ABSTRACT
Until now a few studies have been carried out on the gut lymphoid system in fish despite its protective role in the host. Here, we have evaluated the effects of Candida albicans (Ca) and lipopolysaccaride (LPS) on the pyloric and terminal segments of gut in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. In particular, data show that both Ca and LPS are able to cause apoptosis of intestinal lymphoid cells as detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) procedure. These findings suggest a further modality of gut response in fish to environmental antigens.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis/immunology , Candida albicans/immunology , Gastric Mucosa/immunology , Intestinal Mucosa/immunology , Lipopolysaccharides/immunology , Lymphoid Tissue/immunology , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Gastric Mucosa/cytology , Gastric Mucosa/microbiology , Intestinal Mucosa/cytology , Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology , Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity , Lymphocytes/cytology , Lymphocytes/immunology , Lymphoid Tissue/cytology , Lymphoid Tissue/microbiology , Oncorhynchus mykiss/immunology , Oncorhynchus mykiss/microbiologyABSTRACT
In these investigations GABA concentrations in different cerebral areas (cortex, diencephalon, optic lobes and mesencephalon) of bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were evaluated. According to the results obtained, the GABA, like other chemical mediators (noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin), investigated in different animal species, shows a variable distribution in the CNS of bass. The highest levels of GABA were observed in the cerebral cortex and the lowest ones in the mesencephalon. Mean values were observed in the diencephalon and the optic lobes. The study of the GABA-ergic system of the CNS of fish, could provide a valid contribution to the comprehension of several biochemical and physiopathological mechanisms responsible for the behavioural activity and/or the appearance of neurotoxic phenomena.
