ABSTRACT
3-D printing the structural components of facemasks and personal protective equipment (PPE) based on 3-D facial scans creates a high degree of customizability. As a result, the facemask fits more comfortably with its user's specific facial characteristics, filters contaminants more effectively with its increased sealing effect, and minimizes waste with its cleanable and reusable plastic structure compared to other baseline models. In this work, 3-D renditions of the user's face taken with smartphone laser scanning techniques were used to generate customized computer-aided design (CAD) models for the several components of an N95 respirator, which are each designed with considerations for assembly and 3-D printing constraints. Thorough analyses with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out to verify the respirator's efficiency in filtering airborne contaminants to comply with industry safety guidelines and generate data to showcase the relationships between various input and output design parameters. This involved a comparative study to identify the ideal cross-sectional geometry of exposed filter fabric, a sensitivity study to evaluate the respirator's ability to protect the user in various scenarios, and the 3-D printing of several prototypes to estimate printing time, cost of materials, and comfort level at the user's face. Results showed that the combination of different digital tools can increase efficiency in the design, performance assessment, and production of customized N95-rated respirators.
Subject(s)
N95 Respirators , Respiratory Protective Devices , Hydrodynamics , Personal Protective Equipment , Printing, Three-Dimensional , Equipment DesignABSTRACT
O programa Caminhada Orientada em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) ocorre em quatro USFs em um contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social do município de São Carlos, SP, em parceria com a Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). O programa visa a promoção de saúde através da prática de exercícios físicos em conjunto com ações educativas de promoção de saúde. A equipe de trabalho é formada por profissionais das USFs, bem como docentes, graduandos e egressos dos cursos de Gerontologia e Educação Física. Resultados gerais mostram que houve um aumento de 87,6 (±10,1) para 204,1 (±23,7) minutos semanais nos domínios de deslocamento e lazer somados. Além disso, 78,5% da equipe de profissionais das USFs relataram se sentir envolvido na aplicação da intervenção. Programas desse modelo podem ser aplicados na Atenção Básica (AB) de Saúde, de modo a garantir a equidade das ações do Sistema Único de Saúde.
The Walking program in Family Health Units (USF) occurs in four Units Health in a context of high social vulnerability of São Carlos, SP, in partnership with the Federal University of São Carlos. The program is aimed at health promotion through physical exercise added with educational activities for health promotion. The team consists of professionals from USF, teachers, undergraduates and graduates of Gerontology and Physical Education. Overall results show that there was an increase of 87.6 (±10.1) to 204.1 (±23.7) minutes per week in transportation and leisure time combined. In addition, 78.5 % of health professional reported feeling involved in applying the intervention. Programs of this model can be applied in the Primary Health Care to ensure the fairness of the actions of the National Health System.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Exercise , Family Health , Walking , Social Vulnerability , Health PromotionABSTRACT
Visceral leishmaniasis is an infection with an insidious and disabling course caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. In Europe, it is mostly associated with HIV infection. Systemic lupus erythematosus and its treatment are associated with increased risk of infection, neoplastic and concomitant autoimmune disorders. The association of these diseases may go unnoticed. A 60 year-old Caucasian woman with lupus presented with a one-year history of fever, malaise, weakness and weight loss. The highlights on physical examination were pallor, palpable hepatosplenomegaly and low-grade fever. Blood tests showed pancytopenia, hyperproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia and hypergammaglobulinemia; electrophoresis showed a polyclonal gamma curve. Full-body CT scan revealed massive hepatosplenomegaly. Microbiology investigation was negative for the most common pathogens, including tuberculosis. There were no signs of hematologic malignancy in the bone marrow smear. PCR for Leishmania infantum was positive both in blood and bone marrow. The patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin B, and immunosuppression was adjusted. She showed rapid clinical improvement and 6 months later had no signs of disease. The differential diagnosis in a patient with lupus presenting with fever and multisystemic manifestations includes infectious or neoplastic disorders. The patient lived in an endemic area of Leishmania, and typical clinical and analytical changes were all present, making this case highly educational. The case highlights the importance of a patient's epidemiological background and how it can lead to the diagnosis and timely treatment of a rare disease.
