Ischemic stroke in COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study from an Indonesian COVID-19 referral hospital.

Background: COVID-19 increases the risk of acute ischemic stroke. The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors, comorbidities, and outcomes in COVID-19 patients with acute ischemic stroke at University of Indonesia Hospital. Results: The clinical condition of COVID-19 patients with ischemic stroke is more severe for patients older than 55 years (p < 0.05), patients at the critical COVID-19 clinical stage, and patients with atrial fibrillation (p < 0.05). The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) more than 60 mg/L correlated with the outcome of the patient as well. Conclusion: The study concluded that, age, COVID-19 clinical degree, and atrial fibrillation significantly affect the outcome in COVID-19 patients with stroke.

Brief Report: Polymorphisms in CAMKK2 may Influence Domain-Specific Neurocognitive Function in HIV+ Indonesians Receiving ART.

BACKGROUND: Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), milder forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders remain prevalent and are characterized by neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal loss. METHODS: We explore associations between neurocognitive impairment in HIV+ Indonesians and 17 polymorphisms in adjacent genes involved in inflammation and neuronal growth/repair pathways, P2X4R and CAMKK2. HIV+ Indonesians (n = 59) who had received ART for 12 months were assessed to derive Z-scores for the attention, fluency, memory, executive, and motor speed domains relative to local control subjects. These were used to determine total cognitive scores. RESULTS: No alleles of P2X4R displayed significant associations with neurocognition in bivariate or multivariable analyses. In CAMKK2, rs2686344 influenced total cognitive scores in bivariate analyses (P = 0.04). Multivariable linear regression modeling independently associated rs2686344 with higher executive function Z-scores (P = 0.05) after adjusting for CD4 T-cell counts (adjusted R2 = 0.103, model P = 0.034), whereas rs1653588 associated with lower and rs1718120 (P = 0.05) with higher fluency Z-scores (P = 0.05) after adjusting for education and log10 HIV RNA copies/mL (adjusted R2 = 0.268, model P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphisms in CAMKK2 may influence neurocognitive outcomes in specific domains in HIV+ Indonesians receiving ART for 12 months.

Neurocognitive outcomes in indonesians living with HIV are influenced by polymorphisms in the gene encoding purinergic P2X receptor 7.

The advent of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased the prevalence and severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), but milder forms of HAND remain despite optimal treatment. Neuronal injury and loss due to inflammation may mediate HAND. P2X7R encodes purinergic P2X receptor 7 which influences neuroinflammatory pathways and carries polymorphisms associated with sensory neuropathy in HIV patients. We assessed associations between P2X7R polymorphisms and neurocognitive outcomes in Indonesian patients (n â€‹= â€‹59) as they commenced ART and after 3, 6 and 12 months. Z-scores were calculated over 5 domains using local controls and evaluated as continuous variables. Optimal linear regression models identified polymorphisms influencing attention, memory, executive function, motor speed and total cognitive function at each time point. rs504677 was associated with lower executive and motor speed Z-scores at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months, and with memory at 0 and 12 months. Memory was positively influenced by carriage of the rs208296 minor allele at 0, 3 and 6 months and by carriage of the rs208307 minor allele at 0 and 12 months. Higher attention Z-scores associated with carriage of minor alleles of rs1653598 after 0 and 12 months. These also positively influenced executive function and motor speed after 0-6 months. This study identifies polymorphisms in P2X7R which influence domain-specific neurocognitive outcomes in HIV+ â€‹Indonesians prior to and shortly after commencing ART. This implicates purinergic P2X receptor 7 in the pathogenesis of HAND.

Acute Ischaemic Stroke Incidence after Coronavirus Vaccine in Indonesia: Case Series.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Indonesia had reported a 2.8% of mortality rate up to June 2021. CASE PRESENTATION: A strategy to control the virus spreading is by vaccination. The Indonesian Food and Drug Monitoring Agency had approved the use of CoronaVac, an inactivated virus vaccine developed by Sinovac. Most Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) for Corona- Vac are mild, and the most common symptoms are injection-site pain, headache, and fatigue. Neurovascular adverse events, including thrombosis or ischaemic stroke after receiving CoronaVac have not previously been reported. CONCLUSION: Correspondingly, we reported three patients with an Acute Ischaemic Stroke (AIS) after the administration of CoronaVac in our hospital.