Characterization of structural, biochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties of the LSD1 inhibitor bomedemstat in preclinical models.

INTRODUCTION: Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is emerging as a critical mediator of tumor progression in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is increasingly recognized as an adaptive mechanism of resistance in mCRPC patients failing androgen receptor axis-targeted therapies. Safe and effective LSD1 inhibitors are necessary to determine antitumor response in prostate cancer models. For this reason, we characterize the LSD1 inhibitor bomedemstat to assess its clinical potential in NEPC as well as other mCRPC pathological subtypes. METHODS: Bomedemstat was characterized via crystallization, flavine adenine dinucleotide spectrophotometry, and enzyme kinetics. On-target effects were assessed in relevant prostate cancer cell models by measuring proliferation and H3K4 methylation using western blot analysis. In vivo, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of bomedemstat are also described. RESULTS: Structural, biochemical, and PK/PD properties of bomedemstat, an irreversible, orally-bioavailable inhibitor of LSD1 are reported. Our data demonstrate bomedemstat has >2500-fold greater specificity for LSD1 over monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and -B. Bomedemstat also demonstrates activity against several models of advanced CRPC, including NEPC patient-derived xenografts. Significant intra-tumoral accumulation of orally-administered bomedemstat is measured with micromolar levels achieved in vivo (1.2 ± 0.45 µM at the 7.5 mg/kg dose and 3.76 ± 0.43 µM at the 15 mg/kg dose). Daily oral dosing of bomedemstat at 40 mg/kg/day is well-tolerated, with on-target thrombocytopenia observed that is rapidly reversible following treatment cessation. CONCLUSIONS: Bomedemstat provides enhanced specificity against LSD1, as revealed by structural and biochemical data. PK/PD data display an overall safety profile with manageable side effects resulting from LSD1 inhibition using bomedemstat in preclinical models. Altogether, our results support clinical testing of bomedemstat in the setting of mCRPC.

A Scoping Review of the Essential Components of Emergency Medical Response Systems for Mass Casualty Incidents.

OBJECTIVE: Emergency medical (EM) response systems require extensive coordination, particularly during mass casualty incidents (MCIs). The recognition of preparedness gaps and contextual priorities to MCI response capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) can be better understood through the components of EM reponse systems. This study aims to delineate essential components and provide a framework for effective emergency medical response to MCIs. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using 4 databases. Title and abstract screening was followed by full-text review. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes pertaining to the essential components and integration of EM response systems. RESULTS: Of 20,456 screened citations, 181 articles were included in the analysis. Seven major and 40 sub-themes emerged from the content analysis as the essential components and supportive elements of MCI medical response. The essential components of MCI response were integrated into a framework demonstrating interrelated connections between essential and supportive elements. CONCLUSIONS: Definitions of essential components of EM response to MCIs vary considerably. Most literature pertaining to MCI response originates from high income countries with far fewer reports from LMICs. Integration of essential components is needed in different geopolitical and economic contexts to ensure an effective MCI emergency medical response.

Development and Usability of a Text Messaging Program for Women With Gestational Diabetes: Mixed Methods Study.

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 5%-10% of pregnancies and can lead to serious fetal and maternal complications. SMS text messaging is an effective way to improve diabetes management outside of pregnancy, but has not been well studied in GDM. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to perform user experience testing and assess usability and acceptability of an SMS text messaging program (Text 4 Success) for women with GDM. METHODS: An automated 2-way texting program was developed. It included (1) reminders to check blood glucose levels, (2) positive feedback to user-reported glucose levels, (3) weekly educational messages, and (4) weekly motivational messages. For the user experience testing, women received simulated messages. For the usability study, women were enrolled in the program and received messages for 2 weeks. All women participated in semistructured interviews. For women in the usability study, data from glucose measuring devices were downloaded to assess adherence to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), measured as the percentage of recommended SMBG checks performed (a secondary outcome). RESULTS: Ten women participated in user experience testing. Suggestions for optimization included further customization of message timing and minimization of jargon, which were incorporated. Ten women participated in the usability study. All 10 would recommend the program to other women with GDM. Participants liked the immediate feedback to glucose values. Suggestions included further flexibility of messages related to mealtimes and the ability to aggregate blood glucose data into a table or graph. Overall, adherence to SMBG testing was high at baseline (222/238 recommended checks, 93%). In comparing the week prior to the trial with the 2 weeks during the trial, there was a small but statistically insignificant difference (P=.48) in the percentage of recommended SMBG performed (median 93% [25th-75th IQR 89%-100%] vs median 97% [25th-75th IQR 92%-100%]). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, women with GDM would recommend the Text 4 Success in GDM program and think it is helpful for GDM self-management. The program was usable and acceptable. The program may be better suited to those who have low levels of adherence to SMBG at baseline or to women at time of their diagnosis of GDM. Adaptations to the program will be made based on user suggestions. Further study of SMS text messaging to improve SMBG in GDM is needed.

Postoperative opioid prescribing patterns in the geriatric patient population.

BACKGROUND: Opioid prescription patterns in elderly patients undergoing general surgery are not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to identify trends in postoperative opioid prescriptions in geriatric patients undergoing general surgery procedures and determine prescribing differences between the geriatric and non-geriatric patient population. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated geriatric and non-geriatric patients undergoing the most frequently performed open and laparoscopic general surgery procedures at our institution from 2014 to 2019. Differences in opioid prescriptions between the groups were analyzed. RESULTS: We identified 5874 non-geriatric and 3306 geriatrics patients who underwent the included procedures at our institution. 5169 (88.0%) of non-geriatric patients and 2692 (81.4%) of geriatric patients received a perioperative opioid prescription. While the vast majority of both groups were prescribed opioids, geriatric patients were less likely to receive an opioid prescription (p < 0.0001). Between 2016 and 2019, the amount of opioid prescribed in the geriatric population decreased each year (p < 0.0001). Prescription amounts were significantly higher in geriatric patients aged 65-74 compared to patients 85 or older (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals older than 65 years of age represent a growing percent of the population and there is a need to better understand opioid prescribing practices in this complex patient group. Postoperative opioid prescribing patterns differ significantly between the geriatric and non-geriatric patient population and warrant further investigation.

Pandemic Birthing: Childbirth Satisfaction, Perceived Health Care Bias, and Postpartum Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on birth satisfaction and perceived health care discrimination during childbirth, and in turn, the influence of these birth experiences on postpartum health. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional, bilingual web survey of 237 women who gave birth at two hospitals in New York City and assessed patient-reported experience and outcomes following the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the New York region. We ascertained SARS-CoV-2 status at delivery from the electronic medical record using participant-reported name and date of birth. We compared birth experience during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 15, 2020-May 11, 2020) to a pre-pandemic response period (January 1, 2020-March 14, 2020). We estimated risk ratios for associations between birth experience and anxiety, depressive symptoms, stress, birth-related PTSD, emergency department visits, timely postpartum visit, and exclusive breastfeeding. Multivariable models adjusted for age, race-ethnicity, insurance, education, parity, BMI, previous experience of maltreatment/abuse and cesarean delivery. RESULTS: Women who gave birth during the peak of the pandemic response, and those that were SARS-CoV-2 positive, Black, and Latina, had lower birth satisfaction and higher perceived health care discrimination. Women with lower birth satisfaction were more likely to report higher postpartum anxiety, stress, depressive symptoms, and lower exclusive breastfeeding. Experiencing one or more incident of health care discrimination was associated with higher levels of postpartum stress and birth-related PTSD. CONCLUSION: Hospitals and policy-makers should institute measures to safeguard against a negative birth experience during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among birthing people of color.

Testing encoding specificity and the diagnostic feature-detection theory of eyewitness identification, with implications for showups, lineups, and partially disguised perpetrators.

The diagnostic feature-detection theory (DFT) of eyewitness identification is based on facial information that is diagnostic versus non-diagnostic of suspect guilt. It primarily has been tested by discounting non-diagnostic information at retrieval, typically by surrounding a single suspect showup with good fillers to create a lineup. We tested additional DFT predictions by manipulating the presence of facial information (i.e., the exterior region of the face) at both encoding and retrieval with a large between-subjects factorial design (N = 19,414). In support of DFT and in replication of the literature, lineups yielded higher discriminability than showups. In support of encoding specificity, conditions that matched information between encoding and retrieval were generally superior to mismatch conditions. More importantly, we supported several DFT and encoding specificity predictions not previously tested, including that (a) adding non-diagnostic information will reduce discriminability for showups more so than lineups, and (b) removing diagnostic information will lower discriminability for both showups and lineups. These results have implications for police deciding whether to conduct a showup or a lineup, and when dealing with partially disguised perpetrators (e.g., wearing a hoodie).

Health, behavior, and management: impact on interpersonal relations / Salud, comportamiento y gestión: impactos en las relaciones interpersonales / Saúde, comportamento e gestão: impactos nas relações interpessoais

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the factors impacting interpersonal relations in the nursing field. Method: cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive, and exploratory study conducted with 213 nursing workers from a university hospital: 54 nurses, 69 nursing technicians, and 90 nursing aids. Data were collected from July to August 2016 using a semi-structured questionnaire addressing the participants' characteristics and those of the work process, and a validated self-report questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, and linear regression were performed, adopting a p-value<0.05. Results: affective constructions obtained the highest mean (4.62), showing this construct strengthen interpersonal relations at work, followed by administrative actions with a mean equal to 3.86, also a positive factor for interpersonal relations; however, workers seldom perceive their relational difficulties (1.72). The most significant factors were physical and emotional weariness accruing from interpersonal relations (p=0.000) and perception of emotional instability when facing relationship difficulties (p=0.010). Conclusion: interpersonal relations in the nursing field impact the workers' health, with the potential to cause physical and emotional weariness though managerial actions and the workers' behaviors also influence interpersonal relations. Thus, actions are needed to promote healthy interpersonal relations within institutions such as regular meetings and managerial support, fostering respect, cordiality, and empathy.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores que impactan en las relaciones interpersonales en la enfermería. Método: estudio transversal, cuantitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, realizado en 213 trabajadores de enfermería en un hospital universitario; entre estos eran: 54 enfermeros, 69 técnicos de enfermería y 90 auxiliares de enfermería. La recogida de datos se realizó entre julio y agosto de 2016, por medio de un cuestionario semiestructurado con preguntas para identificar las características de los participantes y del proceso de trabajo; también, se utilizó un cuestionario autoaplicable validado. Se realizaron: el análisis estadístico descriptivo, el test de correlación de Pearson y el análisis de variancia y regresión; se adoptó el p-valor <0,05. Resultados: se verificó que las construcciones afectivas fortalecen las relaciones interpersonales en el trabajo, la que presentó la mayor media (4,62), seguida por las acciones administrativas, como factor positivo para las relaciones interpersonales, con media (3,86); sin embargo, los trabajadores casi nunca perciben sus dificultades relacionales (1,72). Los factores de mayor efecto fueron: el desgaste físico y emocional, como consecuencia de las relaciones interpersonales (p=0,000); y, la percepción de inestabilidad emocional delante de las dificultades de relación (p=0,010). Conclusión: las relaciones interpersonales en la enfermería impactan en la salud de los trabajadores, pudiendo causar desgastes físicos y emocionales; sin embargo, las acciones administrativas y los factores comportamentales de los trabajadores afectan las relaciones interpersonales; así, es necesario desarrollar acciones para el establecimiento de relaciones interpersonales saludables, en las instituciones, por ejemplo: realizar reuniones periódicas; apoyar al liderazgo; y, estimular el respeto, cordialidad y empatía.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os fatores que impactam nas relações interpessoais na enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório, realizado com 213 trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital universitário, entre estes 54 enfermeiros, 69 técnicos de enfermagem e 90 auxiliares de enfermagem. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre julho e agosto de 2016, por meio de um questionário semiestruturado com questões para identificação das características dos participantes e das características do processo de trabalho e um questionário autoaplicável validado. Realizaram-se análise estatística descritiva, teste de correlação de Pearson, análise de variância e regressão linear, adotando-se o p-valor <0,05. Resultados: verificou-se que as construções afetivas fortalecem as relações interpessoais no trabalho, apresentando maior média (4,62), seguidas pelas ações gerenciais como fator positivo para as relações interpessoais com média (3,86), entretanto os trabalhadores quase nunca autopercebem suas dificuldades relacionais (1,72). Os fatores de maior efeito foram os desgastes físicos e emocionais em decorrência das relações interpessoais (p=0,000) e percepção de instabilidade emocional perante as dificuldades de relacionamento (p=0,010). Conclusão: as relações interpessoais na enfermagem impactam na saúde dos trabalhadores, podendo causar desgastes físicos e emocionais, contudo ações gerenciais e fatores comportamentais dos trabalhadores afetam as relações interpessoais, devendo-se desenvolver ações para o estabelecimento de relações interpessoais saudáveis nas instituições, como reuniões periódicas, apoio da chefia, estímulo ao respeito, cordialidade e empatia.

Diabetes Risk and Control in Multi-ethnic US Immigrant Populations.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The goal of this review is to assess current evidence on diabetes risk and control among adult immigrants in the USA. RECENT FINDINGS: Patterns of diabetes risk in US immigrants may reflect global diabetes trends. Asian, Black, and Latinx immigrants all see a diabetes disadvantage relative to US-born Whites. Diabetes risk in Asian immigrants also surpasses US-born Asians. Relative diabetes risk among all groups increases with time in the USA. Research to explain patterns in diabetes risk and control among immigrants has broadened from lifestyle factors to include multi-level, life course influences on trajectories of risk. Some determinants are shared across groups, such as structural racism, healthcare access, and migration stress, whereas others such as diet are embedded in sending country culture. Current literature on diabetes in immigrant populations suggests a need to shift towards a transnational lens and macro-level social determinants of health framework to understand diabetes risk and potential prevention factors.

Construction and validation of a tool to assess nursing interpersonal relations.

OBJECTIVE: construct and validate a tool to identify the factors that influence interpersonal relations and the health of nursing workers in a University Hospital in the South of Brazil. METHOD: methodological study, in nine steps. The face validation was carried out, with the participation of five experts, professor nurses doctors in Nursing, content with 26 nurses, stricto sensu Nursing Postgraduate students, and the validation of the construct was performed through a quantitative approach with 213 nursing workers. We used the exploratory factorial analysis and the Cronbach's Alpha in the validation of the construct. RESULTS: the tool consisted of 29 questions and six constructs were identified. The Cronbach's Alpha value.879 showed satisfactory internal consistency. CONCLUSION: the tool was valid and reliable for use in the assessment of interpersonal relations among nursing workers in Brazilian University Hospitals.

Construction and validation of a tool to assess nursing interpersonal relations / Construcción y validación de instrumento para evaluar las relaciones interpersonales en la Enfermeira / Construção e validação de instrumento para avaliar as relações interpessoais na Enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: construct and validate a tool to identify the factors that influence interpersonal relations and the health of nursing workers in a University Hospital in the South of Brazil. Method: methodological study, in nine steps. The face validation was carried out, with the participation of five experts, professor nurses doctors in Nursing, content with 26 nurses, stricto sensu Nursing Postgraduate students, and the validation of the construct was performed through a quantitative approach with 213 nursing workers. We used the exploratory factorial analysis and the Cronbach's Alpha in the validation of the construct. Results: the tool consisted of 29 questions and six constructs were identified. The Cronbach's Alpha value.879 showed satisfactory internal consistency. Conclusion: the tool was valid and reliable for use in the assessment of interpersonal relations among nursing workers in Brazilian University Hospitals.

RESUMEN Objetivo: construir y validar un instrumento para identificar los factores que influencian las relaciones interpersonales y la salud de los trabajadores de enfermería en un Hospital Universitario en el Sur de Brasil. Método: estudio metodológico, en nueve etapas. Se realizó la validación de cara, con la participación de cinco expertos, enfermeros docentes doctores en Enfermería, de contenido con 26 enfermeros, estudiantes de la Postgrado en Enfermería stricto sensu, y la validación de construto fue realizada mediante abordaje cuantitativo con 213 trabajadores de enfermería. En la validación del construto, se utilizó el análisis factorial exploratorio y el Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: el instrumento quedó compuesto por 29 cuestiones y se identificaron seis construtos. El valor de Alfa de Cronbach, 879 presentó consistencia interna satisfactoria. Conclusión: el instrumento se presentó válido y fidedigno para ser utilizado en la evaluación de las relaciones interpersonales entre trabajadores de enfermería en Hospitales Universitarios brasileños.

RESUMO Objetivo: construir e validar um instrumento para identificação dos fatores que influenciam as relações interpessoais e a saúde dos trabalhadores de enfermagem em um Hospital Universitário no Sul do Brasil. Método: estudo metodológico, em nove etapas. Realizou-se a validação de face, com a participação de cinco experts, enfermeiros docentes doutores em Enfermagem, de conteúdo com 26 enfermeiros, estudantes da Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem stricto sensu, e a validação de construto foi realizada mediante abordagem quantitativa com 213 trabalhadores de enfermagem. Na validação do construto, utilizou-se a análise fatorial exploratória e o Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: o instrumento ficou composto por 29 questões e foram identificados seis construtos. O valor de Alfa de Cronbach ,879 apresentou consistência interna satisfatória. Conclusão: o instrumento se apresentou válido e fidedigno para ser utilizado na avaliação das relações interpessoais entre trabalhadores de enfermagem em Hospitais Universitários brasileiros.

LSD1 Inhibition Prolongs Survival in Mouse Models of MPN by Selectively Targeting the Disease Clone.

Despite recent advances, the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are attended by considerable morbidity and mortality. Janus kinase (Jak) inhibitors such as ruxolitinib manage symptoms but do not substantially change the natural history of the disease. In this report, we show the effects of IMG-7289, an irreversible inhibitor of the epigenetically active lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) in mouse models of MPN. Once-daily treatment with IMG-7289 normalized or improved blood cell counts, reduced spleen volumes, restored normal splenic architecture, and reduced bone marrow fibrosis. Most importantly, LSD1 inhibition lowered mutant allele burden and improved survival. IMG-7289 selectively inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of JAK2 V617F cells by concomitantly increasing expression and methylation of p53, and, independently, the pro-apoptotic factor PUMA and by decreasing the levels of its antiapoptotic antagonist BCLXL. These data provide a molecular understanding of the disease-modifying activity of the LSD1 inhibitor IMG-7289 that is currently undergoing clinical evaluation in patients with high-risk myelofibrosis. Moreover, low doses of IMG-7289 and ruxolitinib synergize in normalizing the MPN phenotype in mice, offering a rationale for investigating combination therapy.

Cargas de trabalho e a saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem: revisão integrativa* / Workloads and nursing workers' health: integrative review / Cargas de trabajo y la salud del trabajador de enfermería: revisión integrativa

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar a influência das cargas de trabalho na saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem. A busca foi realizada em novembro de 2016, em quatro bases de dados, estabelecendo-se critérios de inclusão e exclusão, sendo selecionados 50 estudos. Os resultados destacam os conceitos, tipos e condições de trabalho que predispõem as cargas de trabalho, evidenciando as consequências na saúde da equipe de enfermagem por meio dos adoecimentos, que acarretam afastamentos e absenteísmo, estresse, desgastes físicos e emocionais, riscos para acidentes de trabalho, entre outros. Conclui-se que a identificação dessas influências possibilita a implementação de ações organizacionais, de prevenção de acidentes e doenças relacionadas ao trabalho (AU).

This study aimed to identify the effects of workloads on the health status of nursing workers. The search was conducted in November 2016, at four databases, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were established. At the end, 50 studies were selected. The results highlight work concepts, types and conditions, demonstrating their effects on the health status of the nursing team, which is manifested through illnesses that result in temporary absence from work (sick leaves) and absenteeism, stress, physical and emotional fatigue, risks of occupational accidents, among others. It is concluded that the identification of these effects allows the implementation of organizational actions targeted to the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases (AU).

Estudio cuyo objetivo fue identificar la influencia de las cargas de trabajo en la salud del trabajador de enfermería. La búsqueda fue realizada en noviembre de 2016, en cuatro bases de datos, bajo los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, siendo seleccionados 50 estudios. Se destacan los conceptos, tipos y condiciones de trabajo que predisponen las cargas de trabajo, evidenciando las consecuencias en la salud del equipo de enfermería por medio de las enfermedades, las cuales resultan alejamiento y absentismo, estrés, desgastes físicos y emocionales, riesgos para accidentes de trabajo, entre otros. Se constata que la identificación de esas influencias posibilita la implementación de acciones organizacionales, de prevención de accidentes y enfermedades referentes al trabajo (AU).

Características empreendedoras de enfermeiras: um estudo no sul do Brasil / Entrepreneurial characteristics of nurses: a study in southern Brazil

Objetivo: identificar as características empreendedoras de enfermeiras. Método: estudo quantitativo, realizado em um hospital universitário, um hospital filantrópico e na Secretaria de saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2013, com 116 enfermeiras, por meio de aplicação do questionário Tendência Empreendedora Geral.Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e escores do questionário validado. Resultados:as enfermeiras apresentaram pontuação acima da média nas categorias: necessidade de realização e impulso e determinação; e pontuação abaixo da média nos itens autonomia e independência, tendência criativa e riscos calculados. Conclusões: os altos escores demonstram a capacidade das enfermeiras em liderar, gerenciar e atingir metas, e os escores abaixo da média evidenciaram a baixa autonomia, pouca criatividade e dificuldade em enfrentar situações de risco.

Objective: to identify the entrepreneurial characteristics of nurses. Method: quantitative study, carried out ina university hospital, a philanthropic hospital and in the Health Department. Data collection occurred in the firsthalf of 2013, with 116 nurses, through application of Entrepreneurial Trend Survey. Data were analyzed throughdescriptive statistics and scores of the validated questionnaire. Results: the nurses showed above-average scores inthe categories: need for achievement and impetus and determination; and below-average score in autonomy andindependence, creative trend and calculated risks. Conclusions: the high scores demonstrate the ability of nurses tolead, manage and achieve goals, and below-average scores evidenced low autonomy, low creativity and difficultyin facing situations of risk.

Objetivo: identificar las características emprendedoras de enfermeras. Método: estudio cuantitativo, realizado en unhospital universitario, un hospital de caridad y en el Departamento de Salud. La recolección de datos se produjo enla primera mitad de 2013, con 116 enfermeras, a través de la aplicación de la encuesta Tendencia EmprendedoraGeneral. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y las puntuaciones del cuestionario validado.Resultados: las enfermeras mostraron puntuaciones superiores a la media en las categorías: necesidad de realización e impulso y determinación; y puntuación por debajo del promedio en autonomía e independencia, tendenciacreativa y riesgos calculados. Conclusiones: las puntuaciones demuestran la capacidad de las enfermeras de lidiar,gestionar y lograr objetivos y puntuaciones menores que el promedio mostraron baja autonomía, baja creatividad ydificultad delante de situaciones de riesgo.

Aplicabilidade do indice adiposidade corporal na estimativa do percentual de gordura de jovens mulheres brasileiras / Applicability of body adiposity index in estimating body fat of young brazilian women / Aplicabilidad del indice de adiposidad corporal en la estimativa del porcentual de grasa de jovenes mujeres brasilenas

INTRODUÇÃO: A estimativa da composição corporal é um campo de estudo importante no prognóstico e diagnóstico de enfermidades degenerativas. OBJETIVO: Analisar a aplicabilidade do Índice de adiposidade corporal (IAC) e o método de dobras cutâneas. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída por 19 adultas jovens com média de idade 24,53 ± 2,65 anos, submetidas à avaliação antropométrica (circunferências e dobras cutâneas) e absorsiometria por dupla emissão de raio X (DXA). Os valores estimados foram comparados ao valor de referência por meio do teste t pareado e pela análise do nível de associação entre os métodos pela correlação de Pearson; o nível de significância foi p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Não apontaram diferenças significativas entre o percentual de gordura estimado pelo IAC e os valores de referência, porém, tiveram nível de associação moderado (r = 0,627). No entanto, o método de dobras cutâneas apresentou diferença estatística significante (p > 0,05) com nível de associação forte (r = 0,879). CONCLUSÃO: Embora o IAC não apresente diferença para os valores estimados, fica evidente a necessidade de mais estudos sobre a aplicabilidade do método na população brasileira. .

INTRODUCTION: The estimation of body composition is an important study field in the prognosis and diagnosis of degenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the applicability of the Body Adiposity Index (BAI) and the skinfold thickness method. METHODS: The sample consisted of 19 young adult women with a mean age 24.53 ± 2.65 years, who underwent anthropometric measurements (circumferences and skinfold thickness) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The estimated values were compared to the reference value by using the paired t test and by analysis of the level of association between the methods through the Pearson correlation. The level of significance was p<0.05. RESULTS: Showed no significant differences between the fat percentage estimated by the BAI and the reference values, however had moderate level of association (r=0.627). Nevertheless, the skinfold thickness method showed statistically significant difference (p>0.05) with a strong association level (r = 0.879). CONCLUSION: Although the BAI does not show difference to the estimated values, it is clear that further studies on the applicability of the method in the Brazilian population are necessary. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: La estimativa de la composición corporal es un campo de estudio importante en el pronóstico y diagnóstico de enfermedades degenerativas. OBJETIVO: Analizar la aplicabilidad del Índice de Adiposidad Corporal (IAC) y el método de pliegues cutáneos. MÉTODOS: La muestra fue constituida por 19 adultas jóvenes con promedio de edad de 24,53 ± 2,65 años, sometidas a evaluación antropométrica (circunferencias y pliegues cutáneos) y absorciometría por doble emisión de rayo X (DXA). Los valores estimados fueron comparados al valor de referencia por medio del test t pareado y por el análisis del nivel de asociación entre los métodos por la correlación de Pearson; el nivel de significancia fue de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: No apuntaron diferencias significativas entre el porcentual de grasa estimado por el IAC y los valores de referencia, no obstante, tuvieron nivel de asociación moderado (r = 0,627). Por otro lado, el método de pliegues cutáneos presentó diferencia estadística significativa (p > 0,05) con nivel de asociación fuerte (r = 0,879). CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque el IAC no presente diferencia para los valores estimados, queda evidente la necesidad de más estudios sobre la aplicabilidad del método en la población brasileña. .

Identifying off-target effects and hidden phenotypes of drugs in human cells.

We present a strategy for identifying off-target effects and hidden phenotypes of drugs by directly probing biochemical pathways that underlie therapeutic or toxic mechanisms in intact, living cells. High-content protein-fragment complementation assays (PCAs) were constructed with synthetic fragments of a mutant fluorescent protein ('Venus', EYFP or both), allowing us to measure spatial and temporal changes in protein complexes in response to drugs that activate or inhibit particular pathways. One hundred and seven different drugs from six therapeutic areas were screened against 49 different PCA reporters for ten cellular processes. This strategy reproduced known structure-function relationships and also predicted 'hidden,' potent antiproliferative activities for four drugs with novel mechanisms of action, including disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. A simple algorithm identified a 25-assay panel that was highly predictive of antiproliferative activity, and the predictive power of this approach was confirmed with cross-validation tests. This study suggests a strategy for therapeutic discovery that identifies novel, unpredicted mechanisms of drug action and thereby enhances the productivity of drug-discovery research.

Optical coding of mammalian cells using semiconductor quantum dots.

Cell-based assays are widely used to screen compounds and study complex phenotypes. Few methods exist, however, for multiplexing cellular assays or labeling individual cells in a mixed cell population. We developed a generic encoding method for cells that is based on peptide-mediated delivery of quantum dots (QDs) into live cells. The QDs are nontoxic and photostable and can be imaged using conventional fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry systems. We created unique fluorescent codes for a variety of mammalian cell types and show that our encoding method has the potential to create > 100 codes. We demonstrate that QD cell codes are compatible with most types of compound screening assays including immunostaining, competition binding, reporter gene, receptor internalization, and intracellular calcium release. A multiplexed calcium assay for G-protein-coupled receptors using QDs is demonstrated. The ability to spectrally encode individual cells with unique fluorescent barcodes should open new opportunities in multiplexed assay development and greatly facilitate the study of cell/cell interactions and other complex phenotypes in mixed cell populations.