ABSTRACT
Apart from their exotic structure, radialenes have been employed as precursors of more complex polycyclic molecules. In this work we report the synthesis of the first compound having the benzo[5]radialene substructure, starting from simple materials. Such a compound proved to be a convenient diene in Diels-Alder reactions, for the preparation of highly functionalized fluorenes and benzo[b]fluorenes in a quimio- and stereocontrolled fashion.
ABSTRACT
New thionaphthoquinones and their hydroxyl derivatives, bearing alkyl side chains that match the phospholipids POPC and POPE, were synthesized in order to investigate their interactions with lipids. It was observed that, in general, these additives destabilize the lipid bilayer and induce less organized structures with higher curvature, in particular the induction of an hexagonal phase on aqueous POPC mixtures. Moreover, cubic phases, not normally observed in the pure lipids when fully hydrated, were detected. Coexistence of lamellar phases was interpreted as a consequence of microsegregation of the components in the mixtures. These results are in line with previous observations on the effect of structurally similar (hydro)quinones in phase behavior of these lipids.
ABSTRACT
We synthesize and characterize alkylthiohydroquinones (ATHs) in order to investigate their interactions with lipid model membranes, POPE and POPC. We observe the formation of structures with different morphologies, or curvature of the lipid bilayer, depending on pH and increasing temperature. We attribute their formation to changes in the balance charge/polarity induced by the ATHs. Mixtures of ATHs with POPE at pH 4 form two cubic phases, P4(3)32 and Im3m, that reach a maximum lattice size at 40 °C while under basic conditions these phases only expand upon heating from room temperature. The cubic phases coexist with lamellar or hexagonal phases and are associated with inhomogeneous distribution of the ATH molecules over the lipid matrix. The zwitterionic POPC does not form cubic phases but instead shows lamellar structures with no clear influence of the 2,6-BATH.
Subject(s)
Hydroquinones/chemistry , Lipid Bilayers/chemistry , Phosphatidylcholines/chemistry , Phosphatidylethanolamines/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydroquinones/chemical synthesis , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Particle Size , Stereoisomerism , Surface Properties , TemperatureABSTRACT
The structure analysis of the title compound, C(14)H(16)O(2)S(2), shows the SMe and H atoms of the bond linking the six-membered rings to be syn and also to be syn to the bridgehead -CH(2)- group. Each of the five-membered rings adopts an envelope conformation at the bridgehead -CH(2)- group. The dione-substituted ring adopts a folded conformation about the 1,4-Câ¯C vector, with the ketone groups lying to one side. The cyclo-hexene ring adopts a boat conformation.
ABSTRACT
The sulfanylation reactions of 2-methylsulfinylated cyclopentanone, 1-indanone, and cyclohexanone by a PTC procedure are reported and the yields and diastereoselectivity compared to those obtained by the homogeneous-phase method. The stability of the sulfanylated methylsulfinyl derivatives at room temperature versus the instability of the p-tolylsulfinyl derivatives is also reported.
