ABSTRACT
This article reports results of a survey assessing the relationship among occupational stress, "personality hardiness" and burnout in 95 radiographers employed in Connecticut hospitals. Regression analyses indicated a positive correlation between burnout and occupational stress, and an inverse relationship between personality hardiness and burnout. Personality hardiness had a beneficial effect at all stress levels.
Subject(s)
Allied Health Personnel/psychology , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Occupational Diseases/psychology , Personality , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Technology, Radiologic , Adult , Data Collection , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Socioeconomic Factors , Stress, Psychological/etiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The goals of this study were to 1) understand the reasons that men seek prostate carcinoma screening, in light of the ongoing medical controversy surrounding screening; and 2) assess the level of psychological distress and perceived risk among men seeking screening, and whether or not these variables were dependent on a man's family history of prostate carcinoma. METHODS: The subjects were 126 men (40% had a family history of prostate carcinoma) who participated in a free prostate carcinoma detection program. Questionnaires, which were completed prior to prostate carcinoma screening, included demographic and medical information, reasons for screening participation, general and cancer-related psychological distress, and perceived risk for prostate carcinoma. RESULTS: Among both family history groups, self-referral was the most common reason for attending the screening, compared with receiving a recommendation from a health professional or from a friend or family member. Men with a positive family history were not more distressed than those without a family history; but as the authors predicted, men with a positive family history of prostate carcinoma did report higher levels of perceived risk relative to those without a family history. In addition, an interaction revealed that psychological distress was greater among men with a family history only among those who also reported elevated perceived risk. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to other prostate carcinoma screening programs, men in the current sample largely elected to attend the screening on their own. Furthermore, although perceived risk was higher among men with a family history compared with those without a family history, psychological distress was greater among men with a family history only among those who also reported elevated perceived risk. Thus, among men with a family history of the disease, perceived risk may be a marker of elevated psychological distress. Screening programs should assess family history and perceived risk because of the potential psychological implications for screening participants.
Subject(s)
Mass Screening/psychology , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Attitude to Health , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/psychology , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesSubject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Chronic Disease/psychology , Family/psychology , Sick Role , Adolescent , Defense Mechanisms , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/psychology , Female , Humans , Individuation , Male , Patient Compliance/psychology , Personality Development , Stress, Psychological/complicationsABSTRACT
The consistent finding that the achievement scales of the Adjective Check List (ACL) and Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) are not correlated has led researchers to question the validity of both of these measures. This article presents evidence indicating that although these measures are independent, they can predict the same performance criteria. Of interest is that the EPPS predicts outcomes for men, whereas the ACL predicts performance for women. A topical examination of each measure's relationships to other scales provides a tentative rationale for these scales' orthogonality that does not call into question the validity of either measure.
Subject(s)
Achievement , Gender Identity , Identification, Psychological , Motivation , Personality Tests , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Problem Solving , Psychometrics , Retention, PsychologyABSTRACT
In this paper we describe our newly constructed Family Coping Coding System. This scheme was constructed to identify family coping strategies that involve appraisal, problem solving, and emotion management dimensions. We discuss the theoretical rationale, meanings and reliability of the coping codes, and illustrate them through excerpts drawn from family discussions of a recent stressful situation (the onset of a chronic or acute illness in an adolescent member). Finally, we consider the clinical research relevance of this new assessment technique, exemplifying this potential with respect to medical compliance. We present analyses of two families with diabetic adolescents who strikingly differ with respect to compliance, and explore which family coping strategies may be predictive of an adolescent's favorable or problematic compliance to diabetes management.