ABSTRACT
Chinese sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees) is one of the most troublesome grass weeds in rice in China. Seven suspected cyhalofop-butyl-resistant L. chinensis populations were collected from different rice fields with a history of cyhalofop-butyl use. The level of resistance and resistance mechanisms in seven populations were studied. Dose-response tests indicated that five populations (JS3, JS4, JS6, JS7 and JS8) had evolved high-level resistance (26.9 to 123.0-fold) to cyhalofop-butyl compared with the susceptible (S) population, and other two populations (JS2 and JS5) were still sensitive to the herbicide. Two acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) genes were cloned from each population, and three different ACCase mutations (Ile-1781-Leu, Trp-1999-Cys, and Trp-2027-Cys) in ACCase2 gene were determined in different resistant (R) populations. In addition, no resistance-conferring mutations was detected in the R population (JS7), and ACCase gene expression was similar between the S and R populations. Thus, non-target-site resistance mechanisms may be involved in the JS7 population. Moreover, the patterns of cross-resistance of JS6 (Ile-1781-Leu), JS4 (Trp-1999-Cys), JS8 (Trp-2027-Cys), and JS7 (unknown resistance mechanisms) populations to other ACCase-inhibiting herbicides were determined. The JS6 and JS8 populations showed resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, metamifop, clethodim and pinoxaden, the JS4 population was resistant to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, metamifop and pinoxaden, and the JS7 population had resistance only to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and metamifop. These results indicated the diversity of the target-site mutations in ACCase gene of L. chinensis, and provide a better understanding of cross-resistance in L. chinensis, which would be helpful for the management of cyhalofop-butyl-resistant L. chinensis.
