ABSTRACT
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a rare and highly malignant neoplasm composed of small round cells, which frequently occurs in children and adolescents. PNET originating from the prostate is even rarer. We report a case of PNET of the prostate with notalgia and paraplegia as the initial symptoms. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography scanning showed hypodense and hypermetabolism on the prostate; subsequently, we ascertained the diagnosis by transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. The patient underwent local vertebral radiotherapy combined with five courses of systematic chemotherapy. Disease progressed after 11 months, and the overall survival was 17 months.
Subject(s)
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/pathology , Paraplegia/pathology , Paresthesia/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Pruritus/pathology , Adult , Combined Modality Therapy , Humans , Male , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/therapy , Prognosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapySubject(s)
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/statistics & numerical data , Spinal Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Spinal Fractures/epidemiology , Spinal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Spinal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Diagnosis, Differential , Evidence-Based Medicine , Humans , Prevalence , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Assessment/methods , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Increasing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays an important role in neurotoxins-induced neurodegenerations. Microglia are a type of glial cells in the brain and play as the first and main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system. Accumulated data suggest that the activation of microglia plays a critical role in neurotoxicities induced by environmental toxicants. So the inhibition of microglia has been proven to be an effective strategy against neurotoxic effects. In the present study, we found that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can inhibit both microglial activation and dopaminergic injury in the substantia nigra of Sprague-Dawley rats induced by lipopolysaccharide, one of the major constituents of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB, an important transcription factor involved in microglial activation. Taken together, our results provided the first in vivo evidence that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can inhibit the damage of dopaminergic neurons induced by lipopolysaccharide through their inhibitory effects on nuclear factor-κB-dependent microglial activation.
