Promoting the Michigan organ donor registry: evaluating the impact of a multifaceted intervention utilizing media priming and communication design.

There are currently more than 100,000 individuals waiting for an organ transplant. Organ donor registries represent the easiest and most concrete way for people to declare their intent to donate, but organ donor registries are vastly underutilized. This study reports a campaign intervention designed to increase the rate of joining the Michigan Organ Donor Registry. Grounding intervention development in the theoretical principles of media priming and communication design, the intervention took place in two waves in three counties in Michigan. Each intervention consisted of a media component, point-of-decision materials, and an interpersonal component. Increases in registration rates of 200 to 300% in each intervention county, compared to stable statewide trends in registry rates, provide evidence of highly successful intervention efforts. The rate of registry increase in intervention counties was approximately 1,900% higher than statewide on a per capita basis.

Effects of information, education, and communication training about organ donation for gatekeepers: clerks at the Department of Motor Vehicles and organ donor registries.

CONTEXT: Clerks at the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) serve as gatekeepers in the quest to fill organ donor registries. Most people who join organ donor registries do so through their local driver's license bureau. OBJECTIVE: To improve knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward organ donation among DMV clerks, and to improve strategies for communicating with the public about organ donation, resulting in more people joining DMV-based organ donor registries. SETTING: DMV offices in 8 counties in a southern state. PARTICIPANTS: A general survey of 1504 participants in 8 counties was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors toward organ donation. All 76 DMV clerks in those counties participated in surveys before and after a training intervention. INTERVENTIONS: DMV clerks received a 1-hour training intervention focused on the nature of the new organ donor registry, information about organ donation, and communication strategies for interacting with the public. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and behavioral intentions toward organ donation were measured for the general public survey and for DMV clerks. RESULTS: Clerks were more knowledgeable about brain death and religious stances on organ donation than the general public, but otherwise both groups shared similar knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and behavioral intentions toward organ donation. Overall the general public and clerks had favorable attitudes toward organ donation but low to moderate knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors and behavioral intentions. Training significantly increased DMV clerks' knowledge, attitude, beliefs, and behavioral intention toward donation. Organ donor registration rates were a mean of 14% higher in counties where clerks were trained than in control counties and were 9% higher than statewide. CONCLUSIONS: Training DMV clerks is an effective way to increase knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs for gatekeepers of organ donor registries and may increase donor registration rates among the public.

Human affection exchange: VI. Further tests of reproductive probability as a predictor of men's affection with their adult sons.

The authors examined the communication of affection in men's relationships with their fathers. Drawing from Affection Exchange Theory, the authors advanced four predictions: (a) heterosexual men receive more affection from their own fathers than do homosexual or bisexual men, (b) fathers communicate affection to their sons more through supportive activities than through direct verbal statements or nonverbal gestures, (c) affectionate communication between fathers and sons is linearly related to closeness and interpersonal involvement between them, and (d) fathers' awareness of their sons' sexual orientation is associated with the amount of affection that the fathers communicate to them. Participants were 170 adult men who completed questionnaires regarding affectionate communication in their relationships with their fathers. Half of the men were self-identified as exclusively heterosexual, and the other half were self-identified as exclusively homosexual or bisexual. The results supported all predictions substantially.