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1.
Rev. int. Coll. Odonto-Stomatol. Afr. Chir. Maxillo-Fac ; 30(3): 45-49, 2023. figures, tables
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1511487

ABSTRACT

Introduction : La cellulite cervico-faciale est une diffusion cellulaire d'un foyer infectieux vers les tissus cellulo-adipeux du cou et de la face, avec une prédominance des anaérobies et des germes commensaux de la flore orale. L'objectif de ce travail était de contribuer à l'amélioration de la prise en charge de cellulites cervico-faciales à l'Hôpital National Ignace Deen. Méthodes : Il s'est agi d'une étude rétro-prospective de type descriptif sur une période de cinq (5) ans (01 janvier 2017 au 31 décembre 2021) réalisée aux services d'ORLCCF et d'Odontostomatologie/CMF de l'Hôpital National Ignace Deen de Conakry. Résultats : 97 patients qui présentaient une cellulite cervico-faciale, soit une fréquence de 4,36% ont été inclus. La tranche d'âge de 21 à 30 ans était la plus représentée soit 40,21%. L'âge moyen était de 33 ,15 ± 13,97 ans avec des extrêmes de 1 et 65 ans. Le sex-ratio était de 1,30. La tuméfaction douloureuse était le principal motif de consultation soit 98,97%. Les Anti-Inflammatoires Non Stéroïdiens étaient le facteur le plus présent chez 85 patients soit 78,35%. L'état général était peu satisfaisant chez 94 patients soit 96,91%. Une cellulite suppurée a été retrouvée chez 82,47% patients. Le traitement était médico-chirurgical chez 85 patients soit 87,63%. L'évolution était bonne chez 90 patients soit 92,78%. Conclusion : La cellulite cervico-faciale est une urgence médicochirurgicale qu'il faut savoir diagnostiquer et prendre en charge dans les meilleurs délais. Non traitée, elle peut engager le pronostic vital.


Introduction: Cervico-facial cellulitis is a cellular diffusion of an infection to the cellulo-adipose tissues of the neck and face, with a predominance of anaerobic and commensal germs of oral flora. The objective of this work was to contribute improving the management of cervicofacial cellulitis at Ignace Deen National Hospital. Methods: This was a five (5) year (01 January 2017 to 31 December 2021) descriptive retro-prospective study conducted at the ENT-RTC and Odontostomatology / FJA departments of the Ignace Deen National Hospital in Conakry. Results: 97 patients who presented cervico-facial cellulitis, i.e. a frequency of 4.36%, were included. The 21- 30 age group was the most represented, either 40.21%. The average age was 33.15 ± 13.97 years with extremes of 1 and 65 years. The sex ratio was 1.30. Painful swelling was the main reason for consultation, 98.97%. Non- Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs were the most common factor in 85 of our patients, either 78.35%. The overall condition was unsatisfactory in 94 of our patients, either 96.91%. Suppurated cellulitis was found in 82.47% of our patients. Treatment was medico-surgical in 85 patients, either 87.63%. The evolution was good in 90 patients, either 92.78%. Conclusion: Cervico-facial cellulitis is a medical and surgical emergency that must be diagnosed and managed as soon as possible. If left untreated, it can trigger a vital prognosis.

3.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control ; 9(1): 65, 2020 05 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32410673

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated infections are the most frequent adverse events in healthcare worldwide, with limited available evidence suggesting highest burden in resource-limited settings. Recent Ebola epidemics emphasize the disastrous impact that spread of infectious agents within healthcare facilities can have, accentuating the need for improvement of infection control practices. Hand hygiene (HH) measures are considered to be the most effective tool to prevent healthcare-associated infections. However, HH knowledge and compliance are low, especially in vulnerable settings such as Guinea. The aim of PASQUALE (Partnership to Improve Patient Safety and Quality of Care) was to assess knowledge and compliance with HH and improve HH by incorporating the WHO HH Strategy within the Faranah Regional Hospital (FRH), Guinea. METHODS: In a participatory approach, a team of FRH staff and leadership was invited to identify priorities of the hospital prior to the start of PASQUALE. The local hygiene committee was empowered to increase its activities and take ownership of the HH improvement strategy. A baseline assessment of knowledge, perception and compliance was performed months before the intervention. The main intervention consisted of local alcohol-based-hand-rub (ABHR) production, with final product efficacy testing, in conjunction with a training adapted to the needs identified in the baseline assessment. A follow-up assessment was conducted directly after the training. Effectiveness of the intervention was assessed via uncontrolled before-and-after comparison. RESULTS: Baseline knowledge score (13.0/25) showed a significant increase to 19.0/25 in follow-up. Baseline-Compliance was 23.7% and increased significantly to 71.5% in follow-up. Compliance rose significantly across all professional groups except for midwifes and in all indications for HH, with the largest in the indication "Before aseptic tasks". The increase in compliance was associated with the intervention and remained significant after adjusting for confounders. The local pharmacy successfully supplies the entire hospital. The local supply resulted in a ten-fold increase of monthly hospital disinfectant consumption. CONCLUSION: The WHO HH strategy is an adaptable and effective method to improve HH knowledge and compliance in a resource-limited setting. Local production is a feasible method for providing self-sufficient supply of ABHR to regional hospitals like the FRH. Participatory approaches like hygiene committee ownership builds confidence of sustainability.


Subject(s)
Cross Infection/prevention & control , Hand Hygiene/organization & administration , Personnel, Hospital/education , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Guinea , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Practice Guidelines as Topic , World Health Organization
4.
Health sci. dis ; 19(1)2018.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1262782

ABSTRACT

Introduction et objectifs. L'association du diabète aux pathologies oto-rhino-laryngologiques est un fait classique. Cette association constitue par la difficulté thérapeutique et la gravité de ses complications, un problème clinique et thérapeutique. Notre étude avait pour but de décrire la prise en charge des pathologies ORL chez les diabétiques à l'Hôpital National Donka. Méthodologie. Il s'agit d'une étude transversale descriptive effectuée au mois de mai 2015. Elle a concerné tous les patients diabétiques vus en ambulatoires ou hospitalisés aux services ORL-CCF et d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie de l'Hôpital National Donka, présentant un signe ORL et ayant accepté de participer à l'étude. Résultat. La prévalence des pathologies ORL chez les diabétiques était de 33%. Les sujets âgés d'au moins 56 ans étaient les plus représentés (75%) avec un écart type de 15 et des extrêmes de 2 et 90 ans. Les patients sans revenu étaient les plus atteints (58,6%). 78,9% des patients vivaient en zone urbaine. La quasi- totalité des patients ont été examiné en ambulatoire (92,9 %). Le diabète de type II a dominé la série (94,6%). L'hypertension artérielle représentait 51,6% des pathologies associées. L'hyperglycémie à jeun a été retrouvée chez 84,6% des patients (P=0,01). La rhino sinusite était la pathologie la plus fréquente (72,3%). Les antibiotiques, l'antalgique, la corticothérapie ont été les plus utilisés. Conclusion. Chez le sujet diabétique avec affection ORL, le diabète est le plus souvent mal contrôlé. La rhinosinusite est la pathologie la plus fréquente


Subject(s)
Africa South of the Sahara , Diabetes Mellitus , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/complications
5.
Mali Med ; 32(2): 9-13, 2017.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30079663

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral facial paralysis (PFP), a frequent complication during infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a major cause of morbidity for these patients. The aim of this study was to show the place of unilateral PFP in the discovery of HIV infection in tropical areas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection over a 12-month period, in the ENT departments of the Ignace Deen National Hospital and Neurology Hospital of the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital (CHU de Conakry). RESULTS: Of the 2517 patients received during the study period, 64 had PFP, a prevalence of 2.54%. HIV serology was performed in 56 patients, 24 of whom had a positive serological reaction, a prevalence of 42.86%. The young adult population was the most exposed, with an average age of 34.5 years. There were 9 men and 15 women, or a sex ratio of 0.6. In 70.83% of cases, the consultation period occurred between the 1st and 3rd week. Unilateral facial asymmetry and persistent opening of the palpebral fissure were the main clinical signs. A total of 75% of our patients were infected with HIV1. CD4 levels ranged from 175 to 400/mm3. All our patients had received PFP and HIV treatments. The evolution was marked by a complete recovery with no sequelae of PFP in 62.5% of cases. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of isolated PFP in apparently healthy adults should suggest seroconversion to HIV. The prognosis of these PFPs is often good despite the delay in diagnosis.


INTRODUCTION: La paralysie faciale périphérique (PFP), complication fréquente au cours de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH), constitue une cause importante de morbidité chez ces patients. Le but de cette étude était de montrer la place de la PFP unilatérale dans la découverte de l'infection par le VIH en zone tropicale. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: Il s'agit d'une étude transversale descriptive avec collecte des données prospective, sur une période de 12 mois, réalisée dans les services d'ORL de l'Hôpital National Ignace Deen et de Neurologie de l'hôpital de l'amitié Sino-Guinéenne (CHU de Conakry). RÉSULTATS: Sur les 2517 patients reçus en consultation durant notre période d'étude, 64 présentaient une PFP soit une prévalence de 2,54%. La sérologie VIH avait été réalisée chez 56 patients, dont 24 avaient eu une réaction sérologique positive, soit une prévalence 42,86 %. La population adulte jeune était la plus exposée, avec un âge moyen de 34,5 ans. Il s'agissait de 9 hommes et 15 femmes, soit un sex-ratio de 0,6. Le délai de consultation était, dans 70,83% des cas, situé entre la 1ère et 3ème semaine. L'asymétrie faciale unilatérale et la persistance d'ouverture de la fente palpébrale étaient les principaux signes cliniques. Au total 75 % de nos patients étaient porteurs du VIH1. Le taux de CD4 variait entre 175 et 400/mm3. Tous nos patients avaient bénéficié d'un traitement de la PFP et du VIH. L'évolution avait été marquée par la récupération totale et sans séquelle la PFP dans 62,5% des cas. CONCLUSION: La survenue d'une PFP isolée chez l'adulte apparemment en bonne santé, doit faire évoquer une séroconversion au VIH. Le pronostic de ces PFP est souvent bon malgré le retard diagnostic.

6.
Mali méd. (En ligne) ; 32(2): 7-11, 2017. ilus
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1265720

ABSTRACT

Introduction : La paralysie faciale périphérique (PFP), complication fréquente au cours de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH), constitue une cause importante de morbidité chez ces patients. Le but de cette étude était de montrer la place de la PFP unilatérale dans la découverte de l'infection par le VIH en zone tropicale. Matériel et Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude transversale descriptive avec collecte des données prospective, sur une période de 12 mois, réalisée dans les services d'ORL de l'Hôpital National Ignace Deen et de Neurologie de l'hôpital de l'amitié SinoGuinéenne (CHU de Conakry). Résultats : Sur les 2517 patients reçus en consultation durant notre période d'étude, 64 présentaient une PFP soit une prévalence de 2,54%. La sérologie VIH avait été réalisée chez 56 patients, dont 24 avaient eu une réaction sérologique positive, soit une prévalence 42,86 %. La population adulte jeune était la plus exposée, avec un âge moyen de 34,5 ans. Il s'agissait de 9 hommes et 15 femmes, soit un sex-ratio de 0,6. Le délai de consultation était, dans 70,83% des cas, situé entre la 1ère et 3ème semaine. L'asymétrie faciale unilatérale et la persistance d'ouverture de la fente palpébrale étaient les principaux signes cliniques. Au total 75 % de nos patients étaient porteurs du VIH1. Le taux de CD4 variait entre 175 et 400/mm3. Tous nos patients avaient bénéficié d'un traitement de la PFP et du VIH. L'évolution avait été marquée par la récupération totale et sans séquelle la PFP dans 62,5% des cas. Conclusion : La survenue d'une PFP isolée chez l'adulte apparemment en bonne santé, doit faire évoquer une séroconversion au VIH. Le pronostic de ces PFP est souvent bon malgré le retard diagnostic


Subject(s)
Facial Paralysis/complications
7.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; 64(05): 287-293, 2017. tab
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1266252

ABSTRACT

Introduction : Les urgences ORL de l'enfant constituent une entité relativement fréquente. Elles exigent un diagnostic et une prise en charge précoce. En Guinée, la fréquence de ces affections est mal connue. Le but de cette étude était de décrire le profil épidémiologique et clinique des urgences ORL infantiles dans le Service ORL de l'hôpital national Ignace Deen du CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de Conakry. Patients et méthodes : Il s'est agi d'une étude prospective de type descriptif d'une durée de 6 mois. Les données sociodémographiques et cliniques de 159 enfants ont été recueillies à l'aide d'un questionnaire anonyme, structuré et analysées à l'aide du logiciel Stata Version 13, StataCorp, College, Texas. Résultats : Les urgences ORL de l'enfant représentaient 17,3% des admissions du service ORL. L'âge moyen des enfants était de 6 ans avec une prédominance masculine (52,2%). 54,1% étaient reçus plus de 72 heures après le début des symptômes. Les principaux motifs de consultation étaient l'otalgie (85,5%) et la fièvre (74,8%). Le diagnostic était dominé par les urgences relatives (87,4%) contre 11,9% d'urgences absolues. Les principales circonstances de survenue des urgences absolues étaient les accidents de la voie publique (47,4%), les accidents de jeux (26,3%). Les urgences relatives, étaient découvertes de façon fortuite dans 85,6% des cas. Les pathologies infectieuses, les corps étrangers étaient les principaux diagnostics observés.Conclusion : Les urgences ORL infantiles sont relativement fréquentes dans notre contexte. Elles sont dominées par les urgences relatives qui regroupent les pathologies infectieuses et les corps étrangers. Elles surviennent de façon fortuite ou suite à un accident domestique


Subject(s)
Emergencies , Guinea , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/diagnosis , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/epidemiology , Pediatrics
8.
Phys Chem Chem Phys ; 16(5): 1967-76, 2014 Feb 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24336832

ABSTRACT

The energy storage market relating to lithium based systems regularly grows in size and expands in terms of a portfolio of energy and power demanding applications. Thus safety focused research must more than ever accompany related technological breakthroughs regarding performance of cells, resulting in intensive research on the chemistry and materials science to design more reliable batteries. Formulating electrolyte solutions with nonvolatile and hardly flammable ionic liquids instead of actual carbonate mixtures could be safer. However, few definitions of thermal stability of electrolytes based on ionic liquids have been reported in the case of abuse conditions (fire, shortcut, overcharge or overdischarge). This work investigates thermal stability up to combustion of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C1C4Im][NTf2]) and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([PYR14][NTf2]) ionic liquids, and their corresponding electrolytes containing lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide LiNTf2. Their possible routes of degradation during thermal abuse testings were investigated by thermodynamic studies under several experimental conditions. Their behaviours under fire were also tested, including the analysis of emitted compounds.

9.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1264014

ABSTRACT

Introduction: L'otite moyenne suppuree chronique est une affection frequente chez l'enfant. Plusieurs facteurs peuvent favoriser l'installation d'un tel processus infectieux (rhinopharyngites; otites mal traitees .). L'identification du germe causal de l'otite est une etape essentielle pour mener un traitement adequat. But : Determiner l'ecologie bacterienne des otites purulentes chroniques de l'enfant dans notre unite. Patients et methodes : L'etude menee de novembre 2010 a octobre 2011 a concerne 76 jeunes patients (40 filles et 36 garcons ages de 6 a 180 mois avec une moyenne d'age de 52;73 mois) presentant une otite moyenne suppuree chronique. L'otorrhee purulente des 76 patients (80 oreilles) a ete prelevee. Celle-ci etait recueillie a l'oreille d'un ecouvillon sterile apres nettoyage du conduit auditif externe et conduit le meme jour au laboratoire pour examen bacteriologique. Resultats : 94;74 des prelevements etaient positifs et 5;26 etaient steriles. Parmi les prelevements positifs 75 etaient monomicrobiens et 25 plurimicrobiens. Staphylococcus aureus (41;31); proteus mirabilis (34;79) sont les principales especes bacteriennes responsables d'otite moyenne suppuree chronique chez l'enfant dans notre unite. Conclusion : Ainsi le role pathogene de staphylococcus aureus est preponderant dans les otites moyennes suppurees chroniques de l'enfant dans notre unite


Subject(s)
Bacteriology , Child , Otitis Media, Suppurative , Risk Factors , Staphylococcus aureus
10.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1263994

ABSTRACT

Le lymphangiome kystique est une tumeur vasculaire; benigne; rare; d'origine lymphatique. La forme principale est representee par le lymphangiome cervico-facial congenital de l'enfant. Sa pathogenese est inconnue. Cette malformation congenitale du systeme lymphatique est composee de formations kystiques developpees a partir d'endothelium lymphatique et remplies de lymphe et de sang. L'atteinte des voies aerodigestives superieures (VaDS) peut conduire a des complications graves; mettant en jeu le pronostic vital. nous presentons trois observations de lymphangiomes kystiques de diagnostic post natal. Le traitement etait chirurgical dans tous les cas consistant en exerese complete de la tumeur et le diagnostic confirme par l'examen histopathologique de la piece operatoire. apres un recul d'au moins 12 mois; aucune recidive locale n'a ete observee cependant la surveillance reste de mise


Subject(s)
Congenital Abnormalities , Infant , Lymphangioma, Cystic/diagnosis , Lymphangioma, Cystic/pathology , Lymphangioma, Cystic/surgery
11.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol ; 87(5): 487-93, 2011 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21910005

ABSTRACT

Ecotoxicological assessment in the tropics is based mainly on knowledge gained from temperate organisms, although many studies have shown the need for models that are more appropriate to tropical regions. The toxicity of two herbicides and two insecticides to nauplii of two freshwater zooplankton species, Mesocyclops aspericornis (von Daday in Inseln Zool Jb Syst 24:175-206, 1906) from a tropical reservoir and a Mesocyclops sp. from a temperate pond, were compared. Both strains were sensitive to paraquat, temephos and fenitrothion, tropical M. aspericornis being generally more tolerant (EC50s of 207, 1,450 and 1,840 µg L(-1) for paraquat, temephos and fenitrothion, respectively) than the temperate Mesocyclops sp. (EC50s of 152, 45 and 1,017 µg L(-1) for paraquat, temephos and fenitrothion, respectively) whereas diuron was only slightly toxic (LOEC = 446 µg L(-1) for both strains). The nauplii mortality increased with the exposure time for both species during each experiment. Further isolation of model organisms from tropical ecosystems is needed, to meet the requirements for a tropical risk assessment scheme.


Subject(s)
Copepoda/drug effects , Diuron/toxicity , Fenitrothion/toxicity , Paraquat/toxicity , Temefos/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Climate , Herbicides/toxicity , Insecticides/toxicity , Tropical Climate
12.
Med Trop (Mars) ; 71(5): 457-9, 2011 Oct.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22235616

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap constitutes a significant advance in cervicofacial carcinology. At our institution, it has allowed most surgical problems to be resolved in a single-stage procedure. The objective of this study was to report our experience with this flap. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study includes 26 cases observed over a 10-year period (January 1994-December 2003). The parameters studied were clinical and paraclinical. All patients included in this study received a pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap. Patients treated using another type of flap were not included. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 51 years (range, 20 to 74). The sex ratio was 12 (24 men and 2 women). At the time of admission, 73% of patients showed marked impairment of general condition. In 21 patients (81%), the effect of the pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap was observed immediately after surgery unlike pharyngostome (19%) in which the flap is used in a second stage procedure. With a mean follow-up of 7 years, failure has been observed in 4 cases (15%). CONCLUSION: The pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap is an excellent tool for cervicofacial reconstruction after carcinological exeresis. It reduces the duration of hospitalization. Acquiring proper flap harvesting technique is an important factor in improving outcome.


Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery , Pectoralis Muscles/transplantation , Surgical Flaps , Adult , Aged , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Senegal , Young Adult
13.
Dakar Med ; 52(3): 165-70, 2007.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19097396

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes morbidity is not only connected to a scarce therapeutic care. It is especially the fact of late diagnosis of diabetes, at a time where complications are already present. The aims were to estimate the frequency of microangiopathy observed at the time of diabetes diagnosis within diabetic patients received in Conakry University Hospital and to describe the clinical characteristics of patients who had this complication. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We prospectively examined 116 patients [76 men (65.5%) and 40 women (34.5%); 11% type 1 diabetes and 89% type 2 diabetes] consecutively received and for whom known evolution of diabetes was lower or equal to three-months. All patients were interrogated (in search of cardiovascular risk factors), had a systematic check for retinopathy (exam done by ophthalmologist) or nephropathy (by measure of creatinine, urea and proteinuria). RESULTS: Diabetic retinopathy was present in 29 cases (24.8%) and diabetic nephropathy in 9 cases (7.8%), one at the stage of chronic renal failure. The patients who had microangiopathy were older than the others (p = 0.003) and have more frequently Type 2 diabetes (p = 0.005). However, glycaemia level and cardiovascular risk factors (nicotine addiction, arterial high blood pressure, obesity and sedentary) were not statistically different between both groups. CONCLUSION: Diabetic microangiopathy is frequent at the time of diabetes diagnosis in Guinea. Thus need for a check-up at the diabetes discovery time, as these results point the therapeutic choices and justify patient's compliance.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetic Angiopathies/diagnosis , Diabetic Angiopathies/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Guinea , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Young Adult
14.
Dakar Med ; 50(3): 142-5, 2005.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17632998

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The Pectorals Major Pedicle Flap has been described by ARIYAN in 1979. Authors expound the anatomic basis of this flap and case's experience . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study carried out in the laboratory concerned 14 corpses (11 men and 3 women). Concerning Clinical cases, from January 1st 1994 to December 31st 2003, 26 patients have had a pectoralis major flap in the Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck department of the University of Dakar. RESULTS: The average year was 51 and the sex ratio was 2 women (7.69%)out of 24 men (92.31%). We repaired the pharyngostoma in 20 cases, the oropharynx in 3 cases, the mucosal defect in the mouth in 2 cases and the parotid gland in 1 case. The pectoralis major flap was favourable in 9 cases . We noted 8 cases of partial necrosis and 5 cases of total necrosis. Four (4) cases of death were to be deplored in post operative immediate. CONCLUSION: Reconstruction by pectoralis major flap is scarce in our practice. The improvement of the results goes through the indications choice and the acquisition of more efficient technical stools.


Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Surgical Flaps , Cadaver , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
16.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 48(1): 66-75, 2001 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11161680

ABSTRACT

During desert locust plagues large amounts of insecticides are used for control operations. Drift from these treatments and accidental overspraying may contaminate small surface waters such as temporary ponds. The present study describes methods for static acute toxicity tests with two abundant organisms that occur in temporary ponds in the African Sahel region: the fairy shrimp Streptocephalus sudanicus Daday (Branchiopoda, Anostraca, Streptocephalidae) and the backswimmer Anisops sardeus Herrich-Schåffer (Hemiptera, Notonectidae). The organisms were captured in the field and 48-h static toxicity tests were conducted in the laboratory. The assays were used to screen the toxicity of 11 formulated synthetic insecticides used in desert locust control and of spores of the mycopesticide Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum. Most of the synthetic insecticides tested were highly toxic to both organisms (LC50 or EC50<1 mg/L). Exceptions were the toxicity of diflubenzuron to A. sardeus (moderately toxic: 1

Subject(s)
Decapoda/drug effects , Environmental Exposure , Hemiptera/drug effects , Insecticides/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Decapoda/physiology , Hemiptera/physiology , Insect Control , Lethal Dose 50 , Population Dynamics
17.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 43(1): 1-10, 1999 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10330314

ABSTRACT

Seven roosts of red-billed quelea, Quelea quelea, in the Senegal River Valley and Delta were visited during and after aerial or terrestrial treatments with either Cyanox (cyanophos 500 g a.i. liter-1, five roosts) or Queletox (fenthion 640 g a.i. liter-1, two roosts). The primary goal of the observations was to provide data on environmental effects of cyanophos after mobile ground spraying operations. Twenty-six species of vertebrates (birds, reptile, fish) were found dead or debilitated near the spray sites. Effects on nontarget fauna were most pronounced among owls (cyanophos and fenthion) and blue-naped mousebirds, Urocolius macrourus (fenthion). Among terrestrial invertebrates ants and carabid, and tenebrionid beetles were the most conspicuously affected. Among aquatic invertebrates affected tadpole shrimps, Triops cancriformis, dominated. Extremely high residues were found immediately after spraying on tree leaves in the spillway of a vehicle-mounted Berthoud Super Puma airblast sprayer (up to 1380 mg kg-1) and on birds found dying under these trees (125-11,277 microg bird-1, average 2720 microg bird-1) in two roosts treated with cyanophos. Blue-naped mousebirds were identified as being particularly at risk. Side effects were not dose related. They were most severe after routinely practiced mobile ground spraying applications which led to overdosing. These application methods impose severe environmental hazards, and should be abandoned.


Subject(s)
Birds , Environmental Pollutants/toxicity , Fenthion/toxicity , Insecticides/toxicity , Organothiophosphorus Compounds/toxicity , Animals , Arthropods , Environmental Exposure , Pesticide Residues , Senegal
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