ABSTRACT
A retrograded starch ingredient obtained from Negro Jampa beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. Negro Jamapa), applying a debranching process (18 U/g for 12 h) and retrogradation (2 °C for 3 days), was evaluated as a potential functional ingredient to improve glucose homeostasis in a diabetic animal model. The obtained ingredient was reduced in rapid digestible starch amount compared to its related isolated native starch (34.1 % and 53.6 %, respectively) and resistant (33.4 % and 22.3 %, respectively). Therefore, a reduced total digestibility was determined for the obtained ingredient compared to native starch (51.5 % and 79 %, respectively). As consequence, diabetic animals fed with functional ingredient replacement (30 %) showed a lower and attenuated postprandial glucose levels, reducing the hyperglycaemic condition, compared with the non-treated animals (r2 = 0.9775; p ≤ 0.05), reducing the glucose serum levels 73 % compared (17.21 vs 23.6 mmol/L, respectively). Also, significant improvement on weight gain (49.75 ± 34.1 g) compared to non-treated (18.14 ± 45.52 g), as well as lower insulin resistance index and improved oxidative stress status was determined for the treated group. These results highlight the potential of retrograded starch obtained from Negro Jamapa beans as a functional ingredient focus on the improvement of the glucose homeostasis and diabetic condition.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Oxidative Stress , Phaseolus , Starch , Animals , Rats , Glucose , Starch/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in Wistar rats the effect of chronic use of high fructose corn syrup on serum lipids, body weight, energy intake regulation, and expression of associated genes. METHODS: For 11 weeks, male rats were fed a standard diet with either water (control) or 15% high fructose corn syrup solution, or fed a high-fat diet. The rats' food intake and body weight were measured weekly. Expression of leptin and fatty acid synthase genes was quantified in their brain and adipose tissue upon sacrifice at age 119 days using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The intake of 15% high fructose corn syrup did not affect the rats' weight, only the rats on the high-fat diet gained significant weight. The rats in both diets had lower levels of leptin expression and high levels of fatty acid synthase in the brain, which were associated with high serum triglycerides. CONCLUSION: Fifteen percent high fructose corn syrup intake and the high-fat diet reduced leptin gene expression in the brain of Wistar rats, with differential effects on weight gain.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar em ratos Wistar o efeito do consumo crônico de xarope de milho com alta concentração de frutose sobre os lipídeos séricos, peso corporal, regulação da ingestão energética e expressão de genes associados. MÉTODOS: Durante 11 semanas, ratos machos foram alimentados com uma dieta padrão com água (controle) ou 15% de xarope de milho com alta concentração de frutose, ou com uma dieta hiperlipídica. A ingestão alimentar e o peso corporal dos ratos foram medidos semanalmente. Os animais foram sacrificados com 119 dias de vida, e as expressões gênicas de leptina e da sintetase de ácidos graxos foram quantificadas no cérebro e no tecido adiposo usando a reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real. RESULTADOS: O consumo de 15% de xarope de milho com alto teor de frutose não afetou o peso dos animais, somente os ratos da dieta hiperlipídica aumentaram de peso significativamente. Nas dietas hiperlipídica e com alto teor de frutose, foram evidentes expressões mais baixas de leptina e mais altas de sintetase de ácidos graxos no cérebro, assim como concentrações mais altas de triacilglicerídeos séricos. CONCLUSÃO: Ingestão de xarope de milho com alta concentração de frutose a 15% ou de dieta hiperlipídica diminuíram a expressão gênica de leptina no cérebro de ratos Wistar, com diferentes efeitos sobre o aumento de peso.
