[HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF THE MYOCARDIUM DURING ALCOHOL INTOXICATION IN THE EXPERIMENT].

The purpose of this study was to identify early structural and conjugated with them molecular changes in the myocardium, stroma and blood vessels under experimental alcohol intoxication, with histological and immunohistological methods. The experiments were carried out on white male rats with initial body weight 180-200gg. Accordingly, specific tasks were carried out 2 series of experiments: I series - acute alcohol intoxication, II series - chronic alcohol intoxication. The study of the both myocardium ventricles at different regimes of ethanol consumption revealed changes in cardiomyocytes and extracellular matrix - basal membrane, connective tissue and vessels. Microcirculation disorder, after 3 hours of ethanol intraperitoneal injection leads to acute myocardial hypoxia, and sarcoplasm vacuolization. Under chronic (30 days) ethanol intoxication, microcirculatory disturbances are aggravate, however, it becomes important the damage of the contractile apparatus in the form of a spectrum of changes: the myolysis, the vacuolization of the sarcoplasm. At the same time, in the wall of small arteries and between myofibrils structures identical to type IV collagen appear. The increase of Vimentin expression, in our experiment, indicates the starting of myocardial damage dynamic mechanisms, realized by the type of focal cardiosclerosis. Data on immunohistochemistry of p53 revealed that under our experimental conditions, the homeostasis of the cardiovascular tissue has changed. The initiation of cardiosclerosis can also be considered as the manifestation of p53 effects, as a factor forming a critical point of intramyocardial regulation disturbance.

The role of estrogens in pathogenesis of age-related arterial hypertension.

Several factors are contributing to menopausal hypertensión; the role of estrogens in patogénesis of hypertensión in menopausal women have not completely established. The aim of the present investigation was to study some aspects of the role of estrogens in the pathogenesis of hypertension during menopause. 93 women with hypertension, who are referred to the Central Clinic of Tbilisi State Medical University (Georgia) during 2009-2011 were investigated. Women were divided into 2 groups: 1 - reproducvtive age group (43 patients); 2 - menopause age group (50 patients). In each group we investigated estradiole, oxygen (O2-), lipid (LOO.) reactive species, NO and endotheline content and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase, GR) activity. The results of study reveal increased of superoxide - and lipoperoxide - radicals, as well as of endothelin сontent in blood of menopausal women, while concentration of free nitric oxide decreased; at the same time activity of catalase increased (by 50%), GR reduced significantly (by 38%) and SOD's activity didn't change in comparision to reproductive aged group. Negative correlation between the HbNO and estradiole content in blood of reproductive aged women was established (r=-0,60, p=0.03); no dependence between these two parameters in menopausal aged women was revealed (r=-0, 29, p=0,12). It was concluded, that in women of reproductive age probability and risk of hypertension grows in the presence of additional risk factors, such as oxidative stress and/or fluctuations in estrogen's level towards insufficiency, which leads to reduction of nitric oxide content due to its oxidative transformation in peroxinitrite, or enhanced inclusion in HbNO complexes, whereas development of hypertension in postmenopausal women may develop by different mechanisms, might including inflammation.

[Structural features of the pulp ground substance and its significance for acute and chronic pulpitis].

The goal of the research study is an analysis of amorphous material, fibers and cellular elements of the dental pulp and evaluation of their interactions with a variety of fibrouse structures in the norm and inflammation. To solve this problem used dental pulp tissue bioptats (10 cases) of patients with acute and chronic pulpitis and 10 control specimens (orthodontic operations). The material was studied by histological and electron microscopic methods of research. It was determined that in acute pulpitis develope changes promoting dissociation of fibrouse and cellular structures of pulp components, and thus, loss the cementing binding role of the ground substance. Acute pulpitis characterized by the recruitment of mast cells. ; The reorganization and remodeling of ground substance associated with neoangiogenesis, especially capillaries, and the replacement of collagen fibers by the fibrouse structures are major points in chronic pulpitis.

[Functional morphology of the vagus nerve nuclei changes in the medulla oblongata (N. Ambiguus, N. Dorsalis), induced by influenza a (H(3)N(I)) in experiment].

Morphological changes of the brain cortex IV-V layers, the structures of n. ambiguus, n. dorsalis and n. vagus ganglia on the model of influenza virus A strains (H3NI) MLD50 in number 50 microns intranasal inoculation in mice aged 6-8 weeks were studied. For assessment of virus-induced pathology 2 series of experiments were carried out. Electron microscopy, morphometric and histological methods, including by Nissl stain were used. LD dose, daily loss of body weight with access to the so-called "endpoint" determined previously. Experimental period from 48 hours to 12 days. It is shown that in n.vagus stem structures in the medulla oblongata (n. dorsalis, n. ambiguus) have the mosaic and the polymorphic nature of the changes - signs of influenza virus cytotropic effect, such as swelling, vacuolation, chromatolysis, less pyknosis and hyperchromatosis. In the period of the greatest weight loss and expressed «endpoint¼ irreversible changes in the stem structures associated with n. vagus - apoptotic nuclei and neurons massive edema, lipofuscin accumulation have taken place. Results of the study suggest that the parasympathetic nervous system (n. vagus) may be one of the possible route of influenza A virus (H3NI) genomic structures transnerval invasion in the central nervous system during experimental infection.

[Reaction of gingival mucosa on the biodegradated film under chronic periodontitis treatment: morpho-functional correlation].

Purpose - to study the morphological justification of biopolymer film on the gingival mucosa in chronic periodontitis. The samples of gingival mucosa from 42 patients with moderate degree of chronic periodontitis in the acute stage were researched. We determined the specific stomatologic indices of oral cavity and periodontal pocket depth. Treatment started with application to the gingiva biopolymer film with different ingredients (antibiotics etc.). Morphology and ultrastructure of epithelial component was investigated after 24 hours, 7 days and 3 months. Clinical indicators were estimated in the dynamics (24, 48 hours, 7-10 days, 3 months). Based on histo-ultrastructural data of strutified squamous epithelium and stomatologic indices of the oral cavity, we can conclude that the use of biodegradable polymer film leads to the regression of the process, reducing periodontal pocket depth, repair germinal and upper layers of epithelium, and in general, activates the reparative and regenerative processes in the gingival mucosa.

[Expression of the growth factors in the goitertransformed thyroid gland: correlation with the clinical-morphological and electron-microscopic characteristics].

The purpose of the investigation consisted in the study of morphological versions and activity of immunoselective markers in the epithelial component of the goitertransformed thyroid gland with the association of electron-microscopic changes and clinical manifestation of disease. As the primary antibodies were used mono- and polyclonal antibodies to the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is established that the high expression of VEGF is observed in thyroid tissue, which loses sensitivity to the thyroid stimulating hormone, and vice versa. Hyperexpression of TSH, VEGF and EGFR in the nodular proliferating and adenomatous goiter indicates intensification of hyperplastic processes, the unbalance between clinical manifestation of disease and its biological potential of growth, which plays the key role in the determination of clinical prognosis of malignant potential of the nodular formation and postoperative relapse.

[Atrial myxomas: histopathologic variants].

Atrial myxomas are rare, usually benign, intracardiac tumors composed of mucopolysaccharides. Almost all myxomas are found attached to the endocardium in the atria with vast majority being on the left side and can be removed by surgical resection. Two rare cases of myxomas ablated from the left atrial cavity are presented. Surgical correction, is curative with a low operative mortality and an excellent long term prognosis. Tumor morphology and histological appearance are presented. Effect of age on left atria morphology was observed.

[Comparative morphofunctional characteristics of arterial blood vessels of the different kidney segments in humans].

The arterial blood vessels of 26 kidneys of people of both sexes at the first period of mature age were studied. Using Doppler renal investigation of superior segmental and anterior inferior segmental arteries in color duplex scan mode and multislice computed tomographic angiography, intravital investigation of 20 kidneys were performed. Corrosion casts of the renal vasculature of 6 kidneys, obtained at autopsy, were studied using scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that in kidneys with a single renal artery, anterior inferior and superior segments have a similar level of blood supply--when quantitative parameters of hemodynamics of these renal segments were compared, no significant differences were detected; in fact, no differences were found in the angioarchitectonics of anterior inferior and superior segments. In both segments, initial signs of age involution were found in the form of appearance of individual deformed glomeruli and some rarefaction of capillary network in the renal medulla.

[Morphometric characteristic of the subepithelial connective tissue of the rabbit gingiva under the experimental gingivitis on the background of hypercholesterinemia].

The morphologic substrate of the gingival mucosa membrane during the increase of the proatherogenic lipids concentration and the damage the gingiva under the influence of the atherogenic diet was studied in experiment. By the planimetric method the middle indices of the number of capillaries, arterioles and venules and as well the quantities of immunocompetent cells (macrophages and lymphocytes) in the gingival subepithelial connective tissue were defined. The experiments were carried out on rabbits (race "Shinshila"). Animals were on atherogenic ration (cholesterol 0,3 g/kg with vegetables). The experimental gingivitis was modeled by ligation of a silk ligature around the dental neck of the tree superior basal teeth after peeling the gingiva. It was established that under the gingivitis developing against the background of hypercholesterinemia in the subepithelial layer of the gingival mucosa the degree of the vascularisation distinctly diminished, owing to the decrease the number of arteriols and partly capillaries and transformation their walls--the thin-walled capillaries with obliterated, deformated lumen appeared. Endotheliocites with changed structure, ordinary pycnosis of nuclei which creates the necessary prereqvisites for the disturbance of trophicity and progression of the inflammatory process.

[The peculiarity of the regeneration of the gingival mucosa after the operation of the tooth extraction].

The indices of the mitotic activity, the quantity of the double-nucleated cells and the dying nucleus coefficient in the basal and spinous layers of the rat multilayer flat epithelium after the extraction a tooth were studied. The experiments were carried out on 45 nonlinear white mature rats - males. After peeling the gingiva around the dental neck we extract three basal teeth. In the epithelial regenerates we counted amount of the mitotic figures (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) in the basal and spinous cells, double-nucleated cells in the spinous layer and the number of the dying nucleus (picnosis, karyolisis) among 5 000 cells. It was established that the tissue defect was filled up owing to the intensification of the mitotic activity in the germinative layer, namely, dew new cells generation. In spite of the rise the quantity of dying nucleus, the number of the dividing cells exceeds the number of the dying owns, what provides the reparation of the multilayer flat gingival epithelium in the region of the wound.

Morphofunctional characteristics of the ovaries in proliferative uterine myoma.

Morphofunctional changes in the ovaries in women of reproductive age with proliferative uterine myoma were studied. Disorders in folliculogenesis with primordial follicles degeneration of different degree, cystic degeneration of follicles at different stages of their development, paralleled by hyperplasia of the theca-granulosa complex and hyperestrogenemia, were detected. Morphological equivalent of hyperestrogenemia is increased content of lipid inclusions in granulosa cells, ultrastructural hyperplasia, increased volume and quantity of secretion-containing Cull-Exner bodies.

[Morpho-functional parameters of the corpus luteum in healthy women and in patients of reproductive age with uterine myoma].

Ovarian corpus luteum of menstruation at the stage of its peak activity was studied in normal women and in patients with proliferative uterine myoma using ultrasonography (intravaginal color Doppler imaging), laboratory analyses (progesterone and estrogen concentrations in peripheral blood) and morphological (histological, histochemical and morphometric) methods. In patients with proliferative uterine myoma, the defective corpus luteum was detected, as indicated by the prevalence of small granulosa lutein cells, insignificant amount and uneven distribution of lipid inclusions in their cytoplasm, marked reduction of progesterone concentration in peripheral blood, unechogenicity, low degree of vascularization and increase in the value of resistance index of ovarian stromal arteries.

[Morphometric study of the human right and left kidney glomeruli--age factors]. / Morfometricheskoe issledovanie klubochkov pravoi i levoi pochek cheloveka v vozrastnom aspekte.

80 autopsy kidneys were studied in healthy people of both sexes. All of them had only one artery. The material was distributed into 4 age groups: first period of maturity (21-35 Ys old women, 22-35 Ys old men), second period of maturity (36-55 Ys old women, 36-60 Ys old men), pre-senile (56-74 Ys old women, 61-74 Ys old men) and senile (75-90 Ys old people) age. Statistically significant difference was not determined in none of age groups during comparison of the results of morphometric study of right and left kidney glomeruli.

[Comparative characteristics of renal microangioarchitecture in isolated and multiple sources of blood supply by age]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika mikroangioarkhitektoniki pochek pri odinochnykh i mnozhestvennykh istokakh krovosnabzheniia v vozrastnom aspekte.

Using injection methods 39 autopsy kidneys obtained from healthy individuals of both sexes during 1st and 2nd periods of maturity were studied. In every age group kidneys with single artery and with many arteries were identified. Certain peculiarities of the kidney microangioarchitecture in cases with multiple sources of vascularization were established; age changes of renal microvessels were described.