[The effects of chitin synthesis inhibitor, diflubenzuron on the larvae of Culex pipiens (L.) and Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart) (Diptera: Culicidae)]. / Kitin sentez inhibitörü diflubenzuron'un Culex pipiens (L.) ve Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart)'nin (Diptera: Culicidae) larvalari üzerine etkileri.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to detect effects of diflubenzuron on Culex pipiens and Culiseta longiareolata larvae, and determine the weekly mortality rate and most effective dose of diflubenzuron during the study. METHODS: The lower and higher doses (0.016, 0.032, and 0.064 mg(ai)/cm(2)) than 0.05 mg(ai)/cm(2) which are brecommended for granular formulation of diflubenzuron by WHO (World Health Organization) was applied against 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars under laboratory conditions and mortality was recorded. RESULTS: According to our data, diflubenzuron was more effective against early instars, and it was found most effective in the 4th and 3(th) week post-treatment in the application for Culex pipiens and Culiseta longiareolata larvae respectively. In addition, the most effective dose of diflubenzuron was obtained as 0.064 mg(ai)/cm(2) (LC50 > 4640 ppm, LC90 = 0.0034 ppm). Furthermore Culiseta longiareolata was more sensitive than Culex pipiens larvae. CONCLUSION: Knowing the specific mortality rate of diflubenzuron in different mosquitoe species and larvae stages, plays an important role in determining the resistance against diflubenzuron.

Comparative efficacy of spinosad with conventional acaricides against hard and soft tick populations from Antalya, Turkey.

The acaricidal efficacy of ceramic tiles treated at field application rates with either spinosad (Mozkill 120 SC, 0.01 g ai/m(2)), deltamethrin (Impotek Deltamethrin EW, 0.01 g ai/m(2)), permethrin+esbiothrin (Chrysamed, 0.1 g ai/m(2)), chlorpyrifos-methyl (Chlortoks EC 50, 0.2 g ai/m(2)) or a mixture of alpha-cypermethrin/tetramethrin/piperonyl butoxide (Ecorex Alfa SE, 0.01 g ai/m(2)), against larval Rhipicephalus turanicus and Argas persicus ticks was determined in laboratory bioassays. All ticks were initially exposed to treated tiles for 15 min then removed to non-treated containers and mortality evaluated for 15 min, 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h postexposure. Generally, A. persicus proved to be the most susceptible of the two species to all treatments. The alpha-cypermethrin/tetramethrin/piperonyl butoxide mixture was the quickest acting acaricide against larval A. persicus where 100% mortality was observed 15 min postexposure. For the rest of the treatments complete mortality was obtained at 1 h except for permethrin/esbiothrin which occurred at 6 h postexposure. Complete mortality of larval R. turanicus occurred to deltamethrin and spinosad at 1 h postexposure with all acaricides providing 100% control at 6 h except permethrin/esbiothrin which only achieved 92% control through the end of the study (i.e. 24 h). Our results showed that spinosad would be a useful addition in a tick control program as an alternative for pyrethroids and organic phosphorus acaricides against both tick species.