Representações sociais sobre uso de cannabis entre jovens: estudo comparativo / Social representações of cannabis use among youngsters: comparative study / Representaciones sociales de la cannabis entre los jóvenes: estudio comparativo

Buscou-se identificar e comparar as representações sociais sobre o consumo da maconha na perspectiva de dois grupos de jovens: frequentadores de uma universidade pública, e participantes não-universitários de um projeto social com oriundos de bairros periféricos. Os dados foram coletados em grupos focais, cada um com seis participantes, sendo a análise fundamentada na teoria das representações sociais e operacionalizada pela análise temática. Foram delimitadas categorias a posteriori: imagens da maconha, visão dos familiares, papel/lugar da maconha, motivação/influência para o uso, contexto de uso, posicionamento da escola/universidade e consequências. Observaram-se aproximações entre os grupos sobre a percepção de inocuidade da maconha por ser produto natural e a dificuldade de dialogar a respeito com os familiares, mas também diferenças, por exemplo, quanto a ser ou não a maconha porta de entrada para outras drogas. Discutir sobre a maconha ainda gera resistências e traz tabus, acentuando a necessidade de promoção de diálogos (AU).

We sought to identify and compare the social representations of marijuana use from the perspective of two groups of young people: those attending a public university, and non-university participants attending a social project with people from suburbs. Data were collected in focus groups, each with six participants, and the analysis was based upon the theory of social representations and carried out through thematic analysis. A posteriori categories were delimited: images of marijuana, family members' view, marijuana's role/place, motivation/influence for use, context of use, school/university positioning and consequences. There were similarities between the groups regarding the perception of the safety of marijuana as a natural product and the difficulty of talking about it within the family, but also differences, for example, as to whether or not marijuana is the gateway to other drugs. Discussing marijuana still generates resistance and brings taboos, accentuating the need to promote dialogues (AU).

Se buscó identificar y comparar representaciones sociales del consumo de marihuana desde dos grupos de jóvenes: los que asisten a una universidad pública y los participantes no universitarios en un proyecto social con personas de los barrios periféricos. Los datos se recolectaron en grupos focales, cada uno con seis participantes, y el análisis se basó en la teoría de las representaciones sociales mediante análisis temático. Se delimitaron categorías a posteriori: imágenes de la marihuana, visión de los familiares, rol/lugar de la marihuana, motivación/influencia para el uso, contexto de uso, posicionamiento de la escuela/universidad y consecuencias. Hubo similitudes en cuanto a la percepción de la seguridad de la marihuana y la dificultad de hablar con los familiares, pero también diferencias, por ejemplo, si la marihuana es o no la puerta de entrada. Hablar de la marihuana aún genera resistencias y trae tabúes, lo que acentúa la necesidad del diálogo (AU).

A new method for the performance of external chest compressions during hypogravity simulation.

INTRODUCTION: 2015 UK resuscitation guidelines aim for 50-60 mm depth when giving external chest compressions (ECCs). This is achievable in hypogravity if the rescuer flexes and extends their arms during CPR, or using a new method trialed; the 'Mackaill-Russomano' (MR CPR) method. METHODS: 10 participants performed 3 sets of 30 ECCs in accordance with 2015 guidelines. A control was used at 1Gz, with eight further conditions using Mars and Moon simulations, with and without braces in the terrestrial position and using the MR CPR method. The MR CPR method involved straddling the mannequin, using its legs for stabilization. A body suspension device, with counterweights, simulated hypogravity environments. ECC depth, rate, angle of arm flexion and heart rate (HR) were measured. RESULTS: Participants completed all conditions, and ECC rate was achieved throughout. Mean (±â€¯SD) ECC depth using the MR CPR method at 0.38Gz was 54.1 ±â€¯0.55 mm with braces; 50.5 ±â€¯1.7 mm without. ECCs were below 50 mm at 0.17Gz using the MR CPR method (47.5 ±â€¯1.47 mm with braces; 47.4 ±â€¯0.87 mm without). In the terrestrial position, ECCs were more effective without braces (49.4 ±â€¯0.26 mm at 0.38Gz; 43.9 ±â€¯0.87 mm at 0.17Gz) than with braces (48.5 ±â€¯0.28 mm at 0.38Gz; 42.4 ±â€¯0.3 mm at 0.17Gz). Flexion increased from approximately 2° - 8° with and without braces respectively. HR did not change significantly from control. DISCUSSION: 2015 guidelines were achieved using the MR CPR method at 0.38Gz, with no significant difference with and without braces. Participants were closer to achieving the required ECC depth in the terrestrial position without braces. ECC depth was not achieved at 0.17Gz, due to a greater reduction in effective body weight.