Treatment of Pharma Effluent using Anaerobic Packed Bed Reactor.

The treatment of pharmaceutical effluent using an appropriate technology has become so important. Anaerobic packed bed reactor is an efficient method for pharmaceutical effluent treatment because of the high organic content present in it. In this study, a heavy-polluted pharma effluent is treated using an anaerobic packed bed reactor. The performance of the anaerobic reactor was identified with respect to chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, methane yield, and gas production. The results showed that COD was reduced from 73% to 60% for an organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.6036-1.7487 kg COD m-3·d-1. As the OLR increases, the removal efficiency of COD decreases gradually to around 52% for an OLR of 2.34 kg COD m-3·d-1.

Health assessment of dams under various environmental conditions using structural health monitoring techniques: a state-of-art review.

Over a while, changes in the environment, such as climate, weather, pollution, will have a more significant impact on the structures in different ways. Hence, continuous monitoring of the structures plays a vital role in order to have a predefined prediction of the structural damages that can be caused by the change in the environment. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is critical in determining the life expectancy of civil structures. The advancement of various sensors and data acquisition systems (DAQ) has enabled more accurate prediction of the life span of civil structures subjected to static and dynamic loading conditions. Hence, SHM is a critical area of research to understand the condition and lifetime of structures such as dams. This article provides detailed insight into the base failures in dam structures such as soil erosion, toe erosion, and gully formation. Also, scouring's impact on the dam structures was discussed in this review article. This review article investigates in detail the detection and analysis of dam structure damage.