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1.
Morphologie ; 107(358): 100594, 2023 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36842934

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In Senegal, marital infertility is a real problem for society. We undertook the study of this subject to make an analysis of the spermatic parameters of the infertile Senegalese man and to better understand the impact of testicular morphological anomalies on male fertility. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective study of 100 infertile patients followed at the Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics laboratory of UCAD in Dakar, during the year 2020. Sperm parameters, presence of varicocele, and testicular volume were evaluated in our patients. RESULTS/DISCUSSION: The mean age of the patients was 35.17±8.7 years. A history of sexually transmitted infections was found in 57% of patients. The mean duration of infertility was 5.67±3.2 years. The mean sperm count was 14,871,230/ml±4,950,000. Necrospermia was the most frequent abnormality found (60%), followed by asthenospermia (51%). The high rate of necrospermia could be explained by the high frequency of sexually transmitted infections. Other abnormalities were oligospermia (48%, including 09% cryptospermia), azoospermia (19%), teratospermia (19%), and hypospermia (13%). The predominance of azoospermia and oligospermia should prompt a search for a genetic predisposition in these subjects. The mean testicular volume was 10.3±4.9 cc on the right and 9.5±4.8 cc on the left. A single or bilateral varicocele was found in 43% of subjects. Patients with azoospermia and teratospermia were associated with testicular hypotrophy with a significant value (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Overall, the senegalese man consulting for infertility is a young adult, married for an average of 5 years. Necrospermia is the most frequently found anomaly. The severity of both qualitative and quantitative abnormalities should lead to a systematic search for a genetic origin. The etiological research of infertile patients must be done within a multidisciplinary framework to propose better management of these patients.


Subject(s)
Azoospermia , Infertility, Male , Oligospermia , Teratozoospermia , Varicocele , Young Adult , Humans , Male , Adult , Oligospermia/complications , Oligospermia/pathology , Azoospermia/genetics , Azoospermia/complications , Azoospermia/pathology , Varicocele/complications , Varicocele/genetics , Varicocele/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Teratozoospermia/complications , Teratozoospermia/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Universities , Semen , Senegal , Infertility, Male/genetics , Testis/pathology , Spermatozoa , Cytogenetic Analysis
2.
Cardiovasc J Afr ; 22(1): 7-13, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21298199

ABSTRACT

AIM: In endothelium-denuded arteries, the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) induced a persistent hypo-reactivity to vasoconstrictors, and low-molecular weight thiols such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) produced a relaxant effect. These effects were attributed to the formation of vascular NO stores. In arteries with a functional endothelium, such long-lasting effects on arterial tone have not been well characterised. In this study, we proposed to examine the possibility of storing exogenous NO when the vascular endothelium is still able to produce its own NO. METHODS: For this purpose, changes in isometric tension of isolated arteries were assessed in organ chambers, and nitrosothiol formation was characterised by confocal microscopy. RESULTS: In rat aortic rings with endothelium pre-exposed to GSNO, the contractile response to norepinephrine (NE) was not attenuated in comparison with control rings, but NAC induced a relaxant effect. However, an attenuation of the response to NE was observed in GSNO-exposed, intact aortic rings after inhibition of NO synthase by N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-AME) or in GSNO-denuded rings. The relaxing effects of NAC were due to the mobilisation of NO from nitrosothiols after nitrosylation of protein SH residues. Moreover, the hypo-reactivity to NE and the relaxant effect of NAC were abolished by 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, and partially by the K+-sensitive channel inhibitor tetra-ethyl-ammonium (TEA). CONCLUSION: These data show that endothelium-derived NO masked the persistent effect of GSNO in rat thoracic aorta. However, the ability of GSNO to form releasable NO stores without altering the vascular tone can be particularly useful in preventing endothelial dysfunction in which NO formation decreases.


Subject(s)
Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , S-Nitrosoglutathione/pharmacology , Vasoconstriction/drug effects , Vasodilation/drug effects , Animals , Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Guanylate Cyclase/antagonists & inhibitors , Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Microscopy, Confocal , Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors , Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism , Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Potassium Channels/drug effects , Potassium Channels/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sulfhydryl Compounds/metabolism , Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
3.
Mali méd. (En ligne) ; 24(3): 11-16, 2009.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1265590

ABSTRACT

But : Le diabete de type I est une maladie chronique necessitant des prises repetees d'insuline toute une vie durant par voie parenterale. Ce mode d'administration en plus d'etre traumatisant peut poser un probleme d'observance du traitement chez le patient. Dans le souci de pallier ces difficultes; nous avons envisage le developpement d'une matrice ethylcellulose/eudragitr susceptible de faciliter la mise au point d'un systeme therapeutique transdermique de liberation controlee (STTLC) de l'insuline. Materiel et methode : Comme principe actif nous avons utilise de l'insuline humaine anhydre Actrapidr HM des laboratoires Novo Nordisk; les excipients sont l'ethylcellulose; les Eudragitr RS 100 et le butylphtalate. Nous avons elabore deux matrices Ethylcellulose/Eudragit dans les rapports 1 : 1 et 2 : 1 dans lesquels sont incorporees differentes proportions d'insuline. Resultats : L'etude de la liberation de l'insuline en milieu tampon phosphate a pH 7;4 a montre une liberation continue avec des profils fortement dependants du rapport Ethylcellulose/Eudragit et de la charge initiale en insuline. Conclusion : Cette etude a montre que la matrice Ethylcellulose/Eudragit se prete a la mise au point d'un systeme a liberation controlee d'insuline. Ceci nous permet d'envisager pour la poursuite de notre travail l'association de cette matrice avec d'autres elements pour la realisation d'un STTLC de l'insuline


Subject(s)
Insulin, Long-Acting
4.
Dakar Med ; 52(1): 17-22, 2007.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19102086

ABSTRACT

Oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia being frequently observed (44,1%) in male subjects among hypofertiles couples of the sample population, we studied it at the ultrastuctural level. Our investigations have shown that, in addition to morphological and functional abnormalities, spermatic cells in said persons also presented serious ultrasructural disorders which would cause sterility. However in the absence of specific codified treatment for the majority of abnormalities found in sperms and given the high cost of the utrastructural analysis, we propose to limit our study to precise cases of male sterility through routine sample evaluations.


Subject(s)
Infertility, Male/diagnosis , Spermatozoa/abnormalities , Spermatozoa/ultrastructure , Azoospermia/diagnosis , Flagella/ultrastructure , Humans , Infertility, Male/etiology , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Prospective Studies , Senegal , Sperm Head/ultrastructure , Sperm Midpiece/ultrastructure
5.
Dakar méd ; 52(1)2007.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1261052

ABSTRACT

L'oligo-astheno-teratozoospermie etant frequemment observee (44;1) chez les sujets masculins des couples hypofeconds explores; nous l'avons l'etudiee sur le plan ultra- structural. Nos investigations ont montre; qu'outre les anomalies morphologiques et fonctionnelles; les gametes de tels spermes presentaient egalement de graves desor- dres ultrastructuraux qui seraient determinants dans l'echec de la reproduction des couples concernes. Cependant en l'absence de traitement codifie et specifique pour la plupart des anomalies retrouvees dans les spermes et devant le cout eleve de l'analyse ultrastructurale; nous proposons de limiter cet examen a des cas precis de sterilite conjugale selectionnes par l'intermediaire des bilans de routine


Subject(s)
Asthenozoospermia , Infertility, Male , Spermatozoa/abnormalities , Spermatozoa/ultrastructure
6.
Dakar Med ; 49(1): 44-50, 2004.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15782477

ABSTRACT

Hydroxyapatite which has the same elemental chemical composition as natural bone and teeth is one of the promising raw material for the design of drug controlled release system in intrabuccal use. It is stable and biocompatible and widely used in orthopedics and odontology. So, in order to improve the administration of drugs for intrabuccal use, we have developped a fluoride controlled release delivering system. We have formulated tablets of 160 to 200 mg to be fixed on the vestibular face of a molar or a premolar and permitting to reach high enough local concentrations for desirable therapeutic effect. The tablets have a granular matrix composed of hydroxyapatite and fillers, ethylcellulose and/or Eudragit. For all tablets, the pharmacotechnical values support the pharmacopoeia norms. On fragments of tissue maintained in culture, the sodium fluoride is released at constant rate. The release profiles observed are predictable. No disintegration of tablets have been observed during release studies and after. Histological analyses performed after release studies showed the biocompatibility qualities of the tablets.


Subject(s)
Dental Caries/prevention & control , Sodium Fluoride/administration & dosage , Sodium Fluoride/pharmacokinetics , Administration, Topical , Biocompatible Materials , Delayed-Action Preparations , Durapatite/chemistry , Humans , Materials Testing , Mouth , Sodium Fluoride/therapeutic use , Tablets
8.
Dakar méd ; 49(1): 44-50, 2004.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1260994

Subject(s)
Hydroxyapatites , Mouth
9.
Dakar Med ; 48(3): 181-4, 2003.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15776627

ABSTRACT

After twenty years of semi-regular detection(1980-1990) concerning 100,358 cervical smears carried out in the Cytology Laboratory in the CHU of Dakar, we have determined the types of cervical lesions in our study. We've found 21.03% of precancerous and cancerous lesions with 17.56% of CIN1, 2.49% of CIN2 and 0.49% of CIN3 and carcinomas. We've observed 9.07% of normal smears, 69.89% of benign cellular modifications, 17.56% of low grade lesions of Bethesda and 3.47% of high grade lesions of Bethesda. These very high figures show that on the one hand precancerous cervical lesions represent a serious public health concern in Senegal, on the other hand regular detection has become an urgent need in Dakar and in the other regions of Senegal where it's not carried out at all at the present time.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma/epidemiology , Carcinoma/etiology , Condylomata Acuminata/complications , Condylomata Acuminata/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Diseases/complications , Uterine Cervical Diseases/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/complications , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Carcinoma/pathology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Senegal/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Vaginal Smears
10.
Dakar Med ; 47(2): 197-201, 2002.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15776675

ABSTRACT

The authors have made an histological study of the evolution, after 120 days, of coral implant and tricalcic phosphate ceramic implant in each femur of 12 rabbits. The results have shown on the one hand that ceramic is resorbed faster than coral, on the other hand that for both types of biomaterials the resorption was much faster for the implants in contact with the bone-marrow than for those which were not.


Subject(s)
Calcium Carbonate , Calcium Phosphates , Ceramics , Femur/surgery , Prostheses and Implants , Animals , Rabbits
12.
Odontostomatol Trop ; 23(90): 19-23, 2000 Jun.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11372159

ABSTRACT

Most of parodontal diseases have a bacterial aetiology. Their episodic and asynchronic evolution differs from site to site. The "in situs" antimicrobian used in the parodontal bags reduces the systemic administration. Various antibiotics or antiseptics slow liberation systems were experimented. Two patients suffering from advanced parodontitis were treated after radicular scraping by subgingival irrigation with a syringe filled with chlorhexidine. Each patient presented at last four parodontal bags more or less six millimetres (6 mm) deep. The following clinical parameters were noted: Patch index, bleeding index, bag depth. A bacteriological analysis was realized at the beginning and of the treatment. Controls were made at D60. Results showed a significant improvement of clinical parameters. It seems that the chlorhexidine irrigation improves the parodontal treatment efficiency.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use , Bacteria/drug effects , Chlorhexidine/analogs & derivatives , Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use , Periodontal Pocket/drug therapy , Adult , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage , Bacteria, Anaerobic/drug effects , Chlorhexidine/administration & dosage , Colony Count, Microbial , Dental Plaque Index , Dental Scaling , Follow-Up Studies , Gingival Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Periodontal Attachment Loss/drug therapy , Periodontal Index , Periodontal Pocket/microbiology , Periodontitis/drug therapy , Periodontitis/microbiology , Spirochaetales/drug effects , Streptococcus/drug effects , Subgingival Curettage , Therapeutic Irrigation
13.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 90(2): 120-3, 1997.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9289250

ABSTRACT

About 2593 post-coïtal tests (PCT) or Hühner direct tests were realised in the laboratory of clinical cytology, cytogenetics and reproductive biology of the University medical Centre of Dakar, Senegal from 1983 to 1993. Analysing the results, the authors showed the importance of the infectious factor in women and also the role of male deficiency in conjugal sterility in black African environment. These realities have been confirmed cytospermiologic test deficient results. These sperm exams have shown among other things, the prevailing number of azoospermia (25%) and of oligo-asthénotératozoospermia (44%) in husbands of sterile women in the black African environment of Senegal. Pap's Tests have been jointly realised at the same time as 1902 PCT. The results have enabled us to track down 120 cervix with precancerous and cancerous cell alterations; 81 condylomas (HPV), 25 CIN1, 11 CIN2 and 3 CIN3 (CIN: cervical intra-epithelial Neoplasia). These facts suggest a cautious technics, and a prudent interpretation of the results and taking into account the competence and the subjectivity of the practitioner. We have learnt from the study that we must give as much as possible to biologists of Reproduction in southern countries, where conjugal sterility and cervix precancerous and cancerous cell alterations are high, a polyvalent training so that they can practise jointly the post-coïtal or Hühner direct test (PCT) and the Papanicolaou Colpocytologic Test (TP), provided that one owes a microscope.


Subject(s)
Coitus , Infertility, Female/diagnosis , Infertility, Male/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Black People , Cervix Mucus , Clinical Competence , Condylomata Acuminata/diagnosis , Female , Genital Diseases, Female/diagnosis , Genital Diseases, Female/microbiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oligospermia/diagnosis , Papanicolaou Test , Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Senegal , Sperm Count , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Vaginal Smears , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/diagnosis
14.
J Med Virol ; 49(4): 259-63, 1996 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8877756

ABSTRACT

In order to analyse human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the Senegalese population, HPV DNA was sought in 65 women with evidence of cervical cytological abnormality and in 72 pregnant women. Ninety-four percent of the patients were positive for HPV DNA as compared to 24% of pregnant women. HPV 16 was detected in cervical smears in 42% of cases, HPV 18 in 39%, HPV 6 in 26%, HPV 11 in 15%, HPV 45 in 10%, HPV 52 in 3%, and HPV 31, HPV 33 and HPV 68 in 1.5%. HPV 16 and HPV 18 were detected in 16% and 7% respectively of pregnant women. HPV DNA of unknown type was detected in 6% of cases, and multiple HPV infections were observed in 28% of cases. Low risk genital HPVs (6/11) were detected in smaller proportions (17%) among high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) than the low grade SILs (43%). High risk HPVs (16/18) were detected in high proportions both in low and high grade SIL lesions, though the highest frequency (70%) was observed among patients with high grade lesions. In conclusion, the results confirm that HPV infections are frequent in Senegal and that HPV 18 and 45 are detected in a high proportion of patients in Africa.


Subject(s)
Cervix Uteri/virology , DNA, Viral/analysis , Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics , Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Tumor Virus Infections/virology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Female , Genotype , Humans , Middle Aged , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomavirus Infections/pathology , Pregnancy , Risk Factors , Senegal , Tumor Virus Infections/pathology , Vaginal Smears
15.
Acta Leprol ; 9(2): 69-75, 1994.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7863754

ABSTRACT

In order to examine the factors determining irregularity among patients undergoing multidrug therapy in Bamako district, we conducted a non-experimental study based, in the first instance, on medical records and later on a questionnaire. One thousand one hundred and seventy-five (1,175) treatment cards were reviewed in this way. The results of our study show that 3.1% of the patients fail to attend treatment sessions regularly and that multibacillary patients have more irregular attendance than paucibacillary patients. We have not observed any statistically meaningful difference between old and new patients as far as irregularity in attending multidrug therapy sessions is concerned. The second part of our research based on a questionnaire targeting a group of cases (36 patients who did not attend regularly) and a random control group (50 patients who attended treatment regularly but had missed at least one treatment) has shown that it is only for Item VI ("Have you ever missed your appointment because you perhaps considered yourself cured?") that a statistically meaningful difference emerges between cases and controls regarding the rates of affirmative responses (p < 0.05).


Subject(s)
Leprosy/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Leprosy/drug therapy , Mali
16.
Dakar Med ; 37(1): 95-102, 1992.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1345078

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to set up a biological method for diagnosing hepatitis E using an immunoenzymatic technique. This technic attaches specific IgM of a monkey experimentally infected with the Hepatitis E virus to a solid phase. These antibodies capture the HEV antigen (AgHEV) present in the stools of patients with hepatitis E. Antigen was then revealed using purified and labelled IgG from the same monkey. Using this method, we were able to: prove the existence of sporadic cases of hepatitis E in Dakar, biologically confirm the diagnosis of hepatitis E in 53.33% of patients suffering from hepatitis during an epidemic in Constantine and in 26.3% of patients in Bangkok who contracted oral-fecal transmitted hepatitis. Confirmation by inhibition and control reactions demonstrated the specificity of this test and its usefulness as a tool for the biological diagnosis of hepatitis E.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Viral/analysis , Hepatitis E/diagnosis , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Feces/microbiology , Hepatitis A/complications , Hepatitis E/complications , Hepatitis E/transmission , Hepatitis E virus/immunology , Humans , Senegal , Thailand
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