Business analytics approach to artificial intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence has become an essential element for strengthening the business fabric. The advances obtained in recent years as a result of the incorporation of technology for the improvement of productive activities and the positioning of companies in the markets are remarkable. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the origin, evolution and development of business analytics (BA) and its relationship with Artificial Intelligence (AI); from the conceptualization, evolution and identification of the main characteristics and research areas of AI and BA, as well as research conducted and published in journals indexed in Scopus between 2002 and 2022. The aim is to define the incidence of BA in business activities and analyze scientific activity and advances of BA to define new research horizons in this field. For this purpose, a bibliometric and documentary analysis is applied, allowing to highlight the findings that provide recognition and comparison of the results. This will facilitate the understanding of the current dynamics, its importance for organizations, and its impact in the face of the new challenges generated by the requirements of world trade.

Comprensiones narrativas de los factores asociados al desempeño académico en estudiantes de Boyacá, Colombia / Narrative understanding of factors associated with academic performance in students of Boyacá, Colombia

Resumen El presente artículo es un estudio cualitativo de tipo narrativo cuyo objetivo principal fue comprender la relación entre los factores psicosocial, familiar e institucional, y el desempeño académico. Participaron de manera voluntaria 16 estudiantes en situación de prueba académica en dos escenarios conversacionales. Para el procesamiento de la información se diseñó una matriz de análisis que permitió categorizar las narrativas en función de los dóminos temáticos de la investigación. Los análisis de las narrativas presentadas por los estudiantes en los escenarios realizados permitieron comprender el significado de relevancia que los estudiantes le dan a la relación con el docente; la importancia del apoyo familiar como un elemento motivador; las dificultades familiares como un interferente; la influencia de los pares en la toma de decisiones, mayor interés por las actividades sociales que sobre aspectos académicos y finalmente características personales de afrontamiento evasivo con cierta regularidad frente a las dificultades académicas reportadas.

Abstract This article presents a qualitative study belonging to a narrative type, whose main objective was to understand the relationship between psychosocial, family and institutional factors and academic performance. 16 students undergoing academic trial participated voluntarily in two conversational scenarios. An analysis matrix was designed to carry out data processing through categorization of narratives according to the thematic domains of the research. The analysis of the students' narratives at the implemented scenarios allowed the comprehension of the meaning of relevance that students attribute to their relationship with teachers; the importance of family support as a motivational element and family difficulties as an interference; the influence of their peers in decision making and greater interest in social activities than academic aspects, and finally, frequent personal features of evasive coping, facing reported academic difficulties.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 3, a novel protease from Leishmania braziliensis.

The increase of leishmaniasis cases worldwide and the emergence of Leishmania strains resistant to current treatments make necessary to find new therapeutic targets. Proteases are appealing drug targets because they play pivotal roles in facilitating parasite survival and promoting pathogenesis. Enzymes belonging to the dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) group have been described in different organisms such as mammals, insects and yeast, in which these enzymes have been involved in both protein turnover and protection against oxidative damage. The aim of this work was to characterize the structure and function of the Leishmania braziliensis DPP3 (LbDPP3) protein as the first step to elucidate its suitability as a potential drug target. Sequence alignment showed 43% of identity between LbDPP3 and its human orthologous (hDPP3) enzyme. Although the modeled protein adopted a globally conserved three-dimensional (3D) structure, structural differences were found in the vicinity of the active site and the substrate binding-cleft. In addition, the Leishmania protein was expressed as a soluble recombinant protein and its kinetics parameters were determined using the z-Arginine-Arginine-AMC substrate. The LbDPP3 activity was maximal at pH values between 8.0-8.5. Interestingly, classical enzyme inhibitors such as the tynorphin and its derivative peptide IVYPW were found to actively inhibit the LbDPP3 activity. Moreover, these DPP3 inhibitors showed a detrimental effect upon parasite survival, decreasing the viability of promastigotes by up to 29%. Finally, it was observed that LbDPP3 was equally expressed along the in vitro differentiation from promastigotes to axenic amastigotes. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the L. brazileinsis DPP3 could be a promising drug target.

Prevalencia de las enfermedades autoinmunes en pacientes mayores de 13 años en el Hospital Universitario de Santander de Bucaramanga / Prevalence of autoimmune diseases in patients over the age of 13 at the University Hospital of Santander Bucaramanga

Introducción y objetivo: Las enfermedades autoinmunes afectan alrededor del 3 ­ 5% de los seres humanos, especialmente a las mujeres. Por su poca prevalencia se desconocen dato clínicos locales sobre el comportamiento de estas entidades. El objetivo es encontrar la prevalencia de las enfermedades autoinmunes en el Hospital Universitario de Santander así como realizar su caracterización clínica y sociodemográfica. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo sobre la prevalencia de enfermedades autoinmunes en el Hospital Universitario de Santander entre el 2012 y el 2016 en pacientes mayores de 13 años que ingresaron a la institución.

Hallazgos clínicos en pacientes con esclerosis sistémica en un Hospital Universitario de Santander / Clinical findings in patients with systemic sclerosis in a University Hospital of Santander

Introducción y objetivo: La esclerosis sistémica (ES) es una enfermedad crónica autoin-mune del tejido conectivo caracterizada por presentar procesos de fibrosis e inflamación anormal en el paciente afectando a nivel de los diversos órganos y sistemas. Es poco fre-cuente, su prevalencia general es de 10 por 100.000 habitantes. El objetivo del presente es-tudio fue describir la población de pacientes con ES atendidos en un hospital universitario. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo. La pobla-ción de estudio fueron pacientes mayores de 13 años con SSc que ingresaron a un hospi-tal universitario de Colombia entre el período comprendido entre los años 2012-2016.

Identification of a type I nitroreductase gene in non-virulent Trypanosoma rangeli

ABSTRACT Trypanosomatid type I nitroreductases (NTRs), i.e., mitochondrial enzymes that metabolise nitroaromatic pro-drugs, are essential for parasite growth, infection, and survival. Here, a type I NTR of non-virulent protozoan Trypanosoma rangeli is described and compared to those of other trypanosomatids. The NTR gene was isolated from KP1(+) and KP1(-) strains, and its corresponding transcript and 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) were determined. Bioinformatics analyses and nitro-drug activation assays were also performed. The results indicated that the type I NTR gene is present in both KP1(-) and KP1(+) strains, with 98% identity. However, the predicted subcellular localisation of the protein differed among the strains (predicted as mitochondrial in the KP1(+) strain). Comparisons of the domains and 3D structures of the NTRs with those of orthologs demonstrated that the nitroreductase domain of T. rangeli NTR is conserved across all the strains, including the residues involved in the interaction with the FMN cofactor and in the tertiary structure characteristics of this oxidoreductase protein family. mRNA processing and expression were also observed. In addition, T. rangeli was shown to be sensitive to benznidazole and nifurtimox in a concentration-dependent manner. In summary, T. rangeli appears to have a newly discovered functional type I NTR.

Identification of a type I nitroreductase gene in non-virulent Trypanosoma rangeli.

Trypanosomatid type I nitroreductases (NTRs), i.e., mitochondrial enzymes that metabolise nitroaromatic pro-drugs, are essential for parasite growth, infection, and survival. Here, a type I NTR of non-virulent protozoan Trypanosoma rangeli is described and compared to those of other trypanosomatids. The NTR gene was isolated from KP1(+) and KP1(-) strains, and its corresponding transcript and 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) were determined. Bioinformatics analyses and nitro-drug activation assays were also performed. The results indicated that the type I NTR gene is present in both KP1(-) and KP1(+) strains, with 98% identity. However, the predicted subcellular localisation of the protein differed among the strains (predicted as mitochondrial in the KP1(+) strain). Comparisons of the domains and 3D structures of the NTRs with those of orthologs demonstrated that the nitroreductase domain of T. rangeli NTR is conserved across all the strains, including the residues involved in the interaction with the FMN cofactor and in the tertiary structure characteristics of this oxidoreductase protein family. mRNA processing and expression were also observed. In addition, T. rangeli was shown to be sensitive to benznidazole and nifurtimox in a concentration-dependent manner. In summary, T. rangeli appears to have a newly discovered functional type I NTR.

Espondilitis anquilosante: reporte de un caso / Ankylosing spondylitis: a case report

Las espóndilo artropatías (spa) son un grupo de condiciones inflamatorias crónicas, frecuentes y eventualmente discapacitantes. Son una familia de desórdenes interrelacionados, pero heterogéneos con diferentes manifestaciones clínicas. La espondilitis anquilosante (EA) es el prototipo de este grupo de patologías, caracterizadas por un compromiso articular axial y/o periférico, entesitis, ciertas manifestaciones extra-articulares características y una fuerte asociación genética con el HLA - B27. La afectación de otros miembros de la familia del paciente es otra característica importante. La espondilitis o espóndilo artritis anquilosante es un reumatismo inflamatorio crónico que afecta de forma predominante al esqueleto axial, pelvis, columna vertebral y tórax, en especial a las articulaciones sacroilíacas, su localización más constante y característica. También puede afectar a las articulaciones periféricas y algunos pacientes desarrollan manifestaciones extraarticulares. Los varones se afectan con mayor frecuencia que las mujeres en una proporción de 3-4:1. Su prevalencia varía en función de la frecuencia del antígeno HLA-B27 en la población analizada. La frecuencia más alta se ha encontrado en ciertas tribus de indios americanos, en especial los Haida, donde un 50% de la población general posee el HLA-B27. En la raza blanca se estima una prevalencia de 2 a 10 casos por 1.000 habitantes; esta cifra es inferior en las razas negra y oriental. A continuación se presenta el caso de una mujer de 50 años con lumbalgia crónica y diagnosticada como E.A.

The spondyloarthropathies (spa) are a group of frequent chronic inflammatory conditions eventually disabling. They are a family of interrelated disorders, but they are heterogeneous with different clinical manifestations. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is the prototype of this group of diseases characterized by an axial and / or peripheral joint involvement, enthesitis, certain extra-articular manifestations and a strong genetic association with HLA - B27. The involvement of other relatives of patients is another important feature. Spondylitis or spondylo arthritis ankylosing, is a chronic inflammatory rheumatism which affects mainly the axial skeleton, pelvis, spine and thorax, especially the sacroiliac joints, its most frequent and characteristic location. It can also affect the peripheral joints and some patients develop extra-articular manifestations. Males are affected more often than females by a ratio of 3-4:1. Its prevalence varies depending on the frequency of HLA-B27 antigen in the population tested. The highest frequency has been found in certain American Indian tribes, especially the Haida Indians, where 50% of the general population has the HLA-B27. In Caucasians prevalence of 2 to 10 cases per 1,000 inhabitants is estimated; this figure is lower in black and oriental races. Here is the case of a 50 year old woman with chronic low back pain and diagnosed as AS.

Desarrollo de un simulador de movimientos mandibulares para pruebas de resistencia abrasiva de biomateriales / Development of a mandibular movement simulator for wear testing of biomaterials

El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y elaborar un Simulador de Movimientos Mandibulares (SMM) que pudiera reproducir enforma precisa los movimientos y fuerzas mandibulares de la Articulación Temporo-Mandibular (ATM) y de la mandíbula. Uncráneo humano de características antropométricas normales se duplicó en fibra de vidrio, con arcos dentales metálicos colados(Aleación de Ni-Cr), con cavidades oclusales previamente preparadas en premolares y molares. La simulación del ligamentoperiodontal se hizo con polivinilsiloxano liviano y la del disco articular con silicona. Se replicaron los movimientos de la ATM yla mandíbula con servomotores de tecnología de robótica: Apertura (45mm), cierre, lateralidad (5mm) y protrusiva (5mm), confuerzas masticatorias promedio de 200 Newtons. Se desarrolló un programa computarizado que simula los movimientosmandibulares en 12 ciclos diferentes, cada ciclo se repitió aproximadamente 4,000 veces durante las pruebas.Este estudio desarrolló una herramienta de investigación de características más reales para realizar estudios de desgaste demateriales dentales en el laboratorio.

The purpose of this study was to design and fabricate a mandibular movement simulator (MMS) that can closely reproduce themovements of the human temporomandibular joint and (TMJ) and the mandible. A human skull was duplicated in fiberglass withcast metallic teeth (Ni-Cr alloy) with occlusal cavities in premolars and molars. Light polyvinyl siloxane was used to simulate theperiodontal ligament and Medigel-Z® to simulate the TMJ disc. The TMJ and mandibular movements were simulated withrobotic technology and servomotors: Opening (45mm), closure, lateral (5 mm) and protrusive (5 mm) with an average chewingforces of 200 Newtons. Computer software was developed to simulate mandibular movements in 12 different cycles; each cyclewas typically repeated more than 4,000 times during testing. This study developed a research tool with more realistic features toperform wear test in the laboratory.

Factores que influyen en el abandono del programa de control de tuberculosis en algunos centros de salud de Arequipa, enero 1994-julio 1995

El presente trabajo se realizó en algunos establecimientos periféricos de salud de la Provincia de Arequipa (14 Centros de Salud y 10 Puestos de Salud), en los cuales se lleva el Programa de Control de Tuberculosis. Se inicio el trabajo de investigación con 68 pacientes que abandonaron el P.C.T. a partir del 1 de enero de 1994 al 30 de julio de 1995, trabajándose finalmente con 61 pacientes (2 fallecidos, 3 direcciones falsas, 2 malos registros), dicho trabajo tuvo como propósito establecer si existe relación entre: edad, sexo, procedencia, estado marital, grado de instrucción, tratamiento autoadministrado, mejoría del paciente, accesibilidad a los servicios de salud, consumo de alcohol, percepción del paciente sobre la atención en el P.C.T. con el abandono de los pacientes del P.C.T. de Arequipa. Para tal efecto se utilizó el método descriptivo con un diseño de correlación. La determinación de la población se obtuvo partiendo del estudio del cohorte de tratamiento del P.C.T. Región Arequipa primer semestre 1994, tomando aquellos Centros de Salud que presentaron porcentajes más elevados de abandono al P.C.T. seguidamente se ubicó a los pacientes de los Centros de Salud en coordinación con la enfermera responsable del P.C.T. en cada Centro de Salud, haciendo revisión del Libro de Registro y Seguimiento de Pacientes del P.C.T., Tarjetas de Control de Tratamiento y a través de las visitas domiciliarias. Ubicados los pacientes se procedió a entrevistarlos aplicandoles un formulario a través de visitas domiciliarias realizada a los pacientes que abandonaron su tratamiento, obteniéndose la información requerida, la cual se sometió a la prueva estadística del Ji cuadrado, obteniendose significancia estadística en las siguientes variables: Procedencia, grado de instrucción , accesibilidad de vivienda, disponibilidad de tiempo, tipo de tratamiento recibido, percepción del paciente sobre la mejoría durante el tratamiento, percepción sobre el tipo de atención en el P.C.T. consumo de alcohol..

Lyophilized human dura mater versus pericardium in the repair of abdominal wall defects: experimental study in guinea pigs

Foi efetuado estudo experimental em 20 cobaias, para estudo da correcao de defeitos da parede abdominal, utilizando-se dura mater humana liofilizada e pericardio humano. Em todos os animais foi criado defeito de parede abdominal de 1,5 x 1 cm no quadrante inferior direito, incluindo tecido subcutaneo, aponeurose, musculo e peritonio. Tal foi corrigido com a aposicao e fixacao aos tecidos vizinhos, atraves de pontos, de retalho de dura-mater liofilizada (Grupo I - n = 10) e de pericardio (Grupo II - n = 10). A pele era fechada com pontos separados de seda. Os animais foram sacrificados no 30§ (n = 6), 60§ (n = 6), 90§ (n = 8) dias pos-operatorios para avaliar os enxertos em microscopio optico e eletronico. Em todos os animais, houve completa integracao entre a pele e os enxertos. Nao foram encontradas aderencias entre os enxertos e as visceras intra-abdominais. Nenhuma deiscencia foi observada, bem como nao foram notados sinais de infeccao. Sempre o enxerto era encontrado recoberto por tecido de granulacao. A penetracao de fibroblastos da-se da linha de sutura ao centro dos retalhos-depositos de colageno sao ...