ABSTRACT
This paper compares some important parameters and the free amino acid and biogenic amine contents of cured industrial and homemade meat products. To this aim, industrial and homemade "soppressata" and "salsiccia", typical dry fermented sausages produced in Southern Italy, were analyzed. The homemade sausages showed a higher level of free biogenic amines than that manufactured industrially, most likely because biogenic amine formation in industrial products is limited by the use of starter cultures. The industrial sausages are characterized by a higher total free amino acid content than the homemade products. Overall, free amino acid and biogenic amine contents demonstrated that appreciable differences exist between homemade and industrial sausages.
Subject(s)
Amino Acids/analysis , Biogenic Amines/analysis , Food, Preserved/analysis , Meat Products/analysis , Animals , Cadaverine/analysis , Cadaverine/metabolism , Diet/ethnology , Dietary Proteins/analysis , Family/ethnology , Fermentation , Food Preservatives/pharmacology , Food Storage , Food, Preserved/microbiology , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Italy , Meat Products/microbiology , Meat-Packing Industry , Pediococcus/drug effects , Pediococcus/metabolism , Putrescine/analysis , Putrescine/metabolism , Staphylococcus/drug effects , Staphylococcus/metabolism , Sus scrofa , Tyramine/analysis , Tyramine/metabolismABSTRACT
Sulfamoylation of the L-ornithine methyl ester side-chain generates a non-natural arginine isostere which can be coupled with N-Fmoc-L-proline to synthesize analogues which maintain the structural characteristics of the biologically important Pro-Arg dipeptide sequence. As a probe of its biological importance, the sulfamoylated amino acid derivative was also incorporated as P1 residue in tripeptide structures matching the C-terminal subsequence of fibrinogen. The reported results demonstrate that the functionalization of L-ornithine side-chain with a neutral sulfamoyl group can generate an arginine bioisostere which can be used for the synthesis of prototypes of a new class of human thrombin inhibitors.
Subject(s)
Arginine/analogs & derivatives , Ornithine/analogs & derivatives , Sulfonamides/chemical synthesis , Anticoagulants/chemical synthesis , Anticoagulants/chemistry , Anticoagulants/pharmacology , Dipeptides/chemistry , Drug Design , Humans , Hydrogen Bonding , Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis , Oligopeptides/chemistry , Oligopeptides/pharmacology , Ornithine/chemical synthesis , Ornithine/chemistry , Partial Thromboplastin Time , Sulfonamides/chemistry , Thrombin/antagonists & inhibitors , Thrombin TimeABSTRACT
The vacuum distillation of bergamot peels furnishes a high-quality essential oil that is totally bergapten-free. This oil was compared with that produced by distillation of cold-pressed oils and those commercially available. The oil obtained by vacuum distillation of the bergamot vegetable matrix shows a composition quite similar to that of the cold-pressed oil. It also displays qualitative characteristics that are superior with respect to those normally observed for essential oils isolated by distillation of cold-pressed oils. Oils isolated by the method presented here can constitute ideal candidates in producing foods, for example, Earl Grey tea, and cosmetic preparations.
Subject(s)
Cold Temperature , Food Handling/methods , Plant Oils/chemistry , Vacuum , VolatilizationABSTRACT
N-Methyl-beta(3)-amino acids are important building blocks in the synthesis of biologically active molecules. A very simple and efficient approach to transform natural alpha-amino acids into their corresponding N-methyl-beta(3)-amino acids is here presented. In the method, the key intermediates N-methyl-N-nosyl-alpha-aminoacyldiazomethanes are prepared in only one step, by a simple treatment of the corresponding N-nosyl-alpha-aminoacyl chlorides with diazomethane. The synthetic route takes advantage from the use of the nosyl group. This N-masking moiety activates the NH function, and the N-methylation can directly occur during the acylation step of diazomethane, rendering useless a second step that instead is shown to be necessary in all the classical procedures already reported for the preparation of N-methyl-beta(3)-amino acids. The Wolff rearrangement of N-methyl-N-nosyl-alpha-aminoacyldiazomethanes provides the corresponding N-methyl-N-nosyl-beta(3)-amino acids with total retention of the chiral configuration of the starting alpha-amino acids. No epimerization of the chiral carbon atom is observed also when N-methyl-N-nosyl-beta(3)-amino acids are transformed into chlorides and coupled with alpha-amino acid methyl esters to achieve model scaffolds for biologically important modified peptides.
Subject(s)
Amino Acids/chemistry , Amination , Diazomethane/chemical synthesis , Diazomethane/chemistry , Methylation , Molecular Structure , Peptides/chemical synthesis , Peptides/chemistryABSTRACT
A facile and convenient approach to 17-ketosteroids is described. Treatment of steroids containing the C-17-dihydroxy acetone side chain with an excess of sodium methoxide in dry 1,4-dioxane under reflux, affords high yields of the corresponding 17-ketosteroids that are recovered as pure products, without the need of further purification.
