Erosion-inhibiting and enamel rehardening effects of different types of saliva.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of in situ saliva compared to in vitro human saliva, with or without mucin, on inhibiting erosion and promoting enamel rehardening. DESIGN: Bovine enamel blocks were randomly distributed into groups (n = 23): Gsitu (human saliva in situ), Gvitro (collected human saliva) and GvitroM (collected human saliva with mucin). The enamel blocks underwent a 2-hour period for the formation of salivary pellicle, based on the assigned groups. Subsequently, they were subjected to three erosive cycles, each of them consisting of an erosive challenge (immersion in 0.65 % citric acid, pH 3.5, 1 min) and saliva exposure (immersion in situ or in vitro saliva for 2 h). Microhardness measurements were performed at each cycle, after each experimental step (erosive challenge and exposure to saliva). RESULTS: After the first demineralization, in vitro saliva groups presented greater hardness loss, with no statistical difference between GVitroM and GVitro. After the third erosive demineralization the in situ saliva resulted in less hardness loss compared to the first demineralization. In relation to surface hardness recovery, there was no difference among types of saliva but there was a decrease in hardness as the cycles progressed. CONCLUSION: Saliva groups had different behaviors between the first and third demineralization, being similar after the third cycle in terms of hardness loss. Regarding hardness recovery, all saliva promoted enamel gain, but there was a gradual decrease with the progression of the cycles.

Revisiting the use of stainless steel crowns for treatment of molar-incisor hypomineralization: a case series.

The restoration of teeth affected by molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is challenging. To this end, preformed stainless steel crowns (SSCs) are a good option; however, their conventional use involves the removal of tooth structure. In the Hall technique, the SSC is seated over the primary teeth without caries removal or tooth preparation, aiming to seal carious lesions. This case series reports the use of SSCs in a similar way to the Hall technique for 3 pediatric patients with MIH. The high-caries-risk patient in case 1 lost hypomineralized enamel and developed a carious lesion immediately after eruption of a permanent first molar. The patient in case 2 complained of hypersensitivity associated with MIH of a first molar that had previously been restored. The patient in case 3 experienced atypical restoration failures in MIH-affected first molars. In all 3 cases, the use of SSCs without tooth preparation was an effective restorative treatment. Although this conservative treatment is a temporary solution, it provides good longevity and preserves tooth structure until the patient reaches physical and emotional/behavioral maturity for a definitive restoration.

S-PRG-based composites erosive wear resistance and the effect on surrounding enamel.

This study evaluated Surface Pre-Reacted Glass-ionomer (S-PRG)-based-composites' surface resistance against erosive wear and their protective effect on surrounding enamel. Bovine enamel was randomized into 12 groups (n = 10/group) [erosion (e) or erosion + abrasion (a)]: nanohybrid-S-PRG-based composite (SPRGe/SPRGa), nanohybrid-S-PRG-based bulk-fill (SPRGBFe/SPRGBFa), nanoparticle-composite (RCe/RCa), nanohybrid-bulk-fill (BFe/BFa), Glass Hybrid Restorative System (GHRSe/GHRSa), and resin-modified glass-ionomer-cement (RMGICe/RMGICa). Cavities were prepared and restored. Initial profile assessment was performed on material and on adjacent enamel at distances of 100, 200, 300, 600, and 700 µm from margin. Specimens were immersed in citric acid (2 min; 6×/day for 5 days) for erosion. Erosion + abrasion groups were brushed for 1 min after erosion. Final profile assessment was performed. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey-test showed: for erosion, the GHRSe and RMGICe presented greater material wear compared to the other groups (p = 0.001); up to 300 µm away from restoration, GHRSe and SPRGBFe were able to prevent enamel loss compared to RMGICe and other composite groups (p = 0.001). For erosion + abrasion, none of the materials exhibited a significant protective effect and S-PRG-based groups showed lower wear than RMGICa and GHRSa, and higher wear than composites (p = 0.001). S-PRG-based-composites can diminish surrounding enamel loss only against erosion alone, similarly to GIC, with advantage of being a more resistant material.

Vitamin E: A potential preventive approach against dental erosion-an in vitro short-term erosive study.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the in vitro effect of different components of palm oil on enamel in a short-term erosive challenge. METHODS: The acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) was previously formed in situ for 2 h. Subsequently, the bovine enamel blocks were treated in vitro according to following solutions: G1-palm oil; G2-85% tocotrienol solution; G3-oily vitamin E; G4-oily vitamin A; G5-deionized water (negative control); G6-stannous-containing solution (Elmex® Erosion Protection Dental Rinse) (positive control). After application of the treatment solutions (500 µl, 30 s), the blocks were immersed in 0.5% citric acid (pH 2.4) during 30 s (initial erosion). The response variable was the percentage of surface hardness loss. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Fisher's Test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The positive control (G6), palm oil (G1) and oily vitamin E (G3) groups presented the lowest percentage of surface hardness loss, and were statistically different from the negative group (G5) (p < 0.05), and no differences were found between these three groups. The 85% tocotrienol solution (G2) and oily vitamin A groups (G4) were not different to the negative control group. CONCLUSIONS: Stannous-containing positive control (Elmex® Erosion Protection), palm oil and oily Vitamin E were able to protect enamel against the erosive challenge performed in this in vitro study. In addition, vitamin E is probably the key ingredient of palm oil responsible for preventing enamel erosion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Vitamin E presented similar preventive effect to a commercial mouthwash stannous-containing solution (Elmex® Erosion Protection) against initial erosion and, it can be considered as a promising natural alternative for the formulations of solutions aiming to prevent erosive tooth wear.

Impact of a simplified in situ protocol on enamel loss after erosive challenge.

This study investigated the effect of the period of use and location of intraoral appliances on enamel surface loss. This randomized, single blind in situ study was conducted in 2 crossover phases based on the period of use, in which maxillary and mandibular appliances were simultaneously worn. Bovine enamel blocks (n = 120) were randomly divided among the studied groups by surface hardness. In each phase, fifteen volunteers used one maxillary appliance and two mandibular appliances for 5 days. Erosive challenge was performed 4X/day by immersion in 0.01 M HCL for 2 minutes. In the continuous phase, the intraoral appliances were worn for 20 hours. In the intermittent phase the appliances were worn for 8 hours and 30 minutes. Enamel loss was determined profilometrically. The discomfort of use of the appliances were evaluated in a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA/Tukey's test and chi-square test (p<0.05). The maxillary appliance promoted higher enamel loss compared to the mandibular one (p<0.001). Intermittent use of appliances resulted in similar enamel loss to the continuous one (p = 0.686). All volunteers preferred to use the maxillary appliance in an intermittent regimen. The intermittent use of maxillary appliance is a simplified reliable protocol appropriated for in situ erosion studies in enamel.

O uso do protetor bucal nas artes marciais: consciência e atitude / Mouthguard use in martial arts: awareness and attitude / El uso del protector bucal en las artes marciales: conciencia y actitud

Introdução: O uso de protetores bucais durante a prática de esportes de contato é de fundamental importância como medida preventiva dos traumatismos orofaciais. Objetivo: Realizar um levantamento quanto a utilização do protetor bucal entre praticantes de artes marciais, assim como verificar qual é a percepção que tais esportistas têm sobre sua importância e função. Métodos: Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva e transversal, de caráter investigativo, composta por 231 praticantes de três diferentes modalidades de artes marciais: Jiu-jítsu, Tae kwon do e Muay Thai, nas cidades de Nova Friburgo-RJ e Macaé-RJ, Brasil, por meio de um questionário estruturado. Os dados foram tabulados no programa estatístico SPSS 16.0. Foi realizada a frequência, sendo aplicado, ainda, o teste qui-quadrado (p<0,05), para estabelecer relação entre variáveis de interesse. Resultados: Os dados indicaram que 60,6% dos entrevistados nunca receberam informações sobre o traumatismo orofacial durante a prática esportiva e que 46,3% dos esportistas já sofreram algum tipo de traumatismo orofacial. A maioria dos atletas (93,9%) considera importante o uso do protetor bucal, porém este dado é desproporcional ao percentual de usuários do dispositivo: 78,7% no Muay Thai, 60,9% no Jiu-jítsu e 47,5% no Tae kwon do (p< 0,01). Dos protetores bucais existentes no mercado, o mais utilizado é o termoplástico ou tipo II (52,5%) em todas as modalidades de lutas avaliadas. O protetor bucal personalizado causou menor percentual de interferência no rendimento durante a prática esportiva quando comparado com os outros tipos de protetores (p<0,07). Conclusão: A maioria dos esportistas reconhece a importância do uso do protetor bucal, apesar de relatar não ter recebido ...

Introduction: The use of mouthguard during contact sports is crucial for preventing orofacial trauma. Objective: To conduct a survey regarding the use of mouthguards among martial arts practitioners as well as find what is the perception that these athletes have about its importance and function. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional survey of investigative character was conducted with 231 practitioners of three different kinds of martial arts (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Muay Thai and Tae Kwon Do) in the cities of Nova Friburgo and Macaé, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, through a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed in the SPSS 16.0 statistical software. The frequency was obtained and the Chi-square Test applied (p<0.05) to establish association among variables of interest. Results: The data indicated that 60.6% of the respondents had never received information about orofacial trauma during sports practice and that 46.3% of the athletes have suffered some sort of orofacial injury. Most athletes (93.9%) consider important to use the mouth guard, but this datum is disproportionate to the percentage of users of the device: 78.7% in Muay Thai, 60.9% in Jiu-Jitsu and 47.5% in Tae Kwon Do (p<0.01). Among the mouthguards on the market, the most widely used is the thermoplastic or type II (52.5%) in all forms of wrestling evaluated. The custom mouthguard caused the lowest percentage of interference of performance during sports practice when compared with other protective devices (p<0.07). Conclusion: Most athletes recognize the importance of using a mouthguard, although they reported not having received information about orofacial trauma during sports practice; most athletes use thermoplastic mouthguard; it is necessary to disseminate information about the benefits of using custom mouthguard (type III) as well as encourage the use of this particular type by all practitioners of martial arts. .

Introducción: El uso de protectores bucales durante la práctica de deportes de contacto es de fundamental importancia como medida preventiva de los traumatismos orofaciales. Objetivo: Realizar un levantamiento sobre el uso del protector bucal entre practicantes de artes marciales, bien como verificar cuál es la percepción que tales deportistas tienen sobre su importancia y función. Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta descriptiva y transversal, de carácter investigativo, compuesta por 231 practicantes de tres diferentes modalidades de artes marciales: Jiu-jitsu, Tae kwon do y Muay Thai, en la ciudades de Nova Friburgo-RJ y Macaé-RJ, Brasil, por medio de un cuestionario estructurado. Los datos fueron tabulados en el programa estadístico SPSS 16.0. Fue realizada la frecuencia, siendo aplicado, además, el test chi-cuadrado (p<0,05), para establecer relación entre variables de interés. Resultados: Los datos indicaron que 60,6% de los entrevistados nunca recibieron informaciones sobre el traumatismo orofacial durante la práctica deportiva y que 46,3% de los deportistas ya sufrieron algún tipo de traumatismo orofacial. La mayoría de los atletas (93,9%) considera importante el uso del protector bucal, aunque este dato es desproporcional al porcentual de usuarios del dispositivo: 78,7% en Muay Thai, 60,9% en Jiu-jitsu y 47,5% en Tae kwon do (p< 0,01). De los protectores bucales existentes en el mercado, el más utilizado es el termoplástico o tipo II (52,5%) en todas las modalidades de lucha evaluadas. El protector bucal personalizado causó menor porcentual de interferencia en el rendimiento durante la práctica deportiva cuando comparado con los otros tipos de protectores (p<0,07). Conclusión: La mayoría de los deportistas reconoce la importancia del uso del protector bucal, a pesar de relatar no haber recibido informaciones ...