ABSTRACT
Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer among men, being considered a cancer of the elderly because about three quarters of cases worldwide occur in individuals aged 65 and over. Anxiety, depression and stress are three emotional states understood as psychological morbidity factors, and they interfere with the patient's adaptation to the diagnosis. The present study aimed to identify anxiety, depression and stress levels in men with prostate cancer, describing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and investigating whether the influence of such characteristics on the emotional symptoms of patients is significant. Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach performed in two public hospitals with patients preoperatively for prostatectomy. Two instruments were used, one covering sociodemographic and clinical aspects of the patients, and the other was the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21)-Short Form. In the statistical analysis, the Pearson correlation test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate the variables of interest, considering the significance level of 0.05. As a preliminary study, 31 patients were interviewed. The results indicated a predominant age of 60 years or older (72.4%), 71% of men had low level of education, and 51.6% did not have partner. The mean scores obtained in the DASS-21 were 2.84 (SD = 3.925) for depression; 3.68 (SD = 3.655) for anxiety; and 6.71 (SD = 6.92) for stress. The results revealed no significant correlation between these constructs and the variables of interest. However, a descriptive analysis of the data showed a minimal correlation of anxiety (r = 0.191) and stress (r = 0.149) with the numerical variable time since diagnosis. In conclusion, the results presented important questions related to prostate cancer diagnosis, involving patients' marital status, religion and cancer staging.
O câncer de próstata é o segundo tipo de neoplasia mais comum entre os homens, sendo considerado um câncer da terceira idade, uma vez que cerca de três quartos dos casos no mundo ocorrem a partir dos 65 anos. Ansiedade, depressão e estresse são três estados emocionais, entendidos como fatores de morbidade psicológica, que interferem na adaptação do paciente ao diagnóstico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e estresse em homens com câncer de próstata; descrever as características sociodemográficas e clínicas e verificar se a influência de tais características é significativa sobre os sintomas emocionais dos pacientes. Estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em duas instituições hospitalares públicas com os pacientes no pré-operatório para prostatectomia. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos, referente a questões sociodemográficas e clínicas dos pacientes; e a Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse: Forma reduzida - DASS-21. Para a análise estatística, foi realizado o teste de correlação de Pearson, e o teste U de Mann-Whitney para avaliar as variáveis de interesse, considerando-se o nível de significância igual a 0,05. Tratando-se de um estudo preliminar, foram entrevistados 31 pacientes, onde os resultados apontaram uma idade predominante de 60 anos ou mais (72,4%), 71% de homens com baixo nível de escolaridade e 51,6% dos entrevistados não possuíam companheiras. As pontuações médias obtidas pelo instrumento do DASS-21 foram: 2,84 (DP = 3,925) para depressão; 3,68 (DP = 3,655) para ansiedade e 6,71 (DP = 6,92) para estresse. Os resultados não revelaram nenhuma correlação significativa entre esses constructos e as variáveis de interesse. No entanto, ao analisar nossos dados de forma descritiva, conseguimos observar mínimas correlações dos sintomas de ansiedade (r = 0,191) e estresse (r = 0,149) com a variável numérica: tempo desde o diagnóstico. Em conclusão, os resultados apresentaram questões importantes relacionadas ao diagnóstico do câncer de próstata, envolvendo o estado civil dos pacientes, a religião e o estadiamento do câncer.
Subject(s)
Anxiety , Prostatic Neoplasms , Stress, Psychological , Depression , Preoperative PeriodABSTRACT
Este trabalho foi realizado em três áreas degradadas em processo de regeneração natural em Diamantina, MG. O objetivo do trabalho foi relacionar a distribuição da abundância das espécies colonizadoras com as variáveis ambientais. As comunidades das áreas degradadas pelo garimpo de diamante (ADGD) e ouro (ADGO), assim como, pelo processo de voçorocamento (ADV) contou com 50 (10 x 10 m), 30 (10 x 10 m) e 36 (5 x 3m) parcelas, respectivamente, nas quais foram mensurados todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos vivos encontrados nas parcelas com DAS30 3 cm. Da mesma forma, em cada parcela, foi coletada uma amostra composta do substrato superficial (0-20 cm), sendo analisados os parâmetros físicos, químicos e topográficos. Para analisar as correlações entre os gradientes ambientais e vegetacionais foi empregada a Análise de Correspondência Canônica (CCA). No geral foram amostrados 1.152 indivíduos, pertencentes a 16 famílias e 38 espécies, sendo 153 indivíduos, 5 famílias e 9 espécies pertencentes a ADGD; 921 indivíduos, 16 famílias e 36 espécies pertencentes a ADGO e 78 indivíduos, 9 famílias e 11 espécies pertencentes a ADV. Verificou-se que houve relação entre os gradientes ambientais e a abundância e composição florística da vegetação colonizadora, ficando a maioria das espécies mais fortemente correlacionada com as variáveis desnível, M.O, m e umidade.
This study was conducted in three areas degraded in the process of natural regeneration in Diamantina, MG. The aimed of work was to relate the abundance distribution of the colonizing species with environmental variables. The communities of areas degraded by mining diamond (ADGD) and gold (ADGO), as well as the process of voçorocamento (ADV) had 50 (10 x 10 m), 30 (10 x 10 m) and 36 (5 x 3m) plots respectively were measured all individuals shrubs and trees living found in plots with DAS30 3 cm. Likewise, in each plot, a composite sample was collected from the substrate surface (0-20 cm) were analyzed the physical and chemical parameters. To analyze the correlations between environmental gradients and vegetation was used Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Overall 1152 individuals were sampled, belonging to 16 families and 38 species, and, 153 individuals, families 5 and 9 species of ADGD, 921 individuals, 16 families and 36 species belonging to ADGO and 78 individuals, 9 families and 11 species belonging ADV. There was a relationship between environmental gradients and floristic composition and abundance of colonizing vegetation, most species being more strongly correlated with the variables elevation M.O, m and moisture.
Subject(s)
Multivariate Analysis , Environment , Environmental Restoration and RemediationABSTRACT
This study examines how habitat structure affects the home range use of a group of Brachyteles hypoxanthus in the Brigadeiro State Park, Brazil. It has been reported that most of the annual feeding time of woolly spider monkeys is spent eating leaves, but they prefer fruits when available. We hypothesise that the protein-to-fibre ratio (PF; best descriptor of habitat quality for folivorous primates) is a better descriptor of habitat quality and abundance for these primates than the structural attributes of forests (basal area is the best descriptor of habitat quality for frugivorous primates of Africa and Asia). We evaluated plant community structure, successional status, and PF of leaf samples from the dominant tree populations, both within the core and from a non-core area of the home range of our study group. Forest structure was a combination of stem density and basal area of dominant tree populations. The core area had larger trees, a higher forest basal area, and higher stem density than the non-core area. Mean PF did not differ significantly between these sites, although PF was influenced by differences in tree regeneration guilds. Large-bodied monkeys could be favoured by later successional stages of forests because larger trees and denser stems prevent the need for a higher expenditure of energy for locomotion as a consequence of vertical travel when the crowns of trees are disconnected in early successional forests. Forest structure variables (such as basal area of trees) driven by succession influence woolly spider monkey abundance in a fashion similar to frugivorous monkeys of Asia and Africa, and could explain marked differences in ranging behaviour and home range use by B. hypoxanthus.
