ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The incidence of anal cancer has been increasing in the United States. Smoking is a well-established risk factor; however, the impact of smoking on disease re-currence and outcome has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to assess the association between anal cancer recurrence and cigarette smoking. AIM: To investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking status and anal cancer treatment outcome. METHODS: The cancer registry from a single, community hospital was screened for patients with anal cancer between 2010 and 2021. The following characteristics were gathered from the database: Age; sex; cigarette smoking history; American Joint Committee on Cancer Clinical Stage Group; response to therapy; recurrence; time to recurrence; mortality; time to death; and length of follow-up. Patients were divided into the following groups: Current smokers; former smokers; and never smokers. SPSSv25.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 95 patients from the database met the screening criteria. There were 37 never smokers, 22 former smokers, and 36 current smokers. There was no difference between groups in regards to race or sex. There was no difference in the American Joint Committee on Cancer Clinical Stage Group between groups. The former smokers were significantly older when compared to never smokers and current smokers (66.5 ± 13.17 vs 57.4 ± 7.82 vs 63.7 ± 13.80, P = 0.011). Former smokers and current smokers had a higher recurrence rate compared to never smokers (30.8% and 20.8% compared to zero, P = 0.009). There was not a significant difference in recurrence between former smokers and current smokers. There was no difference in the mortality, non-response rate, or time to death between the groups. CONCLUSION: Our data contributes evidence that cigarette smoking status is associated with increased recurrence for patients with anal cancer.
ABSTRACT
Groin infections in vascular surgery are common and compromise the goal of limb preservation. Strategies to prevent deep space infection (DSI) include incision orientation and muscle flaps. Literature evaluating prophylactic flaps preventing DSI is scarce. We aimed to compare prophylactic sartorius flaps to layered closure in preventing readmission for DSI, along with the effect of incision orientation. This was a retrospective study of vascular surgery patients at a single institution with femoral artery exposure from 2017-2021. Patients with active groin infections were excluded. Prophylactic sartorius flaps were compared to those with layered closure regarding 30-day hospital readmission for DSI. Oblique versus vertical incisions was compared regarding the primary outcome. Fifty-three patients received sartorius flaps, and 122 received layered closure. Seventy patients had oblique incisions, and 105 patients had vertical incisions. Sartorius flaps had a higher rate of previous groin surgery compared to layered closure (45.3% vs. 24.7%, p<0.01). Vertical incisions had a higher rate of previous groin surgery (38.1% vs. 20.0%, p<0.02), while oblique incisions had a higher rate of obesity (24.3% vs. 8.6%, p<0.01). There was a lower rate of DSI in sartorius flaps compared to layered closure (1.9% vs. 6.6%, p=2.80), although not statistically significant due to lack of power. There was no difference in DSI in the oblique versus vertical incisions (4.3% and 5.7%, p=0.760). Patients with prophylactic sartorius flaps experienced fewer DSI, although further evaluation with increased sample size is required for adequate study power. We believe sartorius flaps are a simple solution to prevent groin complications.
ABSTRACT
To study whether a diagnosis of cancer affects the clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). A retrospective analysis was performed of all consecutive patients diagnosed with PE on a computed tomography scan from 2014 to 2016 at an urban tertiary-referral medical center. Baseline characteristics, treatment decisions, and mortality data were compared between study subjects with and without a known diagnosis of active cancer. There were 581 subjects, of which 187 (33.0%) had a diagnosis of cancer. On average, cancer subjects tended to be older (64.8 vs. 58.5 years, p < 0.01), had lower body mass index (BMI) (29.0 vs. 31.5 kg/m2, p = 0.01), and were less likely to be active smokers (9.2% vs. 21.1%, p < 0.01), as compared to non-cancer subjects. Cancer subjects were also less likely to present with chest pain (18.2% vs. 37.4%, p < 0.01), syncope (2.7% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.05), bilateral PEs (50% vs. 60%, p = 0.025), and evidence of right heart strain (48% vs. 58%, p = 0.024). There was no difference in-hospital length of stay (8.9 vs. 9.4 days, p = 0.61) or rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (31.9% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.75) between the two groups. Presence of cancer increased the risk of all-cause one-year mortality (adjusted HR 9.7, 95% CI 4.8-19.7, p < 0.01); however, it did not independently affect in-hospital mortality (adjusted HR 2.9, 95% CI 0.86-9.87, p = 0.086). Patients with malignancy generally presented with less severe PE. In addition, malignancy did not independently increase the risk of in-hospital mortality among PE patients.
