ABSTRACT
We are in a state of evolution in long-term hair removal. Safe and effective technology is now available. Lasers will always become smaller, faster, and perhaps more effective. For those interested in offering this procedure, evidence indicates that we are beyond the experimental phase. The treating physician should carefully review current available technology and receive proper training specific to that system.
Subject(s)
Hypertrichosis/surgery , Laser Therapy/methods , Humans , Lasers/classification , Lasers/standards , Surgical FlapsABSTRACT
The hair removal market is evolving rapidly. The goal has always been long-term epilation. Success is dependent on understanding hair biology and physiology and on knowledge of laser physics, skin optics, and tissue preservation with respect to these emerging laser technologies. These topics will be reviewed, as will specific categories of laser systems in the hair removal arena and the clinical aspects of laser hair removal today.
Subject(s)
Hair Removal/methods , Laser Therapy , Electrolysis , Female , Hair Follicle , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Standard photographic technique in plastic surgery is an important topic that has been stressed in the discipline over the past several years. Clinical photographs should always be taken with the same camera lens, lens setting, lighting, film, and patient position to ensure reproducibility and to enable valid pre- and postoperative comparisons. A 35-mm single lens reflex camera is highly recommended for this type of photography. Two lenses are suggested, one with a focal length range of 50 to 60 mm and one with a focal length range of 90 to 105 mm. Both should have macro capability. Two or more flash units are recommended, either camera-mounted or a studio system set-up in the office. Using the patient preparation method and technique outlined in the text, the Standards in Clinical Photography achieve consistency from patient to patient and also in the same patient in pre- and postoperative photographs. Henceforth, the information discussed in the article forms the basis for standard views, regardless of the image-capture medium.
Subject(s)
Photography/instrumentation , Surgery, Plastic/instrumentation , Equipment Design , Humans , Lenses , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health CareABSTRACT
Despite the existence of basic clinical standards in plastic surgery, specific guidelines for body contour photography have not been detailed previously. In this report we propose standard and supplemental views for positioning of the subject for suction-assisted lipectomy and body contour surgery. Also demonstrated are specialty views for the face, where liposuction has become an integral component of the procedures. Finally, recommendations for photographic documentation of skin "textural" changes and "cellulite" improvement with liposuction, as well as regions requiring lipectomy, are discussed. A professional photographic studio and a model were utilized. Proper lighting, equipment, and backgrounds are described to achieve such standards. General principles for clinical photography are reviewed. We present standard and supplemental views for suction-assisted lipectomy and body contour surgery, with an emphasis on methods to address advanced liposuction techniques (i.e., superficial suction lipectomy) that may affect texture and contour of the skin. These techniques provide consistency for all practitioners, allowing comparison of results and techniques.
Subject(s)
Lipectomy , Photography/standards , Surgery, Plastic , Female , Humans , Patient Care Planning/standards , Photography/instrumentation , Photography/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Photographs currently published or used clinically in hair restorative surgery vary greatly in positioning, lighting, posing, and technique. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work is to aid in standardizing these variables and to review the necessary equipment and techniques required to achieve these goals. METHODS: Nine standardized views are shown. Also addressed is hairline depiction taking into account variable hair styles. CONCLUSION: Standardization is achieved with consistent reproduction of patient photographs in hair restoration.
Subject(s)
Hair , Photography/methods , Equipment Design , Facility Design and Construction , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Information Systems , Lenses , Lighting , Photography/classification , Photography/instrumentation , Records , Reproducibility of Results , Scalp/surgeryABSTRACT
Observation of the nasal bone anatomy has demonstrated a double S-curve configuration from the base of the pyriform aperture to the medial canthus. The most common method of osteotomy uses a curved osteotome or a chisel. The movement of either is facilitated by tapping with a mallet. With this method, frequent green-stick fractures, fragmentation, and other complications have been encountered. For the last 6 years, a dual plane, curved stainless steel blade has been used to accomplish low to high osteotomies. This gives a precise lateral transverse osteotomy without medial osteotomy being required. This technique allows the operator to produce a well-defined and precise lateral osteotomy with fewer potential complications and less postoperative swelling as well as improved patient comfort. In cases of secondary rhinoplasty or old nasal trauma, sites of previous fibrous union are able to be osteotomized with precisely controlled cuts, avoiding unpredictable fragmentation or fracture lines.
