Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome: First Symptoms and Evolution of the Clinical Picture: Case-Control Study/Epidemiological Case-Control Study.

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic condition characterized by the appearance of symptoms caused by exposure to chemical compounds that are tolerable for the general population. It mainly affects middle-aged women. There are very few studies focusing on the most frequent symptoms of MCS considering age groups and gender. The main goal of this study was to find the most frequent symptoms both at the onset of the disease and at the present time describing them by age groups. The QEESI (Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory) questionnaire, Scale 3 which assesses symptoms and their severity, was used as a diagnostic tool for the disease. A case-control study was conducted with the participation of 210 people. Of the cases, 94.3% were women. The symptoms that most often manifested first were airway and mucous membrane alterations (68.9%). In the development of the disease, we found cognitive alterations (OR = 31.25), heart or chest problems (OR = 22.49), neuromuscular problems (OR = 20.00) and head-related symptomatology (OR = 19.29). Identifying the most frequent pattern of symptoms by age group and sex will allow an early diagnosis of the disease to improve its prognosis and treatment.

The impact of violence on women's health. The present as a reflection of the past: A qualitative study.

The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of violence on women's health and the feelings generated during the period of exposure to violence. This is a qualitative study with an interpretative phenomenological design in which 16 women participated-4 through interviews and 12 through stories. The data obtained were analyzed using the Colaizzi approach. The results were structured into 3 themes according to how the women interpreted their experiences. The themes were physical consequences: visible traces; psychological consequences: stormy days and sunny days; and social consequences: from loneliness to a new world. In conclusion, the women in this study considered all those (very diverse) physical pathologies to be important. They encompassed a series of psychological disorders that lasted over time, causing considerable suffering and complicating the participants' ability to relate to the rest of society, especially men. Similarly, the participants identified a series of positive consequences when they left the traumatic situation empowered after overcoming gender-based violence.

Incidence of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers in patients with "minimal risk" according to the "Norton-MI" scale.

INTRODUCTION: Pressure ulcers (PUs) nowadays are a major health problem in society, associated with increased morbidity and increased health care costs. The incidence of HAPU is an indicator of health care quality. OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of patients with minimal risk on the Norton-MI scale who developed PUs during hospitalization, and to identify the incidence of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU). METHODS: Retrospective cohort study conducted between 2014 and 2017. STUDY POPULATION: Patients over 18 years of age classified as "minimum risk" according to Norton-MI, admitted to acute hospital units of the Severo Ochoa University Hospital-Madrid-Spain. Patients were classified as patients with hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (PWHAPU) if they developed one or more new PU during their hospitalization. VARIABLES: Sociodemographic variables, hospitalization units, Morton-MI score and characteristics of the risk factors of HAPU were studied. RESULTS: The risk of PU was evaluated in 5530 patients, being 1260 patients classified as "minimum risk", with a median of 16 points in the Norton-MI scale. The average age was 76 years old and 52.5% were women. Principal causes of admission: traumatological pathologies (20.8%) and cardiovascular pathologies (20%). 129 HAPU were diagnosed in 112 patients, implying an incidence of HAPU of 8.89% (CI95%: 7.44-10.59). 106 PWHAPU (94.6%) presented up to 6 risk factors. The excess pressure and altered skin sensibility were identified as statistically significant risk factors as predictive factors of HAPU. In terms of severity, 55% of the HAPU were category I and 42.6% were category II, mainly with anatomical sacro-coxygeal location. In 65.2% of the patients the HAPU appeared in the first week of hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In our study the incidence of HAPU in patients classified as minimum risk with Norton-MI scale was 8.89%. This elevated risk suggests for future investigations to develop new validity studies of the Norton-MI scale and to maintain a continuo training of professionals in the knowledge of PU risk assessment scales for their safe application in the patients, since it directs the practice of care in the prevention of PUs. It would be advisable to specially control the risk of PUs in care units, mainly in the first week of their hospital stay to minimize the HAPU incidence.

Impacto de la formación continuada de Enfermería en los recursos humanos en una institución sanitaria pública de la Comunidad de Madrid / Impact of continuing Nursing training on the human resources at a public health institution in the Autonomous Community of Madrid

Objetivo: conocer el coste directo en términos de recursos humanos dela formación continuada (FC) destinada a los profesionales de la división de Enfermería. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, entre el 1 de enero y el de 31 de diciembre de 2010, en el Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa de Leganés (Madrid). Se estudiaron ocho variables cuantitativas. Se elaboró un cuadro de mando en soporte informático para la recogida de datos y posterior análisis de los mismos. Resultados: realizaron actividades formativas 1.103 profesionales, de los cuales el 46,4% eran enfermeros, el 53,8% era personal estatutario fijo, el 35,0% tenía turno rotatorio mañana/noche y el 35,2% turno rotatorio tarde/noche. Se dedicaron un total de 16.133 horas a FC, el 71,6%de las cuales fueron de formación interna. En jornadas laborales de 1.533horas anuales hubieran sido necesarias diez jornadas anuales para hacer frente a las horas empleadas por este concepto, y de estas, entre cinco y seis jornadas para hacer frente a permisos retribuidos por FC. Conclusiones: el cuadro de mando de FC permitió conocer, gestionar y evaluar el impacto directo de la FC en los recursos humanos (AU)

Purpose: Ascertain the direct cost, in terms of human resources, of the continuing training (CT) offered for the Nursing division professionals Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted within the January 1-December 31, 2010 period at the Severo Ochoa University Hospitalin Leganés (Madrid). Eight quantitative variables were studied. A computerized scorecard was prepared for collecting and then processing data. Results: A total of 1,103 professionals took part in training activities,46.4% of whom were nurses, 53.8% being permanent statutory staff members, 35.0% working on a rotating morning/night shift and 35.2%on a rotating afternoon/night shift. They devoted a total of 16,133 hours to CT, 71.6% of which were internal training. On working schedules of1,533 hours/year, it would have taken ten workdays/year to total the number of the hours employed for this purpose, five to six workdays of which would have been for making provision for paid CT leave. Conclusions: The CT scorecard made it possible to ascertain, manage and evaluate the direct impact CT is having on the human resources (AU)

[Specific treatment of sacro-coccygeal ulcers]. / Tratamiento específico de las úlceras sacro-coxígeas.

The pathology of bedsores located in the sacro-coccygeal region continues to be present in hospital and health care institutions in spite of all the modern scientific advances. Bedsores constitute a serious problem, given their very high cost when they occur and their prevalent nature. Since the relative mortality rate of persons suffering bedsores is significantly higher than that of those who do not suffer them, a careful appraisal and preventive measures are fundamentally desired. Using local therapeutic alternatives based on cicatrisation in a humid medium with modern dressings, those authors proposed an open, prospective, multi-centric study which evaluates the efficiency as well as the behavior of a new hydropolymeric dressing in 3-D specifically designed for ulcerations located in the sacro-coccygeal area. The results indicate that the selected dressing proves to be very useful as a local treatment of sacrum bedsores and in use as a first degree level preventive measure in these areas. This study took under consideration the acceptance of this dressing on behalf of nursing professionals and subjective opinions from patients.

Tratamiento específico de las úlceras sacro-coxígeas / Specific treatment for sacro-coccygeal bedsoreseas

La patología de las úlceras por presión localizadas en la región sacro-coxígea sigue estando presente en las instituciones hospitalarias y comunitarias a pesar de todos los avances científicos modernos. Las UPP representan un gran problema, dado el elevadísimo coste de su incidencia y prevalencia. Ya que la mortalidad relativa de las personas con UPP es significativamente mayor que la de los pacientes que no las padecen, la valoración cuidadosa y las medidas preventivas se antojan fundamentales. Utilizando alternativas terapéuticas locales basadas en la cicatrización en medio ambiente húmedo con apósitos modernos, se plantea un estudio abierto, prospectivo, multicéntrico que evalúe tanto la eficacia como el comportamiento de un nuevo apósito hidropolimérico en 3-D, específicamente diseñado para las úlceras localizadas en el área sacro-coxígea. Los resultados apuntan que el apósito elegido resulta muy útil en el tratamiento local de las UPP sacras y actúa como primer nivel de prevención en estas localizaciones. Se ha tenido en cuenta la aceptación por parte de los profesionales y la opinión subjetiva del paciente. (AU)