Congenital adactyly and oligodactyly with metatarsal hypoplasia in two rhesus monkeys.

Congenital digital defects, particularly adactyly and oligodactyly, have been reported frequently in humans, however, their occurrence in rhesus monkeys is rare, mainly in the hind limbs. We present here for the first time, two female rhesus monkeys with unilateral congenital toe defects with metatarsal involvement. One showing adactyly and the other oligodactyly. In this report, we present the clinical/radiological details of these cases as well as discuss the risk factors possibly involved, such as contact with pesticides and genetic factors.

Health biopsychosocial aspects of students and collaborators of a higher education institution suffering from headache / Aspectos biopsicossociais da saúde de estudantes e funcionários de uma instituição de ensino superior portadores de cefaleia

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Headache is considered a common health condition in doctors' offices around the world. It is an unpleasant sensory experience that will be experienced by the individual at least once in their life, be it an adult or child. The main challenge is to make an accurate diagnosis due to the signs and symptoms that may be related to other diseases. Its etiology is multifactorial and is often related to the individual's biopsychosocial condition. Thus, headache results in significant physical and emotional impact on the patient. The objective of this study was to identify the biopsychosocial aspects of the health of students and employees with headache from a higher education institution in the city of Vila Velha/ES. METHODS: This research was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted from March to May 2019. The convenience sample consisted of 51 individuals of both genders, aged between 18 and 59 years old, who reported headaches. RESULTS: Fifty-one individuals (female=41 and male=10) participated in the study; most individuals were single (n=38, 74.5%) and had no children (n=40, 78.4%); 62.7% were students and 32.7% were employees. The average time since the perception of the symptom was 105±118.3 months. According to the visual analog scale, the total average pain was 6.6±1.8. The impact of headache was measured by the migraine deficiency assessment questionnaire which showed 52.9% of individuals with a severe impact. This result resembles sleep disorders (58.8%), confirming that the headache is debilitating in the population studied. CONCLUSION: It was observed that female students had a higher prevalence of headache and that the most prevalent type of pain is migraine, with an impact on the overall functionality of individuals.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor de cabeça é considerada uma condição de saúde comum em consultórios médicos em todo o mundo. É uma experiencia sensorial desagradável que será experimentada pelo indivíduo, pelo menos uma vez na vida, seja ele adulto ou criança. O principal desafio é realizar um diagnóstico preciso devido aos sinais e sintomas que podem estar relacionados a outras doenças. Sua etiologia é multifatorial e frequentemente está relacionada à condição biopsicossocial do indivíduo. Dessa forma, a cefaleia resulta em grande impacto físico e emocional no paciente. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer os aspectos biopsicossociais da saúde de estudantes e funcionários com dor de cabeça em uma instituição de ensino superior da cidade de Vila Velha/ES. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal analítico, realizado entre março e maio de 2019. A amostra foi de conveniência e composta por 51 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 59 anos e que apresentassem relato de dor de cabeça. RESULTADOS: Cinquenta e um indivíduos (feminino=41 e masculino=10) participaram do estudo; a maioria dos indivíduos era solteira (n=38, 74,5%) e não tinha filhos (n=40, 78,4%); 62,7% eram estudantes e 32,7% eram empregados. O tempo médio de percepção dos sintomas foi de 105±118,3 meses. De acordo com a escala analógica visual, a dor média total foi de 6,6±1,8. O impacto da dor de cabeça foi mensurado pelo questionário de avaliação da deficiência de enxaqueca que apresentou 52,9% dos indivíduos com um impacto grave. Esse resultado se assemelha aos distúrbios do sono (58,8%), confirmando que a dor de cabeça é debilitante na população estudada. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que as mulheres estudantes apresentaram maior prevalência de cefaleia e que o tipo de dor mais prevalente é a enxaqueca, com impacto na funcionalidade geral dos indivíduos.

Palmoplantar depigmentation in Macaca fascicularis following Blaschko linear pattern.

Hypomelanosis of Ito is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome, characterized by streaks and swirls of hypopigmentation arranged in a Blaschkoid pattern. Other associated anomalies are observed. We report a case of a male cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) who presented the characteristic of hypomelanosis of Ito with palmoplantar involvement and polythelia.

Efeitos a curto prazo da aplicação de radiofrequência hexapolar sobre a fadiga de mulheres fibromiálgicas: um estudo piloto / Short-term effects of the application of hexapolar radiofrequency on fatigue in fibromyalgic women: a pilot study

Introdução: A fibromialgia (FM) é definida como uma sí­ndrome multifatorial que acomete principalmente mulheres e possui caracterí­sticas de dor musculoesquelética em pelo menos 11 dos 18 pontos sensí­veis descritos pelo American College of Rheumatology. Sabe-se que a dor provocada pela FM não possui somente componentes fí­sicos, mas caracterí­sticas afetivas e emocionais. Depois da dor, a fadiga é a queixa mais comum de mulheres com FM, uma das causas é a sua correlação com a má qualidade do sono. Objetivo: Investigar através de um estudo piloto a aplicação da radiofrequência hexapolar (RF) em aliviar a fadiga em mulheres fibromiálgicas. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo sete mulheres com diagnóstico de FM de acordo com os critérios do ACR. Para avaliação da fadiga antes e após aplicação da RF usou-se a Escala de Fadiga de Chalder. Resultados: A média de idade das mulheres foi 51 anos; apresentaram ní­veis elevados de fadiga antes do tratamento (42,143 ± 6,768) e após a aplicação da RF apresentaram fadiga igual a 22,143 ± 6. Conclusão: A aplicação da RF mostrou-se eficaz em diminuir a queixa de fadiga nesse grupo de mulheres fibromiálgicas. Faz-se necessário a aplicação da RF em um número maior de mulheres para verificar a sua real eficácia. (AU)

Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is defined as a multifactorial syndrome that affects mainly females and has characteristics of musculoskeletal pain in at least 11 of the 18 sensitive points described by the American College of Rheumatology. It is known that the pain caused by FM does not have only physical components, but affective and emotional characteristics. After pain, fatigue is the most common complaint of women with FM, one of the causes is their correlation with poor sleep quality. Objective: To investigate, through a pilot study, the application of hexapolar radiofrequency (RF) in relieving fatigue in women with fibromyalgia. Methods: Seven women with FM diagnosis according to the ACR criteria participated in this study. To evaluate the fatigue before and after RF application, the Chalder Fatigue Scale was used. Results: The mean age of the women was 51 years; they presented high levels of fatigue before treatment (42,143 ± 6,768) and after the application of RF they showed fatigue equal to 22.143 ± 6. Conclusion: The application of RF was effective in reducing the fatigue complaint in this group of women with fibromyalgia. It is necessary to apply RF in a larger number of women to verify its real effectiveness. (AU)

The use of factorial design to evaluate the oxidation of oils containing different types of omega-3 fatty acids.

BACKGROUND: Omega-3 fatty acids (n3 FA) promote beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, but they are highly susceptible to oxidation, which leads to the formation of potentially toxic secondary products. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of natural compounds (sinapic acid and rutin) was evaluated using an accelerated model to oxidize the oils. Five inducers (temperature, Fe2+ , 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, ascorbyl palmitate and the hydrophobic 2,2'-azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile (AMVN)) were combined in a factorial design to accelerate the oxidation of three oils (flaxseed, echium and fish) containing different sources of n3 FA. RESULTS: Lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations estimated using the regression models did not differ from the observed values. AMVN + Fe2+ increased TBARS in all samples. CONCLUSION: The values for the oxidative markers obtained 48 h after induction were similar to those obtained when the oils were heated at 60 ° C for 15 days. Of a number of volatile compounds formed from the oxidation of different n3 FA sources, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, decanal, undecanal and (E)-2-undecenal were identified in all samples and could be used as more specific oxidative markers. Using the accelerated model, rutin improved the oxidative stability of fish oil, probably due to the presence of a catechol group in its chemical structure. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Aplicação de planejamento fatorial na oxidação de óleos contendo diferentes tipos de ácidos graxos ômega 3 / The use of factorial design to evaluate the oxidation of oils containing differents types of omega 3 fatty acids

Óleos contendo alta proporção de ácidos graxos ômega-3 (n-3 FA) têm sido aplicados na formulação de alimentos ou comercializados como suplementos, com a finalidade de reduzir o risco cardiovascular, principalmente devido aos seus efeitos hipotriglicêmicos e anti-inflamatórios. No entanto, a susceptibilidade à oxidação dos n-3 FA é elevada, levando à formação de vários produtos secundários, incluindo alguns tóxicos e potencialmente aterogênicos. Por esta razão, compostos naturais com propriedades antioxidantes têm sido investigados com o objetivo de melhorar a estabilidade oxidativa dos óleos com alta proporção de n-3 FA. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a capacidade antioxidante de dois compostos naturais (ácido sinápico e hidrato de rutina) utilizando-se um modelo acelerado para oxidar os óleos. Foram combinados cinco indutores (Temperatura; Ferro- Fe2+; 2,2'-Azobis dicloridrato de 2-amidinopropano - AAPH; ascorbil palmitato - AP e 2,2'-azobis -2,4-dimetilvaleronitrilo - AMVN) em um delineamento fatorial (25-1) com ½ fração de "resolução V" para acelerar a oxidação de três óleos (linhaça, Echium e peixe) contendo diferentes fontes de n-3 FA: ácido α-linolênico (ALA), ácido estearidônico (SDA) e ácido eicosapentaenóico (EPA) + ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA), respectivamente. Não houve diferença entre os marcadores de oxidação (LOOH e TBARS) estimados pelos modelos e os valores observados experimentalmente. Os indutores AMVN e Fe2+ foram os principais fatores responsáveis pelo aumento da concentração de TBARS. Os valores dos marcadores oxidativos obtidos 48 h após a indução foram semelhantes ou superiores àqueles observados nas amostras oxidadas a 60°C por 15 dias, sendo ambos maiores que os valores observados nas amostras de óleo frescas. Entre os compostos voláteis formados pela oxidação de diferentes fontes de n-3 FA, (E, E) 2,4 -heptadienal, (E, E) 2,4-decadienal, decanal, undecanal e (E) -2-undecenal foram identificados em todas as amostras, podendo ser utilizados como marcadores oxidativos mais específicos. Utilizando o modelo de oxidação acelerada, o hidrato de rutina melhorou a estabilidade oxidativa do óleo de peixe, provavelmente devido à presença de grupos catecol em sua estrutura química. Este estudo contribuiu para que ensaios mais rápidos fossem realizados na avaliação do efeito antioxidante de novas moléculas aplicadas em óleos funcionais comestíveis

Oils containing a high proportion of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) have been used in the formulation of foods or sold as supplements, aiming to reduce cardio-vascular risks, mainly due to their hypotriglycemic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, n-3 FA are highey susceptible to oxidation, leading to the formation of several products, including some toxic and potentially atherogenic. For this reason, natural products with antioxidant properties have been investigated to improve the oxidative stability of oils with a high proportion of n-3 FA. This study evaluated the antioxidant capacity of two natural compounds (sinapic acid and rutin hydrate), using an accelerated model to oxidize the oils. Five inducers were combined (Temperature, Iron-Fe2+, 2,2'-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-AAPH, Ascorbyl palmitate-AP and 2,2'-azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile-AMVN) in a factorial design (25-1) ½ fraction of "resolution V" to accelerate the oxidation of three oils (flaxseed, Echium and fish) containing different sources of n-3 FA: α-linolenic acid (ALA), stearidonic acid (SDA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. There was no difference between the oxidation markers (LOOH and TBARS) estimated by the regression models and the values experimentally observed. The inducers AMVN and Fe2+ were the main factors responsible for the increase of TBARS concentration. The values of the oxidation markers obtained 48h after the induction were similar to or higher than those obtained when the samples were oxidized at 60°C for 15 days, both being more elevated than the values observed in the fresh oils. Among the volatile compounds formed by the oxidation of different sources of n-3 FA, (E, E) 2,4-heptadienal, (E, E) 2,4-decadienal, decanal, undecanal and (E)-2-undecenal were identified in all samples, and could be used as more specific oxidation markers. Using the accelerated model, rutin hydrate improved the oxidative stability of fish oil, probably due to the presence of catechol groups in its chemical structure. This study showed that faster anays could be performed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of new molecules applied on edible functional oils

Efeitos da intervenção motora com tarefa dupla na cognição e presença de depressão em idosos residentes em instituição de longa permanência / Effects of motor intervention with dual task in cognition and the presence of depression in elderly living in long-stay institutions

Introdução: Existe uma escassez de programas sociais e de saúde voltados para a manutenção do idoso dependente, o que leva ao aumento do número de idosos institucionalizados e a um quadro precoce de demência e/ou depressão. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da intervenção motora com tarefa dupla na cognição e presença de depressão nos idosos deste estudo e a aplicabilidade dos instrumentos Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e Avaliação Cognitiva Montreal (MoCA) na detecção de alterações cognitivas. Material e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo experimental com 33 idosos: 14 idosos realizaram os exercícios com tarefa dupla por 5 semanas e foram chamados grupo intervenção (GI); 19 idosos não participaram da intervenção e foram chamados grupo controle (GC). Os grupos foram avaliados pelo: MEEM, MoCA e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG). Resultados: Não houve diferença significante na função cognitiva dos idosos após a intervenção em nenhum dos dois grupos estudados. O GC apresentou na EDG escore acima de 5, indicando depressão. Foi constatada uma forte correlação entre a MoCA e o MEEM. Conclusão: A intervenção fisioterapêutica com tarefa dupla, durante 5 semanas, não foi suficiente para melhora cognitiva. O fato da presença de depressão no GC pode estar relacionada ao nível de atividade e socialização desse idoso. O MoCa mostrou-se um instrumento capaz de detectar comprometimento cognitivo leve, enquanto o MEEM foi um instrumento de mais fácil aplicação. (AU)

Introduction: There is a shortage of social and health programs for the maintenance of dependent elderly, which leads to an increase in the number of institutionalized elderly and an early disorder of dementia and/or depression. Objective: To evaluate the effects of motor intervention with dual task in cognition and the presence of depression in the elderly of this study and the applicability of the instruments Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in detecting cognitive impairment. Methods: We conducted an experimental study of 33 elderly, 14 elderly performed the exercises with double duty for 5 weeks and were called the intervention group (GI); 19 elderly did not participate in the intervention and were called control group (CG). The groups were evaluated by: MMSE, MoCA and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results: There was no significant difference in cognitive function of the elderly after the intervention in any of the two groups. The CG presented in EDG score above 5 indicating depression. A strong correlation was found between the MoCA and the MMSE. Conclusion: Physical therapy intervention with double duty for 5 weeks was not enough to cognitive improvement. The fact of the presence of depression in the GC may be related to the level of activity and socialization of that old. MoCA proved to be an instrument able to detect mild cognitive impairment, while the MMSE was an instrument easier to apply. (AU)

Functional Capacity of Oldest Old Living in a Long-stay Institution in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.

[Purpose] A significant increase in the number of oldest old has occurred worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterize the functional capacity of the oldest old residents in a long-stay institution in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [Subjects and Methods] All participants were evaluated according to the following metrics: anthropometry, body composition (bioelectrical impedance), handgrip strength, balance (Berg scale and stabilometry), ankle mobility (electrogoniometry), physical capacity (six-minute walk test), quality of life (WHOQOL-OLD), and dietary habits (questionnaire). [Results] Twenty elderly subjects with a mean age of 85.75 ± 5.22 years and a mean fat percentage of 39.02 ± 5.49% participated in the study. The group at risk of falls (n = 8) had a lower handgrip strength and walked a shorter distance over the course of six minutes compared with the group not at risk of falls. The obese group (n = 15) had higher values for stabilometric variables than the nonobese group. There was a positive and significant correlation between ankle joint mobility and physical capacity (r = 0.47). [Conclusion] High values for obesity and low values for handgrip strength and physical capacity were associated with worse body balance. Low values for ankle mobility were also associated with worse physical capacity in this population.

Two-dimensional analysis of gait asymmetry in spastic hemiplegia / Análise bidimensional da assimetria da marcha na hemiplegia espástica

Objetive: Simple measures of gait for routine clinical use could be useful when the complex gait analysis systems are not available. The aim of this study was to quantify asymmetry in children with spastic hemiplegia using a two-dimensional gait analysis by videography and to relate the asymmetry to motor function. Methods: Twenty-four children with spastic hemiplegia (19 males, 5 females; mean age 49 months [SD 5 months], range from 39 to 60 months) were assessed with a two-dimensional gait analysis by videography and the analyzed parameters were compared with normal values and with clinical and functional data. Results: There were significant differences in swing time (p = 0.002), stance time (p = 0.01) and stance/swing time ratio (p < 0.001). The comparison with the normal values described by Sutherland also demonstrated gait asymmetry. There was no direct relationship between the motor function and asymmetry but a score analysis for specific Gross Motor Function Measure items could quantify it in terms of age of gait acquisition. Children with more adequate muscle tone presented longer stance time in the involved limb than those with more spasticity (p = 0.03). Conclusions: These results suggest that the best performance is associated with the smallest asymmetry in this sample. Although two-dimensional gait analysis does not provide as much data as three dimensional gait analyses, we believe it can contribute significantly to the gait assessment of children with cerebral palsy.

Objetivo: Medidas simples para mensuração da marcha na rotina clínica podem ser úteis quando os sistemas complexos para a análise da marcha não estão disponíveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar a assimetria na marcha de crianças com hemiplegia espástica por meio de uma análise bidimensional por videografia e relacionar a assimetria à função motora. Métodos: Vinte e quatro crianças com paralisia cerebral do tipo hemiplégica espástica (19 do sexo masculino, 5 feminino; média de idade de 49 meses [± 5 meses], variando de 39 a 60 m) foram avaliadas por meio da análise bidimensional por videografia, e os parâmetros analisados foram comparados a valores normais e com dados clínicos e funcionais. Resultados: Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as médias do tempo de balanço (p = 0,002), tempo de apoio (p = 0,01) e da relação apoio/balanço (p < 0,001). A comparação aos valores normais de Sutherland também demonstrou a assimetria na marcha. Não foi observada relação direta entre a função motora avaliada pela escala GMFM e a assimetria. Já a análise do escore para itens específicos dessa escala pôde relacionar a assimetria à idade de aquisição da marcha independente. Crianças com tônus muscular mais adequado apresentaram maior tempo de apoio no lado envolvido do que aqueles com maior espasticidade (p = 0,03). Conclusões: Esses resultados sugerem que a melhor performance está associada à menor assimetria nesta amostra. Mesmo que a análise bidimensional não ofereça todos os dados cinemáticos de um laboratório de marcha, acreditamos que pode contribuir para a avaliação de crianças com paralisia cerebral.

Two-dimensional analysis of gait asymmetry in spastic hemiplegia.

OBJECTIVE: Simple measures of gait for routine clinical use could be useful when the complex gait analysis systems are not available. The aim of this study was to quantify asymmetry in children with spastic hemiplegia using a two-dimensional gait analysis by videography and to relate the asymmetry to motor function. METHODS: Twenty-four children with spastic hemiplegia (19 males, 5 females; mean age 49 months [SD 5 months], range from 39 to 60 months) were assessed with a two-dimensional gait analysis by videography and the analyzed parameters were compared with normal values and with clinical and functional data. RESULTS: There were significant differences in swing time (p = 0.002), stance time (p = 0.01) and stance/swing time ratio (p < 0.001). The comparison with the normal values described by Sutherland also demonstrated gait asymmetry. There was no direct relationship between the motor function and asymmetry but a score analysis for specific Gross Motor Function Measure items could quantify it in terms of age of gait acquisition. Children with more adequate muscle tone presented longer stance time in the involved limb than those with more spasticity (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the best performance is associated with the smallest asymmetry in this sample. Although two-dimensional gait analysis does not provide as much data as three dimensional gait analyses, we believe it can contribute significantly to the gait assessment of children with cerebral palsy.