletal, dental, and soft tissues of the head and neck. The sella turcica (ST), being a central landmark for cephalometric assessment, has great importance in itself as a diagnostic parameter to predict certain dental problems related to its bridging. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To assess and compare the shape, size, and bridging of ST in subjects of Taif with different skeletal classifications. 2. To find whether there is any association between dental anomalies and sella turcica bridging (STB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study obtained ethical approval from the research ethics committee of Taif University with application no. 44-354 and with no. HAO-02-T-1 dated June 4, 2023. The study involved 87 study samples, divided as follows: a. Group 1: 49 control records. b. Group 2: 38 case records with STB. RESULTS: The results of our study were promising in relation to STB and the occurrence of dental anomalies in both the case and the control with the frequencies of occurrence being 46.94% and 36.84%, respectively. It was found that the percentage of distribution was more among class I malocclusions and least in class III. It is imperative that impaction (13.8%) is the most associated anomaly, followed by ectopic eruption (11.5%). Supernumerary teeth and gemination were the least associated with STB, and only 1% of the cases showed an association. Statistically significant associations were found for all types of dental anomalies as a result of distribution among cases and controls. CONCLUSION: Orthodontists commonly employ lateral cephalograms as a regular practice to aid in diagnosis and treatment planning. Furthermore, these cephalograms can serve as predictive tools for dental anomalies. Detecting skeletal abnormalities at an early stage can provide insight into the likelihood of future dental anomalies, enabling clinicians to implement preventive measures accordingly.

Impact of digital orthodontics on maxillary protraction with implants in children with skeletal class III: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of digital orthodontics in utilizing implants for maxillary protraction as a treatment for skeletal class III malocclusion in children. Materials and Methods: The study was registered with PROSPERO with the number CRD42023407406 on 23/03/2023. We conducted an extensive comprehensive literature search in nine electronic databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, Cochrane databases, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and the Web of Sciences databases. The studies were evaluated for their methodology, the intervention technology used, the outcomes, and their quality. Publication bias assessment was conducted using the Jadad scale and the ROBINS-I assessment tool. Results: We included a total of 17 studies that comprised a total of 376 patients in this analysis. The number of patients and participants fluctuated between 1 and 71, with > 60 % being female. The patients were aged between 1.1 and 19.2 years. We included only nine studies in the meta-analysis, in which we observed a success rate between 71.4 % and 100 % with a 95 % CI of 17.4 ± 2.988 (±17.2 %) [14.412-20.388]. The failure rates, although minimal, ranged from 5.9 % to 28.6 %, with a 95 % CI of 2.3 ± 1.480 (±64.3 %) [0.820-3.780]. Conclusion: The evidence suggests that digital orthodontics is a promising approach for treating children with skeletal class III malocclusion using implants for maxillary protraction. However, further high-quality studies are required for validating our current observations and regulating the stability of treatment outcomes on a long-term basis.

Evaluation of visual pedagogy teaching method for improving oral hygiene practice in children with Autism: An interventional study.

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of visual pedagogy teaching method for improving oral hygiene practice in children with Autism: An interventional study: Visual pedagogy is a relatively newer approach to improve dental care in autistic children. The present study aimed to evaluate visual pedagogy in the practice of oral hygiene in autistic children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This interventional and prospective study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry. Required approval was obtained from Institutional Ethical Board. Written informed consent was obtained from parents/caregivers. The age range was 5-12 years which included 100 participants (40 males and 60 females). Improvement of oral hygiene was evaluated by recording the tooth brushing technique and ability to follow instructions as presented in the educational video shown on smartphones with Wi-Fi/mobile data. Inclusion criteria: (1) Accessibility and (2) Age range between 5 to 12 years. Exclusion criteria: (1) Non-cooperative children, (2) Children receiving medicines that influence oral health, and (3) Inability to follow-ups. Fones technique was used for brushing teeth in video recording demonstrating it in simple structured steps. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and Independent t tests. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement was observed in oral hygiene (plaque index) after training patients with visual pedagogy. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the use of visual pedagogy showed improvement in the oral hygiene scores of autistic children.

A Finite Element Analysis of Stress Allocation around Three Types of Abutment-Implant Interfaces.

Objectives: This study examined the effects of stress distribution at three abutment-implant interfaces on various implant systems. Materials and Methods: Group I: tri-channel internal connection (Nobel Biocare), Group II: 1.5-mm deep internal hex (BioHorizons Co. Birmingham, USA), and Group III: ADIN Touareg, to create computerized models of implants and mandibular modeling software, close fit WP, ANSYS Version 14.0 for finite element analysis (FEA), Hypermesh 12 for meshing and CATIA were used. A top-notch scanner was used to scan the implant. CATIA software created computerized models using all the aforementioned data. By applying bonded state on the abutment-implant borders and four various load conditions within the implant system, finite element method modeling was carried out. The computerized model was imported into the ANSYS program. To compare the groups, a statistical analysis was conducted. Result: Through the use of three-dimensional FEA, the samples were assessed. Stress was found to be utmost in Group I, followed by Group III and Group II, at 80 N, 80 N with a 15° tilt, 250 N, and 250 N with a 15° tilt, and the divergence was statistically inconsequential. Conclusion: The tri-channel internal connection displayed the highest stresses compared to the internal hex within the constraints of the current study.

A comparative evaluation of nickel-titanium wires and clear aligners in the management of mandibular incisor crowding.

OBJECTIVES: To compare nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires and clear aligners in the management of mandibular incisor crowding. METHODS: Seventy-two participants were arbitrarily alienated into two groups with 36 samples in each. Group I participants were treated with NiTi arch wires and group II participants with clear aligners. Malocclusion was evaluated using Little's irregularity index. A questionnaire was applied to record the discomfort levels. Patients were recalled regularly at four weeks, eight weeks, and twelve weeks. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean score was 2.91 mm and 2.72 mm; at 4 weeks, it was 1.64 mm and1.48 mm; at 8 weeks, it was 0.98 mm and1.0 mm; and at 12 weeks, it was 0.68 mm and 0.52 mm in groups I and II, respectively. The mean change in Little's irregularity index score at 4 weeks was 1.27 mm and 1.24 mm; at 8 weeks, it was 0.66 mm and 0.48 mm; and at 12 weeks, it was 0.30 mm and 0.48 mm in groups I and II, respectively. The disparity was not-considerable (p > 0.05). The mean discomfort score at baseline was 2.8 and 2.5; at 4 weeks, it was 2.4 and 2.0; at 8 weeks, it was 1.8 and 1.4; and at 12 weeks, it was 1.3 and 1.0 for groups I and II correspondingly. The disparity was non-significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: From the present study, it was found that both NiTi wires and clear aligners were equally effective in managing mandibular anterior crowding cases.

Prevalence of malocclusion among children of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Systematic review and meta-analysis are of a great tool in assessment of malocclusion, which is major public health concern. This study aims to explore the prevalence of malocclusion among the children of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through a meta-analysis and systematic review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Registered with PROSPERO as CRD42020198427, an authentic and global scale database search using relevant MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms was performed. Literature search and articles screening done following PRISMA guidelines.For the dichotomous variables, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were set for statistical data analysis. The heterogeneity index between the studies was determined using indices Tau2, Chi2, df and I2 and Test for overall effect as Z. RESULTS: A total of 7930 candidates were reported to have either one of the three malocclusions. Prevalence of Class I, Class II and Class III Malocclusions were found to be 66.51%, 17.70%, 15.79% respectively. Among the small subsample of these candidates, male children with Class I, Class II and Class III Malocclusion were 43.80%, 12.27% and 7.40% respectively whereas female children were 22.07%, 10.93 %, 3.52 % respectively. CONCLUSIONS: According to the 26 studies included in the systematic review, there were 72% of the candidates with malocclusion in Saudi Arabia. Prevalence of Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusion were 66.51%, 17.70%, and 15.79% respectively. In both male and female participants, the prevalence of Class I was the highest followed by class II and III malocclusion.

Evaluation of mandibular third molar position as a risk factor for pericoronitis: A CBCT study.

AIMS: The present study was conducted to evaluate mandibular third molar position as a risk factor for pericoronitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted on 145 subjects of both genders. The clinical symptoms and signs such as redness, pus discharge, pain, and tenderness over pericoronal flap were assessed. All candidates were subjected to CBCT scan evaluation for a third molar position such as vertical, mesioangular, distoangular, and horizontal type. RESULTS: Maximum number of cases of pericoronitis was observed in the age group 18-28 years (80) followed by 28-38 years seen in 47 cases, and 38-48 years seen in 28 cases. The most common type of impaction was mesioangular seen in 48 females and 42 males, followed by vertical in 22 females and 18 males, distoangular in 8 females and 10 males and horizontal in 2 females and 5 males. Maximum clinical features of swelling, trismus, dysphagia, and enlarged lymph nodes were seen in patients with mesioangular impaction followed by vertical impaction. CONCLUSION: Maximum number of pericoronitis cases was seen in the age group 18-28 years and most commonly mesioangular impactions were observed with pericoronitis.

Assessment of failure rate of dental implants in medically compromised patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The present study was conducted to assess failure rate of dental implant in medically compromised patients. METHODS: This study comprised of 68 medically compromised patients of both genders who underwent dental implants 5 years ago (Group I). Equal number of healthy subjects was taken as control (Group II). Amount of bone loss around the implant over 1mm of bone loss in the first year and over 0.3 mm bone loss every subsequent year were considered as failures. RESULTS: The age group of 30-40 comprised of 25 patients in group I and 35 in group II, 40-50 years had 27 in group I and 23 in group II and 50-60 years had 16 in group I and 10 in group II. Medically compromised patients were diabetes (25) with 30 dental implants followed by osteoporosis (16) with 17 dental implants, hypothyroidism (12) with 14 dental implants, organ transplant (10) with 12 dental implants and CVD (5) with 7 dental implants. Chi- square test was applied which revealed significant difference in patients (P < 0.05). In group I, there were 18 (22.5%) and in group II, there were 4 (5.56%) dental implant failures. The difference with chi- square test found to be significant P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Among medically compromised conditions, higher failure rate was found in diabetes.

Assessment of Correlation between Craniofacial Proportions and Genetic Indicators.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To assess correlation among craniofacial proportions and genetic indicators using estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 128 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with age range 12-18 years of both genders were included. Lateral cephalogram of all subjects were taken. Vertical and sagittal parameters were studied on these cephalogram. Saliva was used for DNA extraction. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for assessment of genetic indicators in ESR1 (rs9340799 and rs2234693) and in ESR2 (rs4986938 and rs1256049). RESULTS: The mean SN cranial base was 68.4 mm, ANB (sagittal jaw relationship) was 2.8°, Ptm-A maxillary length was 46.2 mm, Go-Pg (mandibular body length) was 68.2 mm, Co-Gn (total mandibular length) was 112.8 mm, lower anterior facial height (ANS-Me) was 58.4 mm, N-Me (total anterior facial height) was 108.4 mm, lower posterior facial height (Co-Go) was 58.7 mm, and S-Go (total posterior facial height) was 72.4 mm. It was found that rs4986938 in ESR2 was linked with S-N dimension, with patients having CC genotype possessing negative correlation values (p value 0.05). Similarly, CC genotype possessed minimum mandibular body dimension, and it was found that rs4986938 in ESR2 was also linked with Go-Pg dimension (p value = 0.02). We found reduction in the ANS-Me values in patients with CC genotype in ESR1 rs2234693 (p value = 0.02), whereas there was no correlation of rest genotype with other craniofacial measurements (p value > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Evaluation of ESR1 and ESR2 may show role of genetic markers in disparity of craniofacial dimensions in individuals. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides an outlay and supports the concept of possible correlation between genetic markers and craniofacial measurements.

Crestal Bone Loss around Dental Implants: Platform Switching vs Platform Matching-A Retrospective Study.

AIM: The objective of this study was to determine the vertical and horizontal marginal bone levels in platform-switched and platform-matched dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, 50 dental implants were placed in 50 patients over a 1-year period. Measurement was performed from the implant shoulder to the most apical and horizontal marginal defect by periapical radiographs to examine the changes of peri-implant alveolar bone before and 12 months after prosthodontic restoration delivery. RESULTS: These marginal bone measurements showed a bone gain of 0.53 ± 0.98 mm in the vertical gap and 0.52 ± 0.93 mm in the horizontal gap of the platform matching, while in the platform switching, a bone gain of 1.33 ± 1 mm in the vertical gap (p < 0.05) and 1.60 ± 0.56 mm in the horizontal gap was found. Statistically significant difference was found for bone regeneration in the vertical gap between the two groups (p < 0.05) using t-test with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical test version 17. CONCLUSION: The crestal bone around the implants can be preserved with platform-switching concept and it can be applied in clinical condition. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The crestal bone around the implants can be preserved with platform-switching concept.

In vitro Assessment of Influence of Various Bleaching Protocols on the Strength of Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets bonded to Bleached Tooth Surface: A Comparative Study.

INTRODUCTION: Esthetics is one of the common issues because of which patients consult dental orthodontic treatment. Two ways of tooth bleaching are available these days, which includes in-office bleach and home bleach. Various bleaching protocols are available these days for treating the tooth surfaces. Hence, we planned the present study for investigating the impact of various intracoronal bleaching protocols on shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded to tooth surface after bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included assessment of 100 extracted maxillary central incisors with the integrated buccal surface. A resin block was made and individual teeth were embedded in each block. Root canal therapy procedure was performed in all the teeth, after which 2 mm short of tooth apex up to the level of cementoenamel junction, removal of the root canal filling was done. All the samples were broadly divided into four study groups with 25 samples in each group. Bleaching procedure was carried in all the samples intracoronally followed by testing of shear bond strength using universal force testing machine. Following the modified adhesive remnant index (AI), assessment of remaining adhesive on the brackets was done. All the results were compiled and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0. RESULTS: In the control group, mean shear bond strength was found to be 17.9 MPa. While comparing the carbamide peroxide (CP) group with sodium perborate study group, we observed a statistically significant difference. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the shear bond strength in between sodium perborate group and hydrogen peroxide (HP) group. CONCLUSION: Intracoronal bleaching does affect the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets. Sodium perborate bleaching influences shear bond strength more strongly than other bleaching agents such as CP and HP. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, HP is a preferred agent where bleaching has to be followed by orthodontic bonding to the tooth surface.

The cell biology and role of resorptive cells in diseases: A review.

Resorptive cells are responsible for the resorption of mineralized matrix of hard tissues. Bone-resorbing cells are called osteoclasts; however, they can resorb mineralized dental tissues or calcified cartilage and then they are called odontoclasts and chondroclasts, respectively. Resorptive cells form when mononuclear precursors derived from a monocyte-macrophage cell lineage are attracted to certain mineralized surfaces and subsequently fuse and adhere onto them for exerting their resorbing activity. These cells are responsible for degradation of calcified extracellular matrix composed of organic molecules and hydroxyapatite. The activity of these cells can be observed in both physiological and pathological processes throughout life and their activity is mainly required in bone turnover and growth, spontaneous and induced (orthodontic) tooth movement, tooth eruption, and bone fracture healing, as well as in pathological conditions such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone metastasis. In addition, they are responsible for daily control of calcium homeostasis. Clastic cells also resorb the primary teeth for shedding before the permanent teeth erupt into the oral cavity.

In vitro comparative evaluation of different storage media (hank's balanced salt solution, propolis, Aloe vera, and pomegranate juice) for preservation of avulsed tooth.

OBJECTIVES: Prognosis of the avulsed teeth is mostly affected by extraoral dry period and storage medium used to store teeth before reimplantation. However, ability of storage media can affect cell viability and success of treatment. Various storage media were tried with some success. The present study was undertaken to comparatively evaluate the efficacy of hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), propolis, Aloe vera, and pomegranate juice (PJ) in preserving the vitality of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells of avulsed teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty orthodontically extracted sound teeth with healthy PDL were selected for the present study. Selected teeth were randomly divided into study groups (10 in each) and 5 each as positive and negative control groups. All the teeth were immersed immediately after extraction into respective storage media. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS software for Windows, Version 19.0., IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA. Analysis of variance and multiple range were done using Tukey's honestly significant difference with level of significance at 5% (P > 0.05). RESULTS: Propolis (285,000 viable cells with standard deviation 4.11028 and standard error of 1.38097) showed more viable PDL cells followed by HBSS, A. vera, and PJ. CONCLUSION: Propolis, A. vera, and PJ can be used as an alternative tooth storage media.

MSX 1 gene variant and non-syndromic clefting: association or rejection?

CONTEXT: Non-syndromic cleft lip/palate (NSCL/P) is a congenital anomaly with significant medical, psychological and social ramifications. There is sufficient evidence to hypothesize that locus for this condition can be identified by candidate genes. AIMS: The aim of this study is to amplify the chosen region (799 G >T) of MSX 1 gene, investigate the degree of association and perform a mutation research from Raichur cleft lip and palate patient sample. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Case history and clinical examination of the patient were recorded to rule. Written consent was obtained from patients and controls for in vivo study. STUDY WAS DESIGNED IN FOUR STEPS AS FOLLOWS: a. Collection of a blood sample; b. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction; c. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR); d. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 50 subjects having NSCL/P and 50 controls. Genomic DNA was extracted, PCR and RFLP was performed for digestion products that were evaluated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi-square test with P value at 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The results showed a positive correlation between MSX 1 799 G >T gene variant and NSCL/P patients in Raichur patients. CONCLUSIONS: From a genetically diverse etiology MSX 1 799 G >T gene variant may be a good screening marker for NSCL/P in Raichur patients.

MSX1 gene variant - its presence in tooth absence - a case control genetic study.

BACKGROUND: Non Syndromic tooth agenesis is a congenital anomaly with significant medical, psychological and social ramifications. There is sufficient evidence to hypothesize that locus for this condition can be identified by candidate genes. The aim of this study was to test whether MSX1 671 T>C gene variant was involved in etiology of Non Syndromic tooth agenesis in Raichur Patients. MATERIALS & METHODS: Blood samples were collected with informed consent from 50 subjects having Non Syndromic tooth agenesis and 50 controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples, Polymerase Chain Reaction was performed (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was performed for digestion products that were evaluated. RESULTS: The RESULTS showed positive correlation between MSX1671 T>C gene variant and Non Syndromic tooth agenesis in Raichur Patients. CONCLUSION: MSX1 671 T>C gene variant may be a good screening marker for Non Syndromic tooth agenesis in Raichur Patients . How to cite this article:Reddy NA, Adusumilli G, Devanna R, Pichai S, Rohra MG, Arjunan S. Msx1 Gene Variant - Its Presence in Tooth Absence - A Case Control Genetic Study. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(5):20-6.

Msx1 Gene Variant - its Association in Isolated Hypodontia: A Case Control Genetic study!!!

INTRODUCTION: Non-syndromic tooth agenesis is a congenital anomaly with significant medical, psychological, and social ramifications. There is sufficient evidence to hypothesize that locus for this condition can be identified by candidate genes. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to test whether MSX1 671 T > C gene variant was involved in etiology of non-syndromic tooth agenesis in Raichur patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected with informed consent from 50 subjects having non-syndromic tooth agenesis and 50 controls. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the blood samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was performed for digestion products that were evaluated. RESULTS: The results showed positive correlation between MSX1671 T > C gene variant and non-syndromic tooth agenesis in Raichur patients. CONCLUSION: MSX1 671 T > C gene variant may be a good screening marker for non-syndromic tooth agenesis in Raichur patients.

Surgical-orthodontic correction of a Class III dentofacial deformity.

This case report describes the surgical-orthodontic treatment of a 26-year-old post-pubertal male patient with a Class III dentofacial deformity. In the pre-surgical orthodontic phase of treatment, a reverse overjet of 5.5 mm was created and arch compatibility was obtained. A mandibualr set back with BSSO was performed during surgery to restore ideal overjet, overbite, occlusion and optimal esthetics. After 1 year of treatment, the results remained stable.

Interdisciplinary management of a patient with a drug-induced gingival hyperplasia.

Interdisciplinary treatment is becoming an ever-increasing part of modern-day orthodontic practice. This case report details the successful orthodontic-periodontal management of an epileptic patient with a significant drug-induced gingival hyperplasia. The problems that such patient's present are discussed before considering the specific orthodontic techniques employed. Recommendations are made for practitioners managing such cases.

Crystal growth vs. conventional acid etching: a comparative evaluation of etch patterns, penetration depths, and bond strengths.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect on enamel surface, penetration depth, and bond strength produced by 37% phosphoric acid and 20% sulfated polyacrylic acid as etching agents for direct bonding. Eighty teeth were used to study the efficacy of the etching agents on the enamel surface, penetration depth, and tensile bond strength. It was determined from the present study that a 30 sec application of 20% sulfated polyacrylic acid produced comparable etching topography with that of 37% phosphoric acid applied for 30 sec. The 37% phosphoric acid dissolves enamel to a greater extent than does the 20% sulfated polyacrylic acid. Instron Universal testing machine was used to evaluate the bond strengths of the two etching agents. Twenty percent sulfated polyacrylic acid provided adequate tensile bond strength. It was ascertained that crystal growth can be an alternative to conventional phosphoric acid etching as it dissolves lesser enamel and provides adequate tensile bond strength.