ABSTRACT
Interconnected systems with critical infrastructures can be affected by small failures that may trigger a large-scale cascade of failures, such as blackouts in power grids. Vulnerability indices provide quantitative measures of a network resilience to component failures, assessing the break of information or energy flow in a system. Here, we focus on a network vulnerability analysis, that is, indices based solely on the network structure and its static characteristics, which are reliably available for most complex networks. This work studies the structural connectivity of power grids, assessing the main centrality measures in network science to identify vulnerable components (transmission lines or edges) to attacks and failures. Specifically, we consider centrality measures that implicitly model the power flow distribution in power systems. This framework allow us to show that the efficiency of the power flow in a grid can be highly sensitive to attacks on specific (central) edges. Numerical results are presented for randomly generated power-grid models and established power-grid benchmarks, where we demonstrate that the system's energy efficiency is more vulnerable to attacks on edges that are central to the power flow distribution. We expect that the vulnerability indices investigated in our work can be used to guide the design of structurally resilient power grids.
Subject(s)
Humans , Racial Groups , HIV , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Prejudice , Health , 51835ABSTRACT
A aquisição de determinadas doenças, principalmente as transmissíveis por sangue ou derivados pode acometer os profissionais da área de saúde, destacando-se dentre elas, a hepatite B. O vírus da hepatite B representa um importante problema de saúde pública mundial e é responsável por altos índices de morbidade e mortalidade. A hepatite B é uma das enfermidades infecciosas cuja eliminação ou erradicação é alcançável, mas continua constituindo um sério problema entre os trabalhadores de saúde, que são um grupo de risco importante para adquirir esta infecção.
