Renal anastomosing hemangioma following partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Renal anastomosing hemangioma (AH) is a rare benign vascular tumor characterized by unique histopathological features. CASE SUMMARY: We report a highly unusual case of renal AH. A male patient had undergone partial nephrectomy for clear cell carcinoma of the kidney four years prior. A follow-up computed tomography scan in the third postoperative year revealed a new mass near the surgical site on the same side of the kidney, raising suspicions of tumor recurrence. However, the characteristics on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography were more consistent with those of a benign lesion. The patient strongly insisted on undergoing surgery due to concerns about the possibility of renal cancer recurrence. Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of renal AH. CONCLUSION: This case report presents the imaging features of a patient with rare renal AH and a history of renal clear cell carcinoma, providing broader insights into the differential diagnosis of new lesions after surgery for renal cell carcinoma.

Biomechanical effects of screws of different materials on vertebra-pediculoplasty: a finite element study.

Background: The effects of cannulated screws made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) on the biomechanical properties of the vertebral body during vertebra-pediculoplasty remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether PEEK screws have the potential to replace titanium alloy screws. Methods: The surgical model of two different materials of screws was constructed using the finite element method. The biomechanical effects of the two models on the vertebral body under different working conditions were compared. Results: ① The peak von Mises stress of PEEK screws was significantly lower than that of titanium screws, with a reduction ranging from 52% to 80%. ② The von Mises stress values for the injured T12 spine were similar for both materials. Additionally, the segmental range of motion and intervertebral disc pressure showed no significant difference between the two materials. Conclusion: PEEK screws demonstrated advantages over titanium screws and may serve as a viable alternative for screw materials in vertebra-pediculoplasty.

Novel Method to Achieve Temperature-Stable Microwave Dielectric Ceramics: A Case in the Fergusonite-Structured NdNbO4 System.

Microwave dielectric ceramics with permittivity (εr) ∼ 20 play an important role in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology in 5G. Although fergusonite-structured materials with low dielectric loss are good candidates for 5G application, tuning the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) remains a problem. In the present work, smaller V5+ ions (rV = 0.355 Å, with coordination number (CN) = 4) were substituted for Nb5+ (rNb = 0.48 Å with CN = 4) in the Nd(Nb1-xVx)O4 ceramics, which, according to in situ X-ray diffraction data, lowered the fergusonite-to-scheelite phase transition (TF-S) to 400 °C for x = 0.2. The thermal expansion coefficient (αL) of the high-temperature scheelite phase was +11 ppm/°C, whereas for the low-temperature fergusonite phase, it was + 14 < αL < + 15 ppm/°C. The abrupt change in αL, the associated negative temperature coefficient of permittivity (τε), and the minimum value of εr at TF-S resulted in a near-zero TCF ∼ (+7.8 ppm/°C) for Nd(Nb0.8V0.2)O4 (εr ∼ 18.6 and Qf ∼ 70,100 GHz). A method to design near-zero TCF compositions based on modulation of τε and αL at TF-S is thus demonstrated that may also be extended to other fergusonite systems.

Combining clinical parameters and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging to stratify biopsy-naïve men for an optimum diagnostic strategy with prostate-specific antigen 4 ng ml-1 to 10 ng ml-1.

We attempted to perform risk categories based on the free/total prostate-specific antigen ratio (%fPSA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density (PSAD, in ng ml-2), and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) step by step, with the goal of determining the best clinical diagnostic strategy to avoid unnecessary tests and prostate biopsy (PBx) in biopsy-naïve men with PSA levels ranging from 4 ng ml-1 to 10 ng ml-1. We included 439 patients who had mpMRI and PBx between August 2018 and July 2021 (West China Hospital, Chengdu, China). To detect clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) on PBx, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and their respective area under the curve were calculated. Based on %fPSA, PSAD, and Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scores, the negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated sequentially. The optimal %fPSA threshold was determined to be 0.16, and the optimal PSAD threshold was 0.12 for %fPSA ≥0.16 and 0.23 for %fPSA <0.16, respectively. When PSAD <0.12 was combined with patients with %fPSA ≥0.16, the NPV of csPCa increased from 0.832 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.766-0.887) to 0.931 (95% CI: 0.833-0.981); the detection rate of csPCa was similar when further stratified by PI-RADS scores (P = 0.552). Combining %fPSA <0.16 with PSAD ≥0.23 ng ml-2 predicted significantly more csPCa patients than those with PSAD <0.23 ng ml-2 (58.4% vs 26.7%, P < 0.001). Using PI-RADS scores 4 and 5, the PPV was 0.739 (95% CI: 0.634-0.827) when further stratified by mpMRI results. In biopsy-naïve patients with PSA level of 4-10 ng ml-1, stratification of %fPSA and PSAD combined with PI-RADS scores may be useful in the decision-making process prior to undergoing PBx.

Discovery of a wild, genetically pure Chinese giant salamander creates new conservation opportunities.

Effective conservation of threatened biota relies on accurate assessments and scientific guidance. As an unfortunate example, Chinese giant salamanders ( Andrias, CGS) remain critically endangered in nature. Misguided conservation efforts, e.g., commercial propagation and releasing of millions of likely non-indigenous or interspecific hybrids, have further compromised conservation initiatives. Limited information on wild populations of CGS poses a significant conservation challenge. Following 18-month long field monitoring, we now report the discovery of a wild population of CGS in a closed nature reserve in Jiangxi Province, China. Genomic assessments reveal its genetic distinctiveness and do not detect genetic admixture with other species. Based on morphological and molecular evidences, we describe this CGS as a new species Andrias jiangxiensis sp. nov. This is the only known species of CGS today with a genetically pure, reproducing, in situ population. This discovery emphasizes the important role that closed nature reserves play in protecting species, and the necessity of integrating long-term field monitoring and genetic assessments. It sets a new pathway for discovering and conserving endangered species, especially for those biotas that are similarly being extirpated by anthropogenic translocations and overexploitation.

The role of prostate-specific antigen density and negative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in excluding prostate cancer for biopsy-naïve men: clinical outcomes from a high-volume center in China.

This study aimed to assess the role of prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) and negative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in predicting prostate cancer for biopsy-naïve men based on a large cohort of the Chinese population. From a prostate biopsy database between March 2017 and July 2021, we retrospectively identified 240 biopsy-naïve patients with negative prebiopsy mpMRI (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 [PI-RADS v2] score <3). Logistic regression analysis was performed to select the potential predictors for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy. The negative predictive values of mpMRI in excluding any cancer and csPCa were 83.8% (201/240) and 90.8% (218/240), respectively. ROC curve analysis indicated that PSAD was the most promising predictor, with an AUC value of 0.786 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.699-0.874), and multiparametric logistic regression analysis confirmed that higher PSAD remained a significant marker for predicting csPCa (odds ratio [OR]: 10.99, 95% CI: 2.75-44.02, P < 0.001). Combining negative mpMRI and PSAD below 0.20 ng ml-2 obviously increased the predictive value in excluding PCa (91.0%, 101/111) or csPCa (100.0%, 111/111). If a PSAD below 0.20 ng ml-2 was set as the criterion to omit biopsy, nearly 46.3% of patients (463 per 1000) with negative mpMRI could safely avoid unnecessary biopsy, with approximately 4.2% of patients (42 per 1000) at risk of missed diagnosis of PCa and no patients with csPCa missed. A PI-RADS v2 score <3 and a PSAD <0.20 ng ml-2 could be potential criteria for the Chinese population to omit prompt biopsy safely.

Microbiome-metabolomics analysis of the effects of decreasing dietary crude protein content on goat rumen mictobiota and metabolites.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of decreasing dietary crude protein content on rumen fermentation, mictobiota, and metabolites in goats. METHODS: In an 84-day feeding trial, a total of twelve male Anhui white goat kids with initial body weight 15.9±1.13 kg were selected and randomly classified into two groups, feeding a normal crude protein diet (14.8% CP, NCP) or a low crude protein diet (12.0% CP, LCP). At the end of the experimental trial (on day 84), six animals were randomly selected from each group and were slaughtered to collect rumen fluid samples for the analysis of rumen fermentation parameters, microbiome, and metabolome. RESULTS: The concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen, total volatile fatty acid, acetate, and propionate were decreased (p<0.05) in the LCP group in comparison with those in the NCP group. The abundances of genera Prevotella, Campylobacter, Synergistetes, and TG5, which were associated with nitrogen metabolism, were lower (p<0.05) in the LCP group compared with those in the NCP group. The levels of 78 metabolites (74 decreased, 4 increased) in the rumen fluid were altered (p<0.05) by the treatment. Most of the ruminal metabolites that showed decreased levels in the LCP group were substrates for microbial protein synthesis. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that vitamin B6 metabolism was significantly different (p<0.05) in rumen fluid between the two treatments. CONCLUSION: Decreased dietary protein level inhibited rumen fermentation through microbiome and metabolome shifts in goat kids. These results enhance our understanding of ruminal bacteria and metabolites of goat fed a low protein diet.

Sonographic Features of Pure Mucinous Brelast Carcinoma With Micropapillary Pattern.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have mostly discussed the clinical manifestations and prognosis of mucinous breast carcinoma with a micropapillary pattern. The purposes of this study were to investigate the sonographic features of pure mucinous breast carcinoma with micropapillary pattern (MUMPC) and to identify the role of ultrasound in the differential diagnosis between MUMPC and conventional pure mucinous breast carcinoma (cPMBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained written informed consent from all patients, and the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital approved this retrospective study. The study was conducted between May and August 2020. We enrolled 133 patients with 133 breast lesions confirmed as mucinous breast carcinoma (MBC) histopathologically between January 2014 and January 2020.We retrospectively assessed sonographic features (margin, shape, internal echogenicity, calcification, posterior acoustic feature, invasive growth, blood flow grade, and rate of missed diagnosis) and clinical characteristics (age, tumor size, tumor texture, initial symptom, and lymph node metastasis). Bivariable analyses were performed using SPSS version 19.0. RESULTS: The 133 lesions included 11 MUMPCs, 65 cPMBCs, and 57 mixed MBCs (MMBCs). There were significant differences in margin, shape, calcification, posterior acoustic feature, invasive growth, rate of missed diagnosis, average tumor size, and lymph node metastasis among the three groups (p < 0.05). The subsequent pairwise comparisons showed that there were significant differences in lymph node metastasis, margin, and invasive growth between MUMPC and cPMBC (p < 0.05). In patients aged >45 years, there was a significant difference in tumor size among the three groups (p = 0.045), and paired comparison showed that the average tumor size in the cPMBC group was larger than that in the MMBC group (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: MUMPC showed a non-circumscribed margin and invasive growth more frequently than cPMBC did. Lymphatic metastasis was more likely to occur in MUMPC than cPMBC. Ultrasound is helpful to distinguish MUMPC from cPMBC.

Interactions between Used Cooking Oil Biodiesel Blends and Elastomer Materials in the Diesel Engine.

Used cooking oil (UCO) biodiesel may be one of the most potential alternative fuels in China to lower the dependency on crude oil for transportation. An experimental study has been conducted to assess the interactions between biodiesel produced from UCO in Shanghai and elastomer materials on high-speed marine diesel engines by immersing elastomer materials into conventional fossil diesel, 5, 10, and 20%, of a volumetric blending ratio of UCO biodiesel and pure UCO biodiesel. The test duration is 168 h at different temperatures of 25, 50, and 70 °C. Meanwhile, the effects of the mixing ratio of UCO biodiesel and the immersion temperature on the compatibility of elastomer materials with UCO biodiesel were analyzed. The results revealed that elastomer materials such as nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), fluororubber (FKM), and silicone rubber (SR) exposed to biodiesel blends would reveal worse but acceptable changes than those exposed to petroleum diesel, including the slight increase of mass and volume and decline of tensile strength and hardness. FKM, NBR, and SR represented better compatibility with pure UCO biodiesel than diesel, and EPDM showed worse compatibility with UCO biodiesel as the blend ratio rises. In general, the recommended volumetric mixing ratio of UCO biodiesel should be no larger than 20%. The present study could be helpful for the investigation of UCO biodiesel blends as a potential fuel to satisfy the energy demand.

Study of spatial and temporal aging characteristic of catalyzed diesel particulate filter catalytic performance used for diesel vehicle.

Catalyzed diesel particulate filters (CDPFs) have been widespread used as a technically and economically feasible mean for meeting increasingly stringent emissions limits. An important issue affecting the performance of a CDPF is its aging with using time. In this paper, the effects of noble metal loadings, regions and using mileage on the aging performance of a CDPF were investigated by methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and catalytic activity evaluation. Results showed that aging of the CDPF shifted the XRD characteristic diffraction peaks towards larger angles and increased the crystallinity, showing a slowing downward trend with the increase of the noble metal loadings. In addition, the increase of the noble metal loading would slow down the decline of Pt and Pt4+ concentration caused by aging. The characteristic temperatures of CO, C3H8 conversion and NO2 production increased after aging, and the more the noble metal loadings, the higher the range of the increase. But noticeably, excessive amounts of noble metals would not present the corresponding anti-aging properties. Specifically, the degree of aging in the inlet region was the deepest, the following is the outlet region, and the middle region was the smallest, which were also reflected in the increase range of crystallinity, characteristic temperatures of CO, C3H8 conversion and NO2 production, as well as the decrease range of Pt and Pt4+ concentrations. The increase of aging mileage reduced the size of the aggregates of the soot and ash in CDPFs, however, improved the degree of tightness between particles. Meanwhile Carbon (C) concentration in the soot and ash increased with the aging mileage.

Prognostic potential of pre-partum blood biochemical and immune variables for postpartum mastitis risk in dairy cows.

BACKGROUND: Mastitis is the most frequent diseases for transition cows. Identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis of mastitis is important for its prevention. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate blood variables related to lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation, and serum variables that are related to health in postpartum cows. RESULTS: Seventy-six healthy Holstein dairy cows at week 4 before calving were selected to collect blood samples from weeks - 4 to 4 weekly relative to calving, respectively. Milk yield and composition were recorded weekly. According to the cut-off of somatic cell counts (SCC) for diagnosis of mastitis, 33 cows with SCC ≥ 500,000 cells ml- 1, 20 cows with 200,000 cells ≤ SCC < 500,000 cells ml- 1, and 23 cows with SCC < 200,000 cells ml- 1 were defined as high, middle, and low SCC, respectively. Serum concentrations of ß-hydroxybutyrate were higher (P < 0.01) during all weeks, and non-esterified fatty acids were higher in high SCC than in low SCC cows from weeks - 3 to 2 relative to calving. Higher serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase (P < 0.01) and lower malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.01) in low SCC than in high SCC cows indicate that the latter suffered from oxidative stress. The difference analysis of the three groups suggested that none of the above-mentioned variables can be used as potential prognostic candidates. On the other hand, high SCC cows exhibited higher blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, P < 0.01) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR, P < 0.01) than low SCC cows, with a higher NLR (P < 0.01) in middle SCC than in low SCC cows. The high SCC cows had lower levels of anti-inflammatory factors including IL-10 (P = 0.05), but higher levels of proinflammatory factors such as IL-6 (P < 0.01), TNF-α (P < 0.05), and PSGL-1 (P < 0.01) than low SCC cows. CONCLUSIONS: The significantly different NLR and PLR pre-partum between the middle and low SCC cows suggest their prognostic potential for postpartum mastitis risk.

A phenomenological model for particle number and size distributions of a diesel engine with a diesel oxidation catalyst.

Particle number is a key index for evaluating particulate emissions, and diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) are one of the most important technologies for controlling the particulate emissions of a diesel engine. In this paper, a novel phenomenological one-dimensional model was established to predict particle number and size distributions at a DOC outlet with the aim of investigating the effects of DOC on particle number emissions. The phenomenological model consisted of two submodels: submodel-1, a global kinetic model for calculating particle size in particle number and size distributions after particles had passed through the DOC, and submodel-2, an original global parametric model for calculating the particle number at the DOC outlet. The effects of the sampling process, fuel properties, and the engine operating condition were considered in submodel-2. An 8.8 L, direct-injection, heavy-duty diesel engine was tested. The particle number and size distributions at the DOC inlet and outlet were determined using an engine exhaust particle sizer. The test data, coupled with literature results, were used to calibrate and validate the phenomenological model. This model was then applied to investigate the influence of various factors on particle number and size distributions at the DOC outlet. It was found that dilution temperature, fuel sulfur content, exhaust gas temperature, and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) played a key role in the particle number after DOC oxidation. The particle number concentration at the DOC outlet increased as fuel sulfur content and exhaust gas temperature increased and decreased as GHSV and dilution temperature increased. In general, results proved that this phenomenological model was accurate enough to predict particle number and size distributions at a DOC outlet under most operating conditions. It may serve as a useful tool for research and development focusing on PM reduction of diesel engines and air pollution control.

Effects of stocking density on oxidative stress status and mammary gland permeability in early lactating dairy cows.

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of stocking density (SD) on oxidative stress status and mammary gland permeability in early lactating dairy cows. Thirty-two dairy cows were allocated into 16 blocks, basing on parity, previous milk yield, and body weight, and were then randomly assigned into one of the two treatments as follows: 75% (75SD) and 100% (100SD) SD. The cows were fed with same diet throughout the 8-week experimental period. The milk yield and milk sample were collected on two consecutive days during the 8-week experimental period weekly. Plasma samples were collected on fourth and eighth experimental weeks. Raw, energy-corrected, and 4% fat-corrected milk yield were significantly higher in 75SD-cows than that of 100SD-animals, respectively. The milk somatic cell count was lower in 75SD-cows than that of 100SD-animals. The levels of Na+ , Na+ /K+ , bovine serum albumin and plasmin were lower in 75SD-cows than those of 100SD-cattle, respectively. The 75SD-cows had reduced insulin and insulin/glucagon levels but higher prolactin and growth hormone concentrations, compared with those of 100SD-animals, respectively. In conclusion, compared with low SD-animals, early lactating cows with higher SD had higher oxidative stress status, which further led to a greater mammary gland permeability.

Dual-Functionalized Mixed Keggin- and Lindqvist-Type Cu24-Based POM@MOF for Visible-Light-Driven H2 and O2 Evolution.

The development of logical visible-light-driven heterogeneous photosystems for water splitting is a subject of new research. As the first example of a noble-metal-free photocatalyst for both H2 and O2 production, a high-nuclear {CuI24(µ3-Cl)8(µ4-Cl)6}-based polyoxometalate (POM)@metal-organic framework (MOF) (ZZULI-1) is rationally designed to serve as a robust dual-functionalized photocatalyst. ZZULI-1 exhibits highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution (6614 µmol g-1 h-1) and O2 evolution (1032 µmol g-1 calculated for the first 6 min). The {CuI24(µ3-Cl)8(µ4-Cl)6} clusters and mixed POMs not only work as the active units for H2 and O2 production, respectively, but also improve the effective electron transfer between the photosensitizer and ZZULI-1. The highly stable dual-functionalized ZZULI-1 affords new penetrations into the development of cost-effective high-nuclear cluster-based POM@MOFs for efficient solar-to-fuel generation.

Hofmann Metal-Organic Framework Monolayer Nanosheets as an Axial Coordination Platform for Biosensing.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are remarkably attractive platform candidates for signal transduction through fluorescence resonance energy transfer or photo-induced electron-transfer pathway. In this work, a 2D Hofmann metal organic framework (hMOF) monolayer nanosheet was developed as an axial coordination platform for DNA detection via a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer quenching mechanism. Through modulating the position of phosphonate groups of rigid ligands, a layer-structured hMOF was synthesized. The single crystals showed that the adjacent layers were linked via hydrogen bonds between diethyl 4-pyridylphosphonate and the solvent. Furthermore, the 2D hMOF monolayer nanosheets were obtained easily via a top-down method. More significantly, the quenching mechanism was identified as an axial coordination between the open Fe2+ sites of hMOF nanosheets and fluorophores with 91% quenching efficiency, constituting an excellent signal transduction strategy. The smart use of hMOF monolayer nanosheets as an axial coordination platform could lead to promising applications in signal switching or/and sensing devices.

Lactation performance and rumen fermentation in dairy cows fed a diet with alfalfa hay replaced by corn stover and supplemented with molasses.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of current study was to investigate the lactation performance and rumen fermentation characteristics of dairy cows fed a diet with alfalfa hay replaced by corn stover but supplemented with molasses. METHODS: Sixteen Holstein cows in mid-lactation were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: i) alfalfa based diet (AH), and ii) corn stover based diet supplemented with molasses (CSM). The experiment was conducted according to a 2×2 crossover design with 22-d each period, consisting of 17 d for adaptation and 5 d for data and samples collection. RESULTS: Dry matter intake and milk yield were higher for cows fed AH than CSM (p<0.01). Milk protein content and nitrogen conversion were higher (p<0.05), while milk urea nitrogen was lower (p<0.01) for cows fed AH than CSM-fed cows. Contents of milk total solids, fat and lactose were not different between two groups (p>0.10). Total rumen volatile fatty acid concentration tended to be higher (p = 0.06) for cows fed AH than CSM-fed cows. Molar proportion of acetate was lower (p = 0.04), but valerate was higher (p = 0.02) in cows fed AH than CSM-fed cows. Rumen concentration of propionate, and isobutyrate, and ratio of acetate to propionate tended to be different (p<0.10) between two groups. The feed cost per kilogram of milk was lower in CSM than AH (p<0.01). No differences were found in feed efficiency and most plasma parameters tested (p>0.10). CONCLUSION: In comparison with AH diet, CSM diet could be fed to dairy cows without negative effect on feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation, but economically beneficial, indicating that CSM could be an alternative choice for dairy farms instead of AH to feed mid-lactation dairy cows.

A water-stable EuIII-based MOF as a dual-emission luminescent sensor for discriminative detection of nitroaromatic pollutants.

A water-stable EuIII-based metal-organic framework (MOF) with dual-emission luminescence behavior, namely {[Eu4(INO)5(µ3-OH)2Cl4(H2O)]·(NO3)·(H2O)5}n (Eu-MOF; HINO = isonicotinic acid N-oxide), was successfully constructed by the solvothermal reaction of Eu3+ ions with the organic ligand HINO. The cationic 3D framework contains microporous channels with accessible Lewis-base sites and NO3- ions as balanced anions, which all contribute to the selective detection of multifarious analytes. This MOF shows ratiometric detection of acetone, Cr2O72- ions, and nitroaromatic compounds (NACs). In particular, it shows great recognition of four NACs in water, representing the first LnIII-MOF which can display distinguishing fluorescence phenomena on NACs rather than relying on the quenching effect. Furthermore, this is also the first example of a MOF-sensor for detecting these explosives discriminatively by ratiometric methods. Additionally, the mechanisms for luminescent responses towards different analytes have been discussed in detail.

Clinical value of echocardiography and blood lipid measurements in diagnosis of coronary heart disease / 第二军医大学学报

[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the clinical value of echocardiography and blood lipid level in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CAD). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 240 suspected CAD in-patients who were treated in the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Southeast University from Jun. 2013 to Oct. 2014. The patients were divided into non-CAD group (n＝58) and CAD group (n＝182) according to the results of coronary angiography. The patients in CAD group were further divided into single vessel lesion group (n＝84) and multi-vessel lesion group (n＝98). The indexes of color Doppler echocardiography and blood lipid levels were compared between non-CAD group and CAD group, and single vessel disease subgroup and multiple vessel disease subgroup. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of CAD. Results E-peak velocity (E) in early diastolic phase and the ratio of E peak velocity to late diastolic phase A-peak velocity (E/A) in CAD group were lower than those in non-CAD group; the E-peak deceleration time (DT) and left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) were longer than those in non-CAD group; the left atrial diameter (LAD), interventricular septal thickness (IVS) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) were higher than those in non-CAD group; and the left ventricular diameter (LVD) was larger than that of non-CAD group (all P0.05). In patients with CAD, E in multi-vessel lesion subgroup was higher than that in single vessel lesion subgroup; E/A in multi-vessel lesion subgroup was lower than that in single vessel lesion subgroup; DT and IVRT were longer than those in single vessel lesion subgroup; and LAD, IVS, LVPW and LVD were larger than those in single vessel lesion subgroup (P0.05). The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in CAD group were higher than those in non-CAD group, and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower than that in non-CAD group (all P0.05). The levels of serum TC, TG and LDL-C in multi-vessel lesion subgroup were higher than those in single vessel lesion subgroup, and the HDL-C level was lower than that in single vessel lesion subgroup (all P0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, TC, IVRT, LAD and LDL-C were independent risk factors for CAD (all P0.05), and E and HDL-C were independent protective factors for CAD (both P0.05). Conclusion Abnormal blood lipid and left ventricular diastolic function are closely related to the development and progression of CAD, and their abnormalities are of great significance for the clinical diagnosis of CAD.

Local Mammary Glucose Supply Regulates Availability and Intracellular Metabolic Pathways of Glucose in the Mammary Gland of Lactating Dairy Goats Under Malnutrition of Energy.

As glucose is the regulator of both the milk yield and mammary oxidative status, glucose supply is considered to play important nutritional and physiological role on mammary gland (MG) metabolism. However, inconsistent results were observed from different infusion methods to evaluate the effect of glucose on MG glucose metabolism. Thus, precise method should be developed to learn how availability and intracellular metabolic pathways of glucose in the MG are altered by the direct mammary glucose supply. In addition, limited information is available on the role of mammary glucose supply in milk synthesis in lactating ruminants under an energy-deficient diet. Direct glucose supply to the MG was implemented in the current study through the external pudendal artery infusion under an energy-deficient diet. Six doses of glucose (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g/d) were infused through the external pudendal arteries, which is the main artery to the MG, to six lactating goats fed with basal diet meeting 81% energy requirement in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Milk and lactose yields were both quadratically increased with increased glucose infusion, whereas the milk yield changed inconsistently with the increased energy balance (EB), indicating local glucose supply, rather than EB, improved milk production. Glucose fluxes in the MG were significantly increased and correlated with mammary plasma flow. However, the ratio of lactose yield to glucose absorbed by the MG was significantly decreased. The increased glucose fluxes in the MG and changed glucose-related metabolites in milk indicated that the glucose availability and intracellular metabolic pathways was regulated by local mammary glucose. Acute glycolysis consumed the superfluous glucose and induced accumulation of oxygen radicals in the MG during over-supplied glucose conditions. The present study provided insight to optimal glucose supply to the MG during the lactation.