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1.
Pediatr Radiol ; 44(10): 1310-7, 2014 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24756254

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging modality involving ionizing radiation. The presence of γ-H2AX foci after low to moderate ionizing radiation exposure has been demonstrated; however it is unknown whether very low ionizing radiation exposure doses from CT exams can induce γ-H2AX formation in vivo in young children. OBJECTIVE: To test whether very low ionizing radiation doses from CT exams can induce lymphocytic γ-H2AX foci (phosphorylated histones used as a marker of DNA damage) formation in vivo in young children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Parents of participating children signed a consent form. Blood samples from three children (ages 3-21 months) undergoing CT exams involving very low blood ionizing radiation exposure doses (blood doses of 0.22-1.22 mGy) were collected immediately before and 1 h post CT exams. Isolated lymphocytes were quantified for γ-H2AX foci by a technician blinded to the radiation status and dose of the patients. Paired t-tests and regression analyses were performed with significance levels set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: We observed a dose-dependent increase in γ-H2AX foci post-CT exams (P = 0.046) among the three children. Ionizing radiation exposure doses led to a linear increase of foci per cell in post-CT samples (102% between lowest and highest dose). CONCLUSION: We found a significant induction of γ-H2AX foci in lymphocytes from post-CT samples of three very young children. When possible, CT exams should be limited or avoided by possibly applying non-ionizing radiation exposure techniques such as US or MRI.


Subject(s)
DNA Damage , Histones/genetics , Histones/radiation effects , Lymphocytes/physiology , Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Humans , Infant , Male , Pilot Projects , Radiation Dosage
2.
Pediatr Radiol ; 40(11): 1768-73, 2010 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20467734

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus (CA-SA) infections are common among pediatric patients in Hawaii. OBJECTIVE: We wanted to characterize the radiological features of methicillin-susceptible (CA-MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (CA-MRSA) staphylococcal pneumonia in Hawaiian children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records and imaging studies of children with SA pneumonia identified from 1996 through 2007. RESULTS: Of 40 children, 26 (65%) had CA-MRSA pneumonia and 14 patients (35%) had CA-MSSA pneumonia. CA-MRSA patients were significantly younger than CA-MSSA patients (65% younger than 1 year vs. 36% older). In a majority (62%) of CA-MRSA patients, the consolidation was unilateral; in most of the CA-MSSA cases (79%), the consolidation was bilateral. Fifty percent of the patients with CA-MRSA and 21% of those with CA-MSSA had pneumatoceles (P = 0.1). CA-MRSA patients more commonly had pleural effusions (85% vs. 64% for CA-MSSA) and pleural thickening (50% vs. 36% for CA-MSSA). CONCLUSION: This case series describes the radiologic characteristics of CA-MRSA and CA-MSSA pneumonia in children in a highly endemic area. We found that CA-MRSA pneumonias are unilateral in a majority of pediatric pneumonia cases, are more common in children 1 year or younger, and have higher rates of complications in comparison to CA-MSSA patients.


Subject(s)
Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Methicillin Resistance , Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/diagnostic imaging , Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/epidemiology , Radiography, Thoracic/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Female , Hawaii/epidemiology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/drug therapy , Prevalence , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
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