Data on growth performance and nutritional composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry fed with Chlamydomonas sp.

A feeding trial spanning two months was conducted to evaluate the effects of Chlamydomonas sp. on growth performance, water quality, survival, proximate composition and biochemical profile of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) where fishmeal was partially replaced using Chlamydomonas sp. in the diet. Twenty uniform-sized common carp fries were distributed into triplicate groups and placed in 40-liter rectangular glass tanks. Chlamydomonas sp. was added at different levels in the diet: 0 % (control), 5 % (C5), 10 % (C10), 15 % (C15) along with the commercial feed (CMF). After the experiment, random sampling of fish was performed to conduct all the analyses. Significant variations (p < 0.05) were found in the chemical water quality parameters. The highest survival rate was recorded from C15 (81.67 %) followed by C10 (71.67 %), CMF (63.33 %) and C5 (58.33 %) respectively compared with the control (43.2 %). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) observed among all the treatments in terms of Average Daily Gains (ADG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and length increments. Protein content ranged the highest and the lowest in C15 (35.6 %) and control (24.8 %) respectively. The C15 group showed the highest lipid content (15.7 %) and the control group showed the lowest lipid (8.4 %). The inclusion of Chlamydomonas sp. in the diet had a significant positive impact on the fatty acid and amino acid profile of whole common carp. Present data revealed that substituting a portion of fishmeal with Chlamydomonas sp. powder could provide higher growth performance, offering both nutritional benefits and higher survival rate in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Comparative dataset on productivity, proximate, biochemical and pigment content of marine Gonyostomum sp. and freshwater Tetraedron sp. microalgae.

The dataset includes a comparative analysis of Gonyostomum sp. and Tetraedron sp. to characterize their productivity, proximate composition, biochemical composition and pigments. Growth data were collected through cell density and optical density and subsequently mass-cultured to utilize biomass for other analyses. The onset of the stationary phase (12 to 18 days) varied between the species. Volumetric productivity, areal productivity, and SGR were also significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) in Gonyostomum sp. whereas, Tetraedron sp. showed significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) cell duplication time and cell doublings per day (K). Gonyostomum sp. showed significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) protein (42.86±1.13%), carbohydrate (13.56±0.48%) and lipid (27.4 ± 0.69%) content than Tetraedron sp. Significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were obtained from both Gonyostomum sp. and Tetraedron sp. Non-essential amino acids were prevalent in both microalgae than essential amino acids. Significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) chlorophyll-a (5.51±0.00), chlorophyll-b (2.27±0.04) and phycobiliprotein (2.32±0.05) were found in Tetraedron sp. Conversely, Gonyostomum sp. exhibited higher (p ˂ 0.05) carotenoid content (2.48±0.05). These findings may contribute to the screening and utilization of these microalgae in the aquaculture, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals sectors.

Dataset representing growth performance, nutritional assay and biochemical profile of Oscillatoria spp.

Cyanobacteria are regarded as vital constituents of aquatic ecosystems which recently become viable option for bioremediation since it can remove contaminants from polluted water. They possess intriguing metabolic properties and exhibit differential growth patterns. This study elucidates the isolation and identification of two marine and two freshwater indigenous Oscillatoria spp., their growth performance, nutritional composition along with intricate biochemical profiles. Agar streak plate method was used for the isolation, growth curve was determined through chlorophyll content and optical density. Freshwater and marine Oscillatoria spp. were mass cultured in commercial Bold Basal Media and Conway media respectively. Wet biomass was harvested through centrifugation at the early stationary phase of their respective growth curve and oven-dried at 40 °C to determine the nutritional and biochemical profiles. Oscillatoria sp. 2 displayed significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) chlorophyll-a (22.72 ± 0.04 µg/mL) and OD value (1.87 ± 0.03) in the stationary phase (9th to 11th day) than the other species. Crude protein contents (%) varied from 21.56 ± 0.09 to 56.97 ± 0.03. Crude lipid (%) ranged from 9.07 ± 0.07 to 17.13 ± 0.13 and Crude fiber content (%) showed the range from 7.49 ± 0.15 to 17.04 ± 0.08. Fatty acid and amino acid were also found variable among the species. Present study will contribute to the meticulous selection and characterization of Oscillatoria sp. to utilize it in the rigorous scientific investigations and diverse commercial applications.

A comprehensive dataset on the extraction of pigments from Oscillatoria spp.

Cyanobacterial species such as Oscillatoria spp. pigments are essential components that enable the photosynthetic ability of this autotrophic organism. These pigments, principally chlorophylls and phycobiliproteins, are crucial for photosynthesis and give cyanobacteria their distinctive blue-green color. Exploring these pigments is crucial for unraveling the ecological and biotechnological relevance and significance. Spectrophotometric methods were used for measuring the chlorophyll-a, phycobiliprotein, and carotenoid contents of Oscillatoria species. Oscillatoria spp. displayed significantly variable (p ˂ 0.05) chlorophyll-a ranging from 12.67 ± 0.04 to 22.72 ± 0.04 µg/mL. Phycobiliprotein content (mg/g) significantly (p ˂ 0.05) varied from 87.39 ± 0.12 µg/mL to 121.42 ± 0.06. Carotenoid content also significantly ranged from 1.0 ± 0.01 µg/mL to 1.4 ± 0.01 µg/mL. Present data will contribute to the screening and characterization of Oscillatoria spp. in terms of pigment to utilize it in rigorous scientific research and diverse commercial applications.

Empirical Administration of Doxycycline for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: A Case Report.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a tick-borne illness that can cause extreme sickness, even death, in otherwise healthy individuals. Sometimes, it is difficult to confirm the diagnosis as the rash often lags behind other symptoms of the illness and may not occur at all. Other symptoms of RMSF are nonspecific, such as fever, headache, and malaise. Besides the confirmatory serology test, antibody titers remain negative in the early phase of the illness. Here, we reported a case of a 21-year-old male who presented with fever, mild headache, body aches, joint pain, dry cough, and characteristic maculopapular rash after visiting a tick-prone area. Doxycycline was started because symptoms and laboratory values heightened our suspicion for the diagnosis of RMSF. His condition improved gradually, and his labs became normal. Our study supports the empirical use of doxycycline in suspected RMSF cases.

A comprehensive dataset on antimicrobial activity of indigenous Oscillatoria spp. against common bacteria causing diseases in fish and shellfish.

The antibacterial activity of phenolic extracts was assessed using the disk diffusion technique on two marine and two freshwater species of Oscillatoria. Three Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp.) and nine Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Vibrio spp., Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas sp.) were isolated from diseased marine fish, shrimp and crab. Filamentous Oscillatoria sp. indicated higher antibiotic activity than planktonic one. Gram positive bacteria showed higher susceptibility to phenol compared to the gram-negative bacteria. Filamentous Oscillatoria sp. showed highest inhibition zone of 34.06 ± 0.08mm against Staphylococcus sp., while planktonic Oscillatoria sp. showed lower inhibition zone against Pseudomonas sp. about 17.11 ± 0.18mm. Minimum inhibitory concentration value was found to be 100 µg/ml for filamentous Oscillatoria sp., 150 µg/ml for planktonic Oscillatoria sp. These findings suggest that, Oscillatoria spp. contain potential antibacterial substances. It also paves the way for detailed analysis of Oscillatoria spp. bioactive compound for the creation of novel antibiotics and serve both the aquaculture and pharmaceutical industries.

A Multidisciplinary Approach and Current Perspective of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review.

In recent times, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been considered one of the major causes of liver disease across the world. NAFLD is defined as the deposition of triglycerides in the liver and is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance (IR), fatty liver, hepatocyte injury, unbalanced proinflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, liver inflammation, and fibrosis are the main pathogenesis in NAFLD. Recent studies suggest that the action of intestinal microbiota through chronic inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, and energy uptake plays a vital role in NAFLD. Moreover, polycystic ovarian syndrome also causes NAFLD development through IR. Age, gender, race, ethnicity, sleep, diet, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic and epigenetic pathways are some contributing factors of NAFLD that can exacerbate the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and eventually lead to death. NAFLD has various presentations, including fatigue, unexplained weight loss, bloating, upper abdominal pain, decreased appetite, headache, anxiety, poor sleep, increased thirst, palpitation, and a feeling of warmth. Some studies have shown that NAFLD with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has poor outcomes. The gold standard for NAFLD diagnosis is liver biopsy. Other diagnostic tools are imaging tests, serum biomarkers, microbiota markers, and tests for extrahepatic complications. There are no specific treatments for NAFLD. Therefore, the main concern for NAFLD is treating the comorbid conditions such as anti-diabetic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus, statins to reduce HCC progression, antioxidants to prevent hepatocellular damage, and bariatric surgery for patients with a BMI of >40 kg/m2 and >35 kg/m2 with comorbidities. Lifestyle and dietary changes are considered preventive strategies against NAFLD advancement. Inadequate treatment of NAFLD further leads to cardiac consequences, sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. In this systematic review, we have briefly discussed the risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, and numerous consequences of NAFLD. We have also reviewed various guidelines for NAFLD diagnosis along with existing therapeutic strategies for the management and prevention of the disease.

Role of Prophylactic Steroids in Differentiation Syndrome.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) is defined as a balanced chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17 t(15;17)(q24;q21), which results in the formation of promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor-alpha (PML-RARA) fusion protein. A widespread recommendation for APML treatment is combined all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)/arsenic trioxide (ATO) therapy. Differentiation syndrome (DS), or retinoic acid syndrome, is one of the well-known complications of APML treated with ATRA or ATO. The presenting symptoms of APML-induced DS are diverse, and rare symptoms are easily misdiagnosed. However, unexplained fever, dyspnea, weight gain > 5 kg, leukocytosis, acute renal failure, and a chest radiograph demonstrating pleural or pericardial effusion are the most common manifestations of DS. Early recognition and prompt initiation of corticosteroids are key factors in the management of DS. As soon as ATRA/ATO therapy is started, prophylactic treatment with steroids has been recommended to minimize the severity of DS. It is proposed that ATRA/ATO should be stopped or held once the signs and symptoms of DS develop. This case report describes a 45-year-old male who was diagnosed with APML after he developed episodes of hematuria and nose bleeding at home. The patient was also given an empiric steroid along with ATRA/ATO to lessen the intensity of DS. Our study suggests that early initiation of prophylactic steroid treatment can improve the prognosis and mortality of patients with APML-induced DS.