Fasting serum insulin in relation to fat distribution, serum lipid profile, and blood pressure in European women: the European Fat Distribution Study.

Samples of 38-year-old women were randomly selected from five European centers: Ede (The Netherlands), Warsaw (Poland), Gothenburg (Sweden), Verona (northern Italy), and Afragola (Naples-southern Italy). In total, 452 healthy women were studied. Anthropometric measurements were taken by one operator in each country after common training of all operators and blood parameters of all women were determined in one laboratory. Body mass index (BMI) was different among centers, mainly due to the higher values in southern Italy. Women from southern Europe had more central fat distribution than women from north European centers. Fasting serum insulin was higher in women from Poland and The Netherlands than in the other three centers. After adjustment for BMI, fasting insulin was significantly related to subscapular skinfold, subscapular to triceps skinfold ratio, waist circumference, and waist to thigh circumference ratio, although the partial correlations varied somewhat between the centers. In the pooled data, waist circumference showed the highest correlations with fasting serum insulin when adjusted for BMI. Fasting serum insulin showed significant partial correlations, adjusted for BMI, with lipid profile and blood pressure only in women from the two Italian centers. In the pooled data, fasting serum insulin was significantly positively correlated with serum triglycerides and total cholesterol and negatively to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and HDL/total cholesterol, independently of BMI and waist circumference. While blood pressure was not related to insulin in the pooled women, when adjusted for BMI and waist circumference; here as well, there were some differences in relationships between the centers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Nitrogen loss and urinary creatinine excretion during fasting in massive obesity.

Six (5 f, 1 m) massively obese, otherwise healthy subjects, were submitted for 4 weeks to a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD): 80 kcal, 335 kJ = 2.6 g N/day (17 g protein, 0 CHO and fat). Daily urinary creatinine excretion (UCE) and weekly nitrogen loss (NL) were determined during the whole period of treatment. Both NL and UCE decreased from the second week of treatment indicating a progressive sparing effect on lean body mass (LBM). A positive correlation (r = 0.991, P less than 0.001) was observed between mean daily UCE and NL, indicating that NL during prolonged fasting in obesity is possibly influenced by the lean body mass of the individual.