ABSTRACT
La invasión de tejidos humanos, animales vivos, muertos por larvas de distintos géneros de moscas se denomina miasis. Distintas especies de moscas pueden estar involucradas, una Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis. La miasis bucal fue descrita por primera vez en 1909 (Laurence); son pocos los casos documentados en la literatura biomédica. Se presenta una paciente con demencia senil, leucoplaquia en paladar duro, de la cual se toma biopsia: diagnóstico histopatológico y parasitológico: infestación por S. haemorrhoidalis. Descripción: paciente femenino 81 años de edad, antecedentes de helmintiasis no especificada diagnóstico de demencia senil, antecedente de salida de helmintos por cavidad bucal. Se toma muestra lesión en paladar duro. Histopatología reveló presencia de larva recubierta por banda eosinofílica refringente aspecto quitinoso con pared muscular, inmersa en fondo de detritus celulares y fragmentos de músculo esquelético. Desde el punto de vista parasitológico, de acuerdo a características morfológicas, la presencia de espinas quitinosas y fibras musculares correspondientes a larvas de moscas. En virtud de localización, y características antes descritas se sustenta etiología de Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis. Los casos de miasis bucal se reportan con mayor frecuencia en pacientes epilécticos con labios lacerados posterior a ataques convulsivos, en niños con alteraciones en labios, con hábitos de succión de dedos, pacientes con enfermedad periodontal avanzada, antecedentes de extracción dental, neoplasias mucosa bucal y enfermedades con predisposición a mantener la boca abierta. Sólo existen 3 casos de miasis palatina reportados. Con la resugencia de enfermedades tropicales, la miasis bucal debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones en cavidad bucal.
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Leukoplakia, Oral/ethnology , Leukoplakia, Oral/pathology , Myiasis/diagnosis , Myiasis/parasitology , Myiasis/pathology , Palate, Hard/injuries , Biopsy/methods , Helminths/parasitologyABSTRACT
Rabies in Venezuela has been important in last years, affecting dogs, cats, and human, among other animals, being a reportable disease. In Zulia state, it is considered a major public health concern. Recently, a considerable increase in the incidence of rabies has been occurring, involving many epidemiological but also ecoepidemiological and social factors. These factors are analyzed in this report. During 2002-2004, 416 rabies cases were recorded. Incidence has been increasingly significantly, affecting mainly dogs (88.94%). Given this epidemiology we associated ecoepidemiological and social factors with rabies incidence in the most affected state, Zulia. In this period 411 rabies cases were recorded. Zulia has varied environmental conditions. It is composed mostly of lowlands bordered in the west by mountain system and in the south by the Andes. The mean is temperature 27.8°C, and mean yearly rainfall is 750 mm. Climatologically, 2002 corresponded with El Niño (drought), middle 2003 evolved to a Neutral period, and 2004 corresponded to La Niña (rainy); this change may have affected many diseases, including rabies. Ecological analysis showed that most cases occurred in lowland area of the state and during rainy season (p<0.05). Additionally, there is an important social problem due to educational deficiencies in the native population. Many ethnic groups live un Zulia, many myths about rabies are in circulation, and the importance of the disease is not widely realized. The full scale of the rabies burden is unknown, owing to inadequate disease surveillance. Although there have been important advances in our knowledge and ability to diagnose and prevent it, enormous challenges remain in animal rabies control and provision of accessible-appropriate human prophylaxis worldwide. Human and animal surveillance including ecological and social factors is needed.
