Bronchogenic carcinoma in Kashmir Valley.

PIP: An evaluation of the clinical, radiological and cytohistological parameters of bronchogenic carcinoma was conducted using a sample of 25 male patients (40-80 years of age); 3 of the patients claimed they were not smokers; the rest were graded as mild/moderate/heavy smokers. The 'deep cough' method of repeated and meticulous cytologic examination of sputum samples was used to detect neoplasm. Respiratory symptoms (coughs with expectoration) were reported by 24 of the 25 cases. Bronchial biopsy in 19 cases confirmed malignancy of growth as diagnosed by bronchoscopy. Cytologic examination of sputum in 18 cases also confirmed malignant growth and illustrated the efficiency of exfoliative cytology over tissue histology. These findings support the close association between hukkah (Indian hubble bubble) smoking and lung cancer. Further research is needed however to better understand the role of hukkah smoking in the development of lung cancer.^ieng