ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to determine neurobehavioral and genotoxic activities of ethanol extract of Erythrina falcata Benth., Fabaceae, leaves on rats. Animals were treated with ethanol extract of E. falcata (100, 300 or 500 mg/kg; i.p.) and the open field and elevated plus-maze tasks were used as behavioral models to investigate a possible effect on the locomotor and exploratory activity and anxiety, respectively. Genotoxic effect was investigated using the Comet assay. Ethanol extract of E. falcata leaves decreased the number of crossings and rearings in the open field task and increased the latency to start locomotion, though it was not able to affect habituation to apparatus measured 24h after the first session. Behavioral parameters in the plus-maze test were not affected by E. falcata. Ethanol extract did not increase damage index and damage frequency in blood or brain, indicating no genotoxic effect. The results suggest that ethanol extract of E. falcata leaves was able to affect locomotion, exploration, and motivation of animals without anxiolytic/anxiogenic effect, indicating a possible depressant action on the central nervous system. Furthermore, the lack of DNA damage in brain is an indicative that ethanol extract of E. falcata leaves may not induce neurotoxic effects.
ABSTRACT
Justificativa e objetivos - A separaçäo de gêmeos unidos causa grande interesse devido à complexidade da anestesia e cirurgia, à raridade da patologia e às poucas chances de sobrevida. O objetivo desta descriçäo é o de contribuir para a literatura existente, relatando os desafios encontrados por nossa equipe no atendimento à cirurgiaðanestesia de separaçäo de gêmeos isquiópagos. Relato de caso - Pacientes gêmeos, nascidos a termo, de parto cesariano, pesando juntos 5.100 g. classificados como isquiópagus tetrapus. Duas equipes anestésico-cirúrgicas estavam presentes, sendo o procedimento anestésico esquematizado com aparelho de anestesia, cardioscópio, capnógrafo, oxímetro de pulso, termômetro elétrico, estetoscópio esofágico, todos em dobro. Realizou-se induçäo anestésica com halotano e fentanil, com os gêmeos em posiçäo lateral e com rotaçäo da cabeça em 45º para facilitar a intubaçäo traqueal. Os recém-nascidos foram mantidos em ventilaçäo controlada manualmente, utilizando o sistema de Rees-Baraka. A anestesia foi mantida com halotano, oxigênio e fentanil. Durante o per-operatório, foram encontrados órgäos abdominais duplos, com exceçäo do cólon, que era único. As bexigas e os isquios estavam ligados. Ao final da cirurgia as duas crianças apresentavam-se com sinais vitais estáveis. Os gêmeos permaneceram na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) Neonatal por quatro semanas e receberam alta em bom estado geral. Conclusões - Ressalta-se a importância do entrosamento da equipe, do estudo retrospectivo multidisciplinar, da monitorizaçäo adequada e acurada observaçäo clínica; todos esses fatos contribuíram para a boa evoluçäo e alta dos gêmeos
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Anesthesia , Diseases in Twins , Twins, Conjoined/surgery , Infant, Newborn , Monitoring, PhysiologicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The separation of conjoined twins has always raised considerable interest because of surgical and anesthetic complexity, pathology rarity and few survival chances. The goal of this description was to contribute to existing literature by reporting the challenges faced by our team during an anesthetic-surgical procedure for ischiopagus twins separation. CASE REPORT: Term conjoined twins, born from Cesarean section, weighing together 5100 g, who were classified as ischiopagus tetrapus. Two anesthetic-surgical teams were present and the anesthetic procedure was programmed using two units of each device: anesthesia machine, cardioscope, capnograph, pulse oximetry, electric thermometer and esophageal stethoscope. Halothane and fentanyl were used for anesthesia induction, with the twins in the lateral position and 45 masculine head rotation to allow tracheal intubation. Ventilation was manually controlled using Rees-Baraka systems. Anesthesia was also maintained with halothane, fentanyl and oxygen. Double abdominal organs were found during surgery, except for the single colon. Bladders and ischia were joined. At surgery completion, twins had stable vital signs. They remained in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for four weeks and were discharged in good general conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of the teams 'meshing of gears', multidisciplinary retrospective studies, adequate and careful monitoring and good clinical observation is emphasized. All those factors contributed for twins good evolution.
