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1.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 78(3/4): e1-e7, mar.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-202523

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hiperleucocitosis y la hipertensión pulmonar son factores de riesgo de mortalidad en niños con tosferina maligna. Las opciones terapéuticas disponibles para estos casos graves no se encuentran bien establecidas. Población y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio ambispectivo que incluía a niños diagnosticados de tosferina ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP) de un hospital de tercer nivel en España entre enero de 2007 y octubre de 2015. Se compararon variables clínicas y demográficas entre el grupo de niños que sobrevivieron (grupo de supervivientes [GS]) y los que finalmente fallecieron (grupo exitus [EG]). RESULTADOS: Se identificaron un total de 31 pacientes. La mortalidad global fue del 19% (6/31 pacientes). Cinco niños fueron diagnosticados de hipertensión pulmonar. Cinco de seis niños que finalmente fallecieron precisaron canulación en oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO). Ocho pacientes recibieron terapia mediante exanguinotransfusión (ET). La mediana de leucocitos antes de la realización de ET fue mayor (81.300 cél./μL) en EG que en GS (57.400 cél./μL), p= 0,05. Los pacientes que fallecieron tuvieron un mayor recuento pico de leucocitos totales, linfocitos, neutrófilos y niveles de proteína C reactiva (PCR) que los niños que sobrevivieron. Las variables que se identificaron como factores de riesgo de mortalidad fueron: una frecuencia cardiaca mayor de 170 lpm (OR 18; IC del 95%: 1,7-192,0), la presencia de neumonía (OR 16,5; IC del 95%: 1,7-165) y la presencia de hipertensión pulmonar (OR 179,6 [6,4-5.027]). CONCLUSIÓN: El uso de variables sencillas como la frecuencia cardiaca, el recuento total de leucocitos o los valores de PCR pueden servir para identificar de forma precoz a pacientes con riesgo de hipertensión pulmonar y tosferina maligna, de forma que procedimientos invasivos como la ET puedan utilizarse de una forma más precoz


BACKGROUND: Hyperleukocytosis and pulmonary hypertension are risk factors for death in infants with severe pertussis. Treatment options in severe pertussis are not well-established. METHODS: We designed an ambispective study of children with pertussis admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary level hospital in Spain from January 2007 to October 2015. Clinical and demographical variables were compared between the group of children who survived (survivors group or SG) and those children who died (exitus group or EG). RESULTS: Thirty-one children were identified. Overall mortality rate was 19% (6/31 patients). Five children had pulmonary hypertension. Five out of 6 infants who eventually died had been placed on ECMO. Eight infants needed exchange transfusion (ET). Median leukocyte count immediately before exchange transfusion was higher (81300 cél./μL) in EG than in SG (57400 cél./μL), p= 0.05. Children who died had higher peak values in white blood cell counts (WBC), lymphocyte count, neutrophil counts and PCR levels than children who survived. The following variables were associated with risk of death: a heart rate above 170 bpm (OR 18, CI 95%: 1.7-192,0), the presence of pneumonia (OR 16.5, CI 95%: 1.7-165) and pulmonary hypertension (OR 179,6 [6,4-5027]. CONCLUSION: Early identification of patients at risk for pulmonary hypertension and fatal pertussis using heart rate, WBC and PCR levels would be appropriate so that invasive procedures such as exchange transfusion could be carried out precociously


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Whooping Cough/mortality , Whooping Cough/complications , Hypertension, Pulmonary/complications , Leukocytosis/complications , Whooping Cough/blood , Whooping Cough/diagnosis , Whooping Cough/therapy , Risk Factors , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Survival Analysis , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Intensive Care Units
2.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 93(4): 193-197, abr. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-173117

ABSTRACT

CASO CLÍNICO: Una joven mujer fue referida por compromiso de la agudeza visual después de recibir un tercer tatuaje en su brazo. Se realizó evaluación sistémica y de laboratorio para excluir agentes infecciosos o enfermedad inflamatoria. Una lesión amarillenta yuxtafoveal junto con disrupción de la retina externa de tipo placoide y defectos pigmentarios focales fueron evaluados con imágenes multimodales. DISCUSIÓN: Los oftalmólogos que tratan uveítis deben considerar esta asociación poco común y preguntar a sus pacientes acerca de tatuajes e inflamación de estos, dado el número creciente de sujetos con tatuajes artísticos


CLINICAL CASE: A young woman was referred to our offices with impairment of visual acuity after she received a third tattoo on her arm. Systemic medical and laboratory work-up were performed in order to exclude an infectious agent or inflammatory disease. A yellowish juxtafoveal lesion in left eye along with a plaque-like outer retinal disruption and focal pigmentary defects was assessed using multi-modal diagnostic imaging. DISCUSSION: Ophthalmologists treating uveitis should consider this uncommon association and question patients regarding tattoos and tattoo inflammation given the rise of subjects undergoing artistic tattooing


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Choroiditis/complications , Choroiditis/diagnostic imaging , Retinitis/diagnostic imaging , Tattooing/adverse effects , Retinitis/complications , Visual Acuity , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Angiography , Fluorescein/radiation effects , Diagnosis, Differential
3.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 73(1): 25-29, ene.-feb. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-162519

ABSTRACT

La UCIP del Hospital 12 de Octubre lleva en funcionamiento desde 1982, estando actualmente preparada para abarcar el cuidado de todos los pacientes pediátricos graves. Está integrada dentro del programa de atención al paciente pediátrico con cardiopatía, estando especializada en el manejo de dichos pacientes y siendo centro de referencia, incluyendo también un programa de oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea con amplia experiencia y pionero en la canulación y posterior transporte de pacientes en hospitales que carecen de esta técnica. La humanización y el cuidado centrado en la familia son dos pilares básicos que centran la actividad en esta Unidad, siendo la atención y el cuidado al final de la vida un tema que se ha investigado e implementado especialmente, así como los aspectos psicológicos en padres y profesionales. La Unidad es de puertas abiertas e incluye programas de atención especiales para el paciente crónico o de cuidados intermedios en épocas epidémicas asi como los proyectos existentes tanto a nivel pediátrico como en adultos para la erradicación de infección nosocomial. También se cuida especialmente la docencia pre y postgrado, participando en numerosos cursos y actividades especialmente en el campo de la reanimación cardiopulmonar pediátrica (RCP) (AU)


The PICU of the Hospital 12 de Octubre has been functioning since 1982, and is currently prepared to include care of all seriously ill pediatric patients. It is integrated into the care program for pediatric patient with heart disease, and is specialized in the treatment of said patients, and it is also a reference center. It also includes an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation program with wide experience and it is a pioneer in the cannulation and subsequent transportation of patients in hospitals lacking this technique. The humanization and care focused on the family are two basic cornerstones that the activity of this Unit focuses on, attention and care at the end of life being a subject that has been especially investigated and put into effect as well as the sychological aspects in parents and professionals. The Unit has an open door policy and includes special care programs for the chronic patient or intermediate cares in epidemic periods as well as the existing projects both on the pediatric level as well as the adult one For the eradication of nosocomial infection. Attention is also especially given to pre- and post-graduate teaching, participating in numerous courses and activities, especially in the field of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (PCR) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/organization & administration , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/standards , Heart Diseases/epidemiology , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/trends , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Humanization of Assistance , Hospice Care , Hospitals, Pediatric/organization & administration , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
4.
Angiología ; 67(2): 107-117, mar.-abr. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-133986

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La coordinación entre niveles asistenciales constituye un elemento esencial para incrementar la eficiencia del sistema sanitario; en este sentido, la enfermedad vascular ocupa un lugar destacado por incluir entidades frecuentes, graves y vulnerables. Debido a la alta prevalencia de la enfermedad, hay actualmente un número desproporcionado de pacientes, que son derivados desde Atención Primaria (AP) a Especializada (AE), con el diagnóstico de sospecha de insuficiencia venosa crónica de miembros inferiores y que realmente no se confirma este diagnóstico. Lo cual lleva a colapsar las consultas de AE, retrasar el diagnóstico, pérdidas de días laborables y todas las repercusiones sanitarias, sociales y económicas. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la realidad de esta patología en el distrito sanitario Huelva Costa. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Para ello realizamos estudio descriptivo de los pacientes pertenecientes a esta área que acuden a médico de AP para consultar sobre patología venosa. Igualmente realizamos estudio descriptivo mediante encuestas, para conocer el grado de conocimiento sobre dicha patología del médico de AP, así como sobre la necesidad de realización de cursos de formación continuada, o bien, analizar si estos cursos transmiten las competencias necesarias a los profesionales para realizar una buena práctica diaria frente a esta entidad clínica. RESULTADOS: Los primeros datos obtenidos muestran que solo se deriva desde AP con acierto en un 42,4% de los casos. Existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la certeza diagnóstica y síntomas como la cercanía a fuente de calor, antecedentes familiares de varices (AFV), pesadez de piernas, venas gruesas en MMII, hinchazón de piernas al final del día y el sexo femenino. CONCLUSIONES: Parece inadecuado el elevado número de paciente derivados desde la AP a la AE bajo la sospecha de IVC en los que no se confirma el diagnóstico


INTRODUCTION: The coordination between levels of care is an essential element to increase the efficiency of the health system. Vascular diseases, in particular would benefit from this due to its frequency, severity and vulnerability. Owing to the high prevalence of the disease, there is currently a disproportionate number of patients being referred from Primary Care (AP) to Specialist Units (AE), with a suspected diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs (IVC MMII) without really having this diagnosis confirmed. This leads to collapse in AE consultations, diagnostic delay, lost workdays, as well as all the public health, social and economic repercussions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the reality of this disease in the Huelva Costa Health District. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted on a population of Huelva Coast Area Health seen by a Primary Care doctor to consult on lower limb venous pathology. The study also included a questionnaire to determine the level of knowledge about this disease of the Primary Care physician, as well as the need for conducting continuing education courses and analyse whether these courses provide professionals with the necessary skills for a good daily practice against this clinical condition. RESULTS: The first data obtained show that only 42.4% of cases referred from Primary Care had a correct diagnosis. There is a statistically significant association between diagnostic accuracy and risk factors/symptoms, such as nearby heat source, a family history of varicose veins, heavy legs, thick veins in the lower limbs, swelling of the legs at the end of the day, and being female. CONCLUSION: There appears to be an inappropriately high number of patients referred from Primary Care to Specialists due to suspicion of IVC, in which the diagnosis is not confirmed


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Venous Insufficiency/diagnosis , Lower Extremity/blood supply , Ultrasonography, Doppler , Primary Health Care , Epidemiological Monitoring/trends , Physicians, Primary Care , Professional Training , Spain/epidemiology
7.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 66(6): 288-291, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68115

ABSTRACT

La prevalencia de desnutrición entre los niños ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) se sitúa en alrededor del 15-20%, pese a que se sabe que puede aumentarla morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Analizar el soporte nutricional de los niños ingresados en una UCIP. Valorar la adecuación de los aportes recibidos a los requerimientos y los motivos de la falta de cumplimiento. Material y métodos: De los 238 pacientes ingresados durante un periodo de 6 meses, se recogieron los siguientes datos de 40 pacientes que permanecieron ingresados más de48 horas: filiación, antropometría, características del soporte nutricional y desviaciones sobre el plan de tratamiento. Los requerimientos energéticos se estimaron a partir de la ecuación de Schofield. Resultados: La edad media al ingreso fue de 10,5 ± 23,5 meses (rango: 3 días a 10 años). El 64% de los pacientes había sido intervenido de una cardiopatía congénita. La duración media del ingreso en la unidad fue de 22,6 ± 24,5 días (rango: 3-112). Cinco pacientes fallecieron durante el ingreso. Tipo de soporte nutricional:2 niños recibieron nutrición parenteral (NP) exclusiva; 6 NP + nutrición enteral continua (NEC); 16 NEC; 6 NEC + nutrición enteral intermitente(NEI); 3 NEC + alimentación oral; 3 NEI, y 3 otras combinaciones. El grupo tardó como media 2,17 ± 1,06 días en recibir soporte nutricional desde su admisión en la UCIP. El porcentaje de días de estancia durante los cuales los pacientes recibieron los requerimientos estimados varió entre el 16 y el 65%, en función del método de alimentación utilizado. Sólo un pequeño porcentaje (27,5%) de los pacientes recibió un aporte calórico adecuado durante todo el periodo de hospitalización en la unidad. Conclusiones: Sólo el 27,5% de los niños ingresados en la UCIP recibieron durante el ingreso los aportes estimados. La nutrición enteral, sola o en combinación con otros métodos de alimentación, es la forma de soporte nutricional más empleada. Se precisan protocolos adecuados sobre el soporte nutricional en el paciente en las UCIP para conseguir durante su hospitalización un aporte nutricional óptimo (AU)


The prevalence of malnutrition among children admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) is around 15% to 20%, despite the fact that inadequate nutrition can increase morbidity and mortality. We designed this study to evaluate the nutritional support in a PICU and to determine the causes of in adequate nutritional provision over a 6-month period. Material and methods: The medical records of 40 patients (18 girls, 22 boys), randomly selected from the 238 admissions during the study period, were reviewed. The length of the stay was over 48 hours in every case. The following data were recorded: personal data, anthropometric data, type of nutritional support, time since admission to the PICU, adherence to requirements (Schofield equation) and causes of inadequate nutrient supply. Data are presented as the mean and standard deviation or as a percentage, as appropriate. Results: The mean age at admission was 10.5 ± 23.5 months (range: 3 days to 10 years). Sixty-four percent of the patients had been admitted after surgical treatment of a congenital heart defect. The mean length of stay in the PICU: 22.6 ± 24.5 days (range:3 to 112 days). Five patients died during the PICU stay. Type of nutritional support: 2 children received parenteral nutrition (PN) alone;6, PN plus continuous enteral feeding; 16, continuous drip alone; 6,continuous drip plus bolus feedings; 3, continuous drip plus oral feedings; 3, bolus feedings; and 3, other combinations. On average, NS started 2.17 ± 1.06 days after admission. The percentage of days on which the patients received the estimated requirements ranged between 16% and 65%, depending on the type of NS. Delivery of nutrients was below the prescribed load in 10%of cases. Only 27.5% of the patients received an adequate energy load throughout the entire stay. Conclusions: Only a small percentage of children admitted to the PICU received adequate nutritional support. Enteral nutrition, alone or in combination with other feeding methods, constitutes the most widely employed feeding technique in the PICU. It is necessary to implement nutritional support algorithms in the PICU to improve these results (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Critical Care/trends , Critical Care , Protein Deficiency/complications , Child Nutrition Disorders/complications , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/diagnosis , Anthropometry/methods , Enteral Nutrition/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/diet therapy , Parenteral Nutrition/instrumentation , Prospective Studies
8.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 82(11): 675-680, nov. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056804

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comprobar y cuantificar la posible variación de los valores de presión intraocular (PIO) en sujetos sanos, entre la mañana y la tarde. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal realizado en un Centro de Salud entre los consultantes habituales de una consulta de medicina general. Se realizaron dos tomas de presión intraocular el mismo día (la primera entre las 8 y las 9 horas y la segunda entre las 17 y las 18 horas) utilizando un tonómetro de aplanación tipo Perkins. Los sujetos (119 mujeres y 101 hombres, edad media de 46,3 años con un rango entre 14 y 83) estaban distribuidos proporcionalmente en cuatro grupos de edad (14-24, 25-44, 45-64 y >65 años). Resultados: Los valores medios de PIO fueron: Ojo derecho en la mañana y en la tarde 13,29 y 11,81 (p<0,001) respectivamente y Ojo izquierdo en la mañana y en la tarde 13,48 y 12,04 (p<0,001). La PIO fue significativamente mayor en hombres que en mujeres, teniendo una correlación muy débil con la edad. Conclusiones: Constatamos una diferencia en los valores de PIO entre la mañana y la tarde, de aproximadamente 1,5 mmHg. El momento del día en que se determina la PIO debería contemplarse como una variable más en los estudios de hipertensión ocular y glaucoma que la determinan


Objective: To assess whether there are variations in the intraocular pressure (IOP) between the morning and afternoon in healthy subjects. Methods: This study was carried out in a Primary Care Health Center among usual patients of general practitioners. Two measurements of the intraocular pressure were assessed on the same day (between 8 and 9 a.m. and between 5 and 6 p.m.) using a Perkins applanation tonometer. The subjects (119 females and 101 males) had a mean age of 46.3 years, with ages ranging between 14 and 83 years. They were proportionally distributed among 4 age groups (14-24, 25-44, 45-64 and >65 years). Results: The IOP mean values were: right eye, morning time and afternoon, 13.29 and 11.81 mm Hg, respectively (p<0.001); left eye, morning time and afternoon, 13.48 and 12.04 mm Hg (p<0.001). The IOP was significantly higher in males than in females, and showed a weak association with age. Conclusions: We found a diurnal variation of IOP of approximately 1.5 mm Hg. The time of day when the IOP is measured needs to be considered as a variable in research in ocular hypertension and glaucoma


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Ocular Hypertension/complications , Ocular Hypertension/diagnosis , Glaucoma/complications , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Tonometry, Ocular/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ocular Hypertension/epidemiology , Ocular Hypertension/therapy , Tonometry, Ocular/instrumentation , Tonometry, Ocular/trends , Primary Health Care/trends , Primary Health Care
9.
Nutr. hosp ; 20(1): 46-51, ene.-feb. 2005. tab, graf
Article in En | IBECS | ID: ibc-038317

ABSTRACT

Parenteral nutrition (PN) has become a mainstay in the treatment of critically ill children, and in the management of extremely premature newborns. We analyse the changes in the profile of pediatric PN in our institution during the last decade. Method: The clinical record of all patients under 16 who received PN in 1994 and 2002 were reviewed. Epidemiological data as well as composition of the solutions were recorded. Student t test and Chi-square were used for comparisons as appropriate. p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: 194 patients received PN in 1994 (123 neonates and 71 children); 186 in 2002 (112 neonates and 74 children). The percentage of inpatients who received PN was 10.7% in 1994 vs 3.7% in 2002 in neonates; 1%in 1994 vs 1.3% in 2002, in infants and children. Gastrointestinal surgery in infants and children and extreme prematurity in newborns were the most frequent indication. All neonates received tailored PN solutions while it was standardised in almost 60% of children. Internal jugular vein in children and peripherally inserted central venous catheters in neonates were the most usual vascular access. Length of PN was 10 ± 8.7 days in 1994 vs 9.2 ± 8.2 in 2002 in neonates; 15.2 ± 14.8 days in 1994 vs 11.0 ± 14.9 in 2002 in infants and children 21% of the children presented at least one complication due to PN. Conclusions: There have been very few changes in the use as well as in the profile of the PN practise during the last decade. Gastrointestinal surgery and prematurity were the most frequent indications (AU)


La nutrición parenteral (NP) constituye un elemento fundamental en el tratamiento de los niños gravemente enfermos, así como en el cuidado de recién nacidos de muy bajo peso. Presentamos los resultados del uso de la NP en un hospital pediátrico terciario y su variación respecto a la práctica ocho años antes. Métodos: Revisamos las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes menores de 16 años que recibieron NP en el año 2002 y en el año 1994. Se recogieron datos epidemiológicos de cada paciente, así como la composición de las soluciones empleadas. Se utilizó la t de Student y el test de la Chi-cuadrado para las comparaciones oportunas. Un valor de p < 0,05 fue considerado significativo. Resultados: 186 pacientes recibieron NP en 2002 (112 neonatos y 74 niños) frente a 194 pacientes en 1994 (123 neonatos y 71 niños). El porcentaje de pacientes ingresados que recibieron NP fue del 3,7% de los neonatos en 2002 vs 10,7% en 1994; para los niños y adolescentes, 1,3% en 2002 vs 1,0% en 1994. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas sobre el aparato digestivo fueron la indicación más frecuente en niños, mientras que en recién nacidos lo fue la gran prematuridad. Todos los neonatos recibieron NP individualizadas mientras que la NP en niños fue estandarizada en casi el 60% de los casos. La vena yugular interna en los niños y los catéteres venosos centrales insertados por vía periférica en neonatos fueron los accesos venosos más empleados. La duración de la NP disminuyó ligeramente en 2002 frente a 1994 en los dos grupos de edad (9,2 ± 8,2 vs 10,0 ± 8,7 en neonatos y 11,0 ± 14,9 vs 15,2 ± 14,8 días en el resto de edades). Se presentaron complicaciones asociadas a la NP en el 21% de los niños fuera del periodo neonatal. Conclusiones: La cirugía del aparato digestivo y la prematuridad son las indicaciones más frecuentes para el uso de NP en nuestra población. Hemos observado poca variación en la práctica clínica sobre su uso en los dos años estudiados (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Parenteral Nutrition , Catheters, Indwelling , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Parenteral Nutrition/methods , Retrospective Studies
10.
Urol Oncol ; 5(4): 149-154, 2000 Jul 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10869956

ABSTRACT

The apoptosis-inducer Fas and the apoptosis-suppresser Bcl-2 are members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and Bcl-2 gene superfamilies, respectively. Bcl-2 is overexpressed in hormonally refractory prostate cancer. Fas is expressed in several prostatic carcinoma cell lines but its in vivo expression in normal prostate and in prostate cancer is poorly understood. Formalin-fixed tissue sections from 10 benign prostatic hyperplasias, 10 low-grade and 10 high-grade organ-confined prostate cancers, and 6 metastatic prostate cancers were evaluated for immunoreactivity with Fas and Bcl-2 monoclonal antibodies. In addition, Fas expression was quantitated by computerized cytometry. The results were compared by one-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni tests. In benign prostate samples, Bcl-2 and Fas were expressed on basal cells and secretory cells, respectively. Bcl-2 was not expressed in any organ-confined tumors and only in one of six metastatic tumors (17%). Fas was expressed in all organ-confined tumors and in two of six metastatic tumors (33%). Fas expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in prostate cancer (0.20 pg/cell) compared with benign prostate (0.79 pg/cell). The decrease was inversely related to the malignant grade of the tumors (0.30 pg/cell in low-grade tumors, 0.19 pg/cell in high-grade tumors, and 0.003 pg/cell in metastatic tumors). Based on these preliminary data, decreased expression of Fas appears to be an early molecular event in prostate cancer. The decline begins in low-grade tumors. The lowest expression occurs in metastatic carcinomas, which are often Fas negative. Overexpression of Bcl-2 appears to be a later and unrelated molecular event. Both abnormalities may be implicated in tumor progression by prolonging tumor cell survival.

11.
Cancer Control ; 6(6): 571-579, 1999 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10756388

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tumors arising from the renal tubular epithelium have variable characteristics and have been subject to a variety of histologic classifications. METHODS: The authors describe the distinct clinical, pathologic, phenotypic, and genotypic features of different types of renal tumors. RESULTS: The Mainz classification is now widely accepted because characteristic genetic alterations have been demonstrated in each tumor type. CONCLUSIONS: The increasing emphasis on utilizing genetic characteristics of specific tumors is reflected by the more widespread use of the Mainz classification for renal cell tumors.

12.
Cancer Control ; 6(6): 587-591, 1999 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10756390

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The ability to accurately predict tumor behavior and patient survival is a problem in managing patients with prostate cancer. Prognostic variables in predicting death from tumor include prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, histological grade, and clinical stage. Observer subjectivity is inherent in determining grade and stage; thus, criteria that are more objective are needed to identify patients for appropriate treatment. METHODS: The authors correlated flow cytometric nuclear DNA ploidy with Gleason score, PSA level, and recurrence risk in patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy between 1987 and 1993 for histopathologic stage B prostate cancer (T2, N0, M0). RESULTS: Of the tumors analyzed, 64% were DNA diploid with a low proliferative fraction, 25% were DNA diploid with a high proliferative fraction, and 11% were DNA aneuploid. DNA aneuploidy was associated with high Gleason grade (7-10). All Gleason grade 10 tumors were DNA aneuploid. Both DNA aneuploidy and high proliferative fraction (S+G2M) were statistically correlated with high Gleason grade and adverse prognosis but not with PSA level or patient age. CONCLUSIONS: A direct relationship is shown between both DNA aneuploidy and a high proliferation index with aggressive biological behavior in stage B prostatic cancer. Objective tumor criteria are needed to choose treatment more selectively for individual patients.

13.
Cancer Control ; 3(6): 552-556, 1996 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10764516
14.
Cancer Control ; 2(2): 149-154, 1995 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10887026
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