Is local stiffness, as measured by radio frequency, more sensitive than intima-media thickness?

AIM: The aim of our study was to explore the changes in common carotid arterial intima-media thickness (CCA IMT) and local arterial stiffness to evaluate, non-invasively, early vascular disease in patients with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and "normal" carotid IMT (<0.9 mm). METHODS: We studied 50 patients (mean age 42 years±14), with no history of cardio-cerebrovascular events and "normal" IMT. We assessed the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the CCA IMT, and the local stiffness with Quality Arterial Stiffness technology, based on Radio frequency signal (RFQAS-ESAOTE, Italy). CCA distensibility coefficient (DC), compliance coefficient (CC), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ß parameter were measured in patients, with and without traditional cardiovascular risk factors. 25 subjects with risk factors (mean age 49±13) were compared with 25 controls (mean age 36±12). RESULTS: We did not find any significant differences in the IMT measurement between subjects with CV risk factors compared to controls (0.530±0.99 mm vs. 0.626±0.127 mm; P=5.68). The mean DC (0.030±0.014 1/kPa vs. 0.0221±0.016 1/kPa; P<0.05) and CC (1.087±0.47 mm²/kPA vs. 0.864±0.41 mm²/kPA; P<0.05), were significantly lower, while PWV (6.21±1.74 m/s vs. 7.68±2.07 m/s; P<0.05) and ß (7.67±4.09 m/s vs. 10.45±5.58 m/s; P<0.05) were significantly higher in subjects with CV risk factors. ROC curves showed that PWV>6.05 m/s better identified, among patients with IMT <0.9 mm, those with cardiovascular risk factors (sensitivity 82.0% specificity 62.0%; AUC 0.73). CONCLUSION: Increased stiffness is a result of change both in quantity and quality of the arterial wall. Arterial functional changes and distention alterations may herald the onset of vascular disease before manifestation of symptoms or detection of preclinical atherosclerotic lesions.

Carotid intima-media thickness measurement through semi-automated detection software and analysis of vascular walls.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to compare the semi-automatic measurement of carotid intima thickness (RFQIMT - Esaote, Italy), with the conventional method. METHODS: We enrolle 81 patients, mean age 46 years ±15, with no history of cardio-cerebrovascular events and we assessed the traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We examined the IMT of the common carotid artery with manual and RFQIMT method (based on the "Radio Frequency" signal), according to the ASE protocol. RESULTS: Semi-automatic measurement was on average lower than manual measurement (617 µm ±191 vs. 676 µm ± 222) with a statistically significant difference (P<0.01). In agreement with manual measurements, the values of RFQIMT increased with increasing age and presence of cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION: The RFQIMT measurement was, on average, lower than manual measurement, this means that probably, age- and gender-related reference values of RFQIMT need to be revised.

Chronic atrial fibrillation in presence of aortic stenosis in a patient with polysplenia syndrome.

We report a rare case of "situs viscerum ambiguous" with polysplenia syndrome, in a 69 year old female patient with aortic stenosis and chronic atrial fibrillation. The presenting symptom was dyspnoea on moderate exertion and an ECG showed supra ventricular arrhythmia. Patients trans-thoracic echocardiogram revealed a dilated left atrium, reduced ejection fraction, mild tricuspid regurgitation, moderate-severe pulmonary hypertension and severe aortic stenosis. The patient was successfully treated with a replacement of her aortic valve and ascending aorta.