ABSTRACT
Introducción: Las infecciones fúngicas invasivas se asocian con elevada mortalidad, consumiendo además importantes recursos del sistema de salud. Objetivo: Se evaluó la costo-efectividad de voriconazol versus anfotericina B en el tratamiento de aspergilosis invasiva utilizando datos de un estudio randomizado comparativo (Herbrecht, NEJM 2002), en el cual se demostró la superioridad de voriconazol en términos de respuesta clínica, supervivencia y seguridad. Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó un modelo de decisión analítica en base a la información provista por el estudio clínico mencionado. Se analizaron los cambios en el tratamiento antifúngico debido a falta de respuesta o toxicidad renal o hepática con el tratamiento inicial, considerando sólo los costos directos médicos. Resultados: El costo promedio para la rama de voriconazol fue $44.040, frente a $45.428 de la rama de anfotericina B. Utilizando las asunciones del modelo (eficacia del 52,8% para voriconazol, 31,6% para anfotericina B) se asume que voriconazol fue dominante frente a anfotericina B como tratamiento primario, con un costo por paciente curado de $83.444,96 vs. $143.858,26. Se hicieron análisis de sensibilidad univariables para valorar el impacto de la modificación de distintas variables clave (costo de antifúngicos y del día de internación en terapia intensiva y en sala general). Aún considerando amplias variaciones de ellas, voriconazol continúa siendo costo-ahorrativo. Conclusiones: El análisis de costo-efectividad incremental indicó que voriconazol fue la terapia dominante debido la congruencia tanto de costos más bajos como de una mayor eficacia
Subject(s)
Amphotericin B , Antifungal Agents , Aspergillosis/therapy , Triazoles , Cost-Benefit AnalysisABSTRACT
To evaluate the risk factors involved in antituberculosis treatment-induced hepatotoxicity. In a retrospective study we analyzed the rate of drug-induced hepatotoxicity in a sample of 456 patients. Patients received a combination of drugs including isoniazid, rifampin, pirazinamide and streptomycinor or ethambutol. The association among hepatotoxicity and several risk factors (age, sex, alcoholism and HIV infection) was studied by univariate methods, stratified analysis and the multiple logistic regression model. Signs of liver injury were found in 9.86 percent of the treated patients. In the logistic model, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and significance were found as follows: a) for alcoholism, OR=17.31 (95 percent CI:6.35-47.16), p<0.001; b) for HIV infection, OR=3.23 (95 percent CI:1.47-7.11), p=0.003 and c) for female Sex, OR=2.44 (95 percent CI:1.22-4.86), p=0.011. Age was not significantly associated with hepatotoxicity. Alcoholism, HIV infection and female sex were associated with an increased risk of hepatotoxicity in this study.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Antitubercular Agents/toxicity , Liver Diseases/chemically induced , Liver/drug effects , Alcoholism , Ethambutol/toxicity , HIV Infections , Isoniazid/toxicity , Liver/metabolism , Logistic Models , Pyrazinamide/toxicity , Retrospective Studies , Rifampin/toxicity , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Streptomycin/toxicityABSTRACT
To evaluate the risk factors involved in antituberculosis treatment-induced hepatotoxicity. In a retrospective study we analyzed the rate of drug-induced hepatotoxicity in a sample of 456 patients. Patients received a combination of drugs including isoniazid, rifampin, pirazinamide and streptomycinor or ethambutol. The association among hepatotoxicity and several risk factors (age, sex, alcoholism and HIV infection) was studied by univariate methods, stratified analysis and the multiple logistic regression model. Signs of liver injury were found in 9.86 percent of the treated patients. In the logistic model, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and significance were found as follows: a) for alcoholism, OR=17.31 (95 percent CI:6.35-47.16), p<0.001; b) for HIV infection, OR=3.23 (95 percent CI:1.47-7.11), p=0.003 and c) for female Sex, OR=2.44 (95 percent CI:1.22-4.86), p=0.011. Age was not significantly associated with hepatotoxicity. Alcoholism, HIV infection and female sex were associated with an increased risk of hepatotoxicity in this study. (AU)
