Prise en charge anesthésiologique de l'anévrisme cérébral au Mali / Anesthesiological management of cerebral aneurysm in Mali

Objectif : Décrire la prise en charge anesthésiologique de l'anévrisme cérébral au Mali. Patients et Méthodes : étude descriptive à recueil historique de 8 ans (Novembre 2012 à Octobre 2020) au CHU « Hôpital du Mali ¼ des patients opérés pour anévrisme cérébral avec un dossier médical complet. La saisie et l'analyse ont été effectuées par SSPS version 25. Résultats : Durant la période d'étude, 32 patients répondaient à nos critères soit une prévalence de 2,1%. L'âge moyen était de 45,2 ± 12,5 ans. Le ratio femme-homme était de 2,55. Les patients résidaient à Bamako dans 71,9 %. L'HTA était l'antécédent médical le plus fréquent. Les patients étaient de grade I de WFNS dans 87,5%. La classe ASA II représentait 84,4%. Une prémédication a été faite dans 96,9%. Une anesthésie générale a été faite chez tous les patients. Une antibioprophylaxie a été faite chez tous les patients. La perte sanguine moyenne était de 737,3 ± 460,5 ml. Une transfusion per opératoire a été prescrite dans 46,8%. L'évènement indésirable per opératoire était cardiovasculaire dans 96,9 %. La durée moyenne de la chirurgie était de 267,1±77,1 minute. Celle de l'anesthésie était de 427,9 minutes. En réanimation, une complication a été observée dans 34,4%. La mortalité était de 25%. La durée moyenne de séjour était de 6,3 jours. Conclusion: Au Mali la prise en charge de l'anévrysme cérébral est en progrès malgré une mortalité encore élevée.

Objective: To Describe the anesthesiological management of cerebral aneurysm in Mali. Patients and Methods: This was an observational study, descriptive with historical collection of 8 years (November 2012 to October 2020) at the department of the university hospital "Hôpital du Mali" concerning 32 patients operated for cerebral aneurysm with a complete medical file. Input and analysis were performed by SSPS version 25. Results: During the study period, 32 patients met our criteria, a prevalence of 2.1%. The median age was 45.2 ± 12.5 years. The female-to-male ratio was 2.55. Patients resided in Bamako in 71.9%. High blood pressure was the most common medical history. Patients were grade I WFNS in 87.5o_ièvg%. ASA class II accounted for 84.4%. Premedication was done in 96.9%. General anesthesia was applied to all patients. Antibiotic prophylaxis was given to all patients. The average blood loss was 737.3 ± 460.5 ml. An intraoperative transfusion was prescribed in 46.8%. The intraoperative adverse event was cardiovascular in 96.9%. The average duration of surgery was 267.1±77.1 minutes. That of anesthesia was 427.9 minutes. In intensive care, a complication was observed in 34.4%. Mortality was 25%. The average length of stay was 6.3 days. Conclusion: In Mali, the management of cerebral aneurysm is progressing despite still high mortality.

[Management of overcrowding in the Emergency Department of University Hospital Gabriel Touré, Bamako in Mali]. / Gestion du surpeuplement au Service d'accueil des urgences (SAU) du Centre Hospitalo Universitaire Gabriel Touré, Bamako au Mali.

INTRODUCTION: Emergency Department (ED) overcrowding is a major healthcare issue. The purpose of this study is to determine the causes of emergency department overcrowding and to evaluate intra-hospital transfer after initial treatment. METHODS: we conducted a 1-year prospective study at the Emergency Reception Service of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital. All patients admitted to the Emergency Reception Service and belonging to classes 3, 4, 5 of the Clinical Classification of Emergency patients (CCEP) and whose length of stay in the department was greater than or equal to 24 hours were included in the study. Patients consulting the Emergency Department and classified as CCMU classes 1, 2, patients without a well-established medical record and patients who died before treatment were excluded by the study. RESULTS: we recorded 19.571 calls to the emergency service, including massive influxes (a remarkable 44 times, 570 patients). Bed occupancy rate was 108.03% in our department; at the same time, the average bed occupancy in the Hospital was 56%. According to the CCEP classification, 83.75% of patients were CCEP3. Patients with neurological disorders were 557. Patients with a trauma accounted for 56.7%, compared with 49.2% of medical disorders encountered. CONCLUSION: the average length of stay was 63.59 hours, with a maximum length of 45 days. More than a quarter of the reasons for delayed intra-hospital transfers were due to the need for specific surveillance or specific treatments that were not feasible in conventional hospitalization.

First Malian series of surgery for rheumatic valve disease: opening of the centre, clinical features and peri-operative realities.

INTRODUCTION: Over the past two decades, the incidence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD) have dramatically declined in wealthier regions of the world as a result of preventative programmes, improved living standards and access to cardiac surgery. Nevertheless, ARF and RHD are still public health problems in less-developed regions of the world such as Oceania, south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. AIM: We report on clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects as well as the difficulties encountered during this first series of surgery for rheumatic valve disease in Mali. METHODS: This was a prospective, descriptive study conducted at the Andre Festoc Cardiac Surgery Centre from September 2018 to August 2019. RESULTS: The frequency of patients having been operated on for rheumatic valve disease was 44.73% (68 patients). The mean age of the patients was 18 ± 10 years with extremes of five and 60 years. The gender ratio was 0.7. The delay to treatment was between one and three years for 39.7% of the patients. The main diagnoses found were: mitral regurgitation in 50% of patients, mitral stenosis in 16.2% and aortic regurgitation in 10.3%. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure was 35-50 mmHg in 19.1% of patients and more than 50 mmHg in 25%. The median cardiopulmonary bypass time was 132 minutes (60-276) and median extubation time was three hours (0-96). The main complications were cardiac, renal, neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal and infectious. In the immediate postoperative period, we recorded three deaths, which is a mortality rate of 4.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Humanitarian efforts have led non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to launch surgical programmes in low-and middle-income countries in an attempt to fill the gap in these fragile healthcare systems. Cardiac surgery requires much expertise from the medical staff, as well as many material and financial resources. Empowerment of the local team is a challenge that is being realised since taking these essential steps of companionship with the NGO la Chaine de l'Espoir.

[Management of medical assistance to the victims of terrorist attacks in Mali]. / Gestion des secours médicaux aux victimes des attentats terroristes au Mali.

INTRODUCTION: Recent suicide bombings have revealed a new type of massive influx of injured people, unique of its kind, which must be managed in Hospitals. METHODS: We here describe the experience in the management of medical assistance to the victims of terrorist attacks in Mali in the University Hospital Gabriel Toure in Bamako and in the Hospital N.Fomba in Segou. RESULTS: Sixty-four victims of three attacks were included in our study, among them 22 (34.4%) died on arrival. Ninety-seven percent of victims were men; the victims were native of Mali in 71% of cases. Fifty-one percent of participants had severe injuries; 35% of these participants had predominant lesions on their limbs. No victim included alive died during treatment at the Hospital. CONCLUSION: The availability of accurate information's on the mechanisms and the severity of the lesions as well as prehospital medical treatment will reduce disaster-related morbi-mortality.

[Modalities of stroke management in Mali (West Africa): a survey of practices]. / Modalites de prise en charge des accidents vasculaires cerebraux au Mali (Afrique de l'Ouest): une enquete de pratiques.

The upsurge and the impact of stroke in terms of mortality and morbidity in Africa are well documented. But their current stroke management modalities remain to be evaluated. METHODS: This study investigated the modalities of healthcare practitioners working in structures involved in stroke management in seven of the eight regions and the capital city of Bamako. A questionnaire was sent out to all potential participants identified in the designated areas, whereas the relevant medical personnel were systematically enrolled to take part. 149 practitioners (90%) including 68 general practitioners, 12 specialists, and 69 residents responded to the questionnaire. Six CT-scan, 15 echocardiographs, and 21 electrocardiographs were available. The team directly involved in patient management included six neurologists, seventeen cardiologists, six neurosurgeons, 86 physical therapists, three orthophonists, and two ergotherapists. Hemiplegia was the revealing symptom of stroke in 61.1% of cases. Almost all infrastructures and the personnel are located in a geographic area representing less than 10% of the country, where only 14 % of the population live. These findings emphasize the lack and unequal distribution of resources allocated to stroke management. CONCLUSION: Problems related to stroke in Mali need a re-organization of patient management networks. An initial and continued training of health practitioners should be implemented.

La haute incidence des AVC en Afrique et leur gravité en termes de mortalité est bien documentée. Mais les modalités actuelles de leur prise en charge restent à évaluer. L'objectif de ce travail était d'analyser les modalités de prise en charge et l'offre de soins pour les AVC, au Mali. Il s'agissait d'une enquête de santé publique auprès des prescripteurs exerçant dans des structures impliquées dans la prise en charge AVC dans 7 des 8 régions existantes et du district de Bamako. Un questionnaire a été adressé à tous les intervenants potentiels recensés de ces territoires, tandis que les plateaux techniques et les personnels ont été systématiquement recensés.Au cours de ce travail 149 prescripteurs sollicités ont répondu au questionnaire (90%). Il s'agissait de 68 médecins généralistes, 12 médecins spécialistes, 69 internes. Sur le plan de la logistique, la presque totalité de ce plateau technique et du personnel se trouvent sur une aire géographique qui représente moins de 10% du territoire national et n'abrite que 14% de la population. Ces données témoignent de l'insuffisance et de l'inégale répartition des ressources allouées à la prise en charge des AVC.

Modalites de prise en charge des accidents vasculaires cerebraux au Mali (Afrique de l'Ouest) : une enquete de pratiques

La haute incidence des AVC en Afrique et leur gravite en termes de mortalite est bien documentee. Mais les modalites actuelles de leur prise en charge restent a evaluer. L'objectif de ce travail etait d'analyser les modalites de prise en charge et l'offre de soins pour les AVC; au Mali. Il s'agissait d'une enquete de sante publique aupres des prescripteurs exercant dans des structures impliquees dans la prise en charge AVC dans 7 des 8 regions existantes et du district de Bamako. Un questionnaire a ete adresse a tous les intervenants potentiels recenses de ces territoires; tandis que les plateaux techniques et les personnels ont ete systematiquement recenses. Au cours de ce travail 149 prescripteurs sollicites ont repondu au questionnaire (90). Il s'agissait de 68 medecins generalistes; 12 medecins specialistes; 69 internes. Sur le plan de la logistique; la presque totalite de ce plateau technique et du personnel se trouvent sur une aire geographique qui represente moins de 10du territoire national et n'abrite que 14 de la population. Ces donnees temoignent de l'insuffisance et de l'inegale repartition des ressources allouees a la prise en charge des AVC