ABSTRACT
Background: Statue determination has remained a basic requirement in determining human identity and ethnicity. Usually in situations when whole anatomical structures are unavailable, forensic expert would be expected to rely on smaller structures such as the phalanges, patella ribs and other fragmentary bones. Aim: The present study evaluates toe anthropometry and its usability as predictors of the stature of the Hausa ethnic group in Nigeria. Methods: Six hundred and sixty four (664) subjects comprising of equal percentage of adult males and females were included in the study group. Toe lengths of both feet (coded as big toe or first toe [1T] to the fifth toes [5T]) were measured using a digital Vernier calliper with accuracy of 0.01mm while stature was taken using a stadiometer with accuracy of 0.1m. SPSS (IBM®) t-test was to evaluate gender difference in the measured dimensions; while SPSS and XLSTAT (2015) Automatic & Generalized Linear Modelling were used to determine the predictability of stature from the toe lengths. The significance level was set at 95% as P ⤠0.05 was considered significant. Results: The automatic (multiple) regression analysis showed that the males displayed significantly higher mean values than the females for all measured parameters (P<0.001). The general population regression formulae were derived and only three (3) variables (R2T, R5T and L3T) significant contributors to the models for stature prediction for the general Gp (R2=0.385, F[3, 660]=137.68, P<0.001) and female F (R2=0.137, F[3, 328]=17.367, P<0.001) population, while only the L.1T could predict male M stature (R2=0.139, F[1, 330] = 54.489, P<0.001). Single regression gender-specific formulae were derived for the measurements that provided significant R2 values. Conclusion: This study suggested that estimation of a stature of Hausa ethnic group could be made possible by using specific toe measurements. However, lengths of toe may not be so reliable in the estimation of stature, but could be used for sex discrimination in forensic investigation
Subject(s)
Nigeria , ToesABSTRACT
Background. Palatal rugae pattern of an individual is species specific and is said to be as unique as finger print. Aims and Objectives. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the rugae pattern of Igbo and Ikwerre populations in Nigeria for human identification purposes. Materials and Methods. The present study was conducted from random sampling of University of Port Harcourt students. A total number of 140 subjects (70 Igbos and 70 Ikwerres) of age bracket of 18-30 were used. Results. The different shapes of rugae were obviously observed with varying degrees of predominance among the two tribes. The most predominant patterns are wavy and curvy followed by straight. The Igbos were predominantly wavy while the Ikwerres were predominantly of curve and straight patterns. The Igbo males and females had more wavy pattern with percentage values of 51.6% and 59.9% which is significantly higher in proportion (P < 0.05) as compared to the Ikwerre males and females with percentage values of 35.6% and 40.6%. On the other hand, Ikwerre males and females proved to be curve dominant with percentage values of 45.2% and 34.4% and this showed significant difference in proportion (P < 0.05) as compared to the Igbo males and females with percentage curve values of 27.9% and 26.1%. Conclusion. The result obtained from this study is clear evidence of ethnic differences in relation to sex; hence the incidence of predominance is population dependent.
ABSTRACT
Background. Determination of sex is an important concern to the forensic anthropologists as it is critical for individual identification. This study has investigated the existence of sexual dimorphism in the dimensions and the area of the IOA triangle. Methods. A total of 100 adult dry skulls, (78 males; 22 females) from departments of anatomy in Nigerian universities were used for this study. Automatic digital calliper was used for the measurement. Coefficient of variation, correlation, linear regression, percentiles, and sexual dimorphism ratio were computed from the IOA triangle measurements. The IOA triangle area was compared between sexes. Results. The male parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than female parameters. The left opistocranium-asterion length was 71.09 ± 0.56 and 61.68 ± 3.35 mm and the right opistocranium-asterion length was 69.73 ± 0.49 and 60.92 ± 2.10 mm for male and female, respectively. A total area of IOA triangle of 1938.88 mm(2) and 1305.68 mm(2) for male and female, respectively, was calculated. The left IOA indices were 46.42% and 37.40% in males and females, respectively, while the right IOA indices for males and females were 47.19% and 38.87%, respectively. Conclusion. The anthropometry of inion-opistocranium-asterion IOA triangle can be a guide in gender determination of unknown individuals.
ABSTRACT
There is a growing concern about the decline in the quality of human sperm in recent years. Following reports by previous studies on the toxic effects of metronidazole on testicular functions, this study is designed to investigate further its direct effects on fertility potentials and that of the introduction of vitamin E and testosterone to metronidazole treated rats. A total of 105 adult male and 50 female Wistar rats weighing 170 +/- 10 g (70-90 day old) were used for the experiment. The rats were randomly divided into a control and experimental groups. There were four major groups with 5 subgroups consisting of 5 rats each. Varying doses of metronidazole were used depending on the experiment. Experiment 1; animals were fed with 15 mg kg(-1) of metronidazole, experiment 2, fed with 30 mg kg(-1) of metronidazole, experiment 3, administered with 200 mg kg(-1) of metronidazole and experiment 4, fed with 400 mg kg(-1) of metronidazole. Each experimental group has 5 sub-groups. A: control, B: group fed with the experimental dose, C: experimental dose with vitamin E, D: experimental dose with testosterone, E: fed with experimental dose, vitamin E and testosterone and sub-group F, a reversal group which was left for 8 weeks after cessation of treatment. Parameters assessed were sperm count/motility, hormonal assay, Fertility test for control and treated rats were also carried out. Results showed that metronidazole at the therapeutic dose of 15 mg kg(-1) did not have significant negative effect on the parameters assessed. At the dose of 200 and 400 mg kg(-1), there was reduction in testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone while on the other hand, luteinizing hormone was increased mostly with 400 mg kg(-1) of metronidazole treatment. Body weight was also found to be significantly reduced in rats treated with 200 and 400 mg kg(-1) of metronidazole. The results of this study indicate that metronidazole administration (200 or 400 mg kg(-1)), for 8 weeks, caused a harmful effect on fertility potentials in male rats.
Subject(s)
Fertility/drug effects , Metronidazole/pharmacology , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
We have measured the longitudinal, transverse diameters of optic canal, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, to serve as a handy guideline to surgeons, to enhance the accuracy of sexing the cranium for anthropometric/medico-legal studies and for comparative analyses of values of the Nigerian population with those of the Caucasians. A total of 100 adult dry skulls 81 male, 19 female from departments of Anatomy of some Nigerian Universities were used. Automatic vernier caliper with a precision of 0.1mm was used. Data analysis was performed with Graph Pad Prism 3.0. A comparison was made of the means of the dimension using Student's T-test and analysis of variance. Sizes of foramina were not significantly different from that of Caucasians Our results show significant sexual dimorphism in the following parameters, the right transverse diameter of the FR in males was found to be significantly different from the females at p<0.05, there was a significant difference between the means of the left and right sides of the foramen ovale. The distance between right ovale and spinosum in males and females was found to be significantly different in both sexes. The effect of side on longitudinal diameter of foramen ovale FO of males showed a significant difference between the means of the left and right sides of the foramen ovale. A comparism of the distance between left optical canal and foramen rotundum showed a significant difference between the values obtained for males and the females at p< 0.05.
Hemos medido el diámetro longitudinal y transversal del canal óptico, agujero redondo, el agujero oval, agujero espinoso, para que sirva como una guía útil para los cirujanos, para mejorar la exactitud de la determinación del sexo del cráneo para estudios antropométricos y médico-legales y para realizar análisis comparativos de valores de la población de Nigeria con los de la raza blanca. Fueron utilizados 100 cráneos adultos secos 81 cráneos masculinos, 19 femeninos de los departamentos de Anatomía de algunas Universidades de Nigeri. Se utilizó un calibrador vernier automático con una precisión de 0,1 mm. Los datos fueron analizados con el gráfico Pad Prism 3.0. Se realizó una comparación de los medios de la dimensión utilizando T de Student y el análisis de la varianza. Los tamaños de los agujeros no fueron significativamente diferentes de la de los caucásicos. Nuestros resultados muestran dimorfismo sexual significativo en los siguientes parámetros, el diámetro transversal del derecho de FR en los hombres resultó ser significativamente diferentes de las hembras con una p <0,05, hubo una diferencia significativa entre las medias de los lados izquierdo y derecho del foramen oval. La distancia entre la derecha y oval espinoso en hombres y mujeres resultó ser significativamente diferente en ambos sexos. El efecto de lado en el diámetro longitudinal del foramen oval DE de los hombres mostraron una diferencia significativa entre las medias de los lados izquierdo y derecho del foramen oval. Una comparación de la distancia entre el canal izquierdo y agujero redondo óptica mostró una diferencia significativa entre los valores obtenidos para los machos y las hembras de p <0,05.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Cephalometry , Cranial Fossa, Middle/anatomy & histology , Sex Characteristics , Sex Determination by Skeleton/methods , Forensic Anthropology , Cranial Fossa, Middle/ultrastructure , NigeriaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Scoliosis has obscure aetiopathogenesis and is underreported in our environment. OBJECTIVE: To examine the pattern, magnitude, direction and extent of rotation of 42 structural curves in scoliotic patients. METHODS: Plain radiographs of the spine in patients with scoliotic deformities were randomly selected from the film libraries of four Nigerian tertiary institutions.These were then assessed radiologically for the indices above, including the use of Cobbs method and the pedicle technique of Moe. RESULTS: In all, 14 thoracic and 28 thoracolumbar curves were evaluated. A double curve was identified in only one patient. Average age (range) of affected males was 31 (3-78) years and for females (n=25), it was 19.4 (3-40) years. Mean Cobb angle was 23.6 degrees (10 degrees-70 degrees) in males and 40.1 degrees (10 degrees-89 degrees) in females. In 29 (69%) of curves, angle magnitude was d" 30 degrees. Direction of spinal curvature was right convexity in 33 (78.6%) of evaluated curves while most curves 35 (84.4%) exhibited +1 vertebral rotation. CONCLUSION: Females present earlier than the males with a higher Cobb angles. Progression of curves appears to be a higher challenge in females. There is need for scoliosis surveillance programme for early diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Lumbar Vertebrae/physiopathology , Scoliosis/physiopathology , Thoracic Vertebrae/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Progression , Female , Health Status Indicators , Humans , Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Nigeria , Population Surveillance , Radiography , Risk Factors , Scoliosis/diagnosis , Scoliosis/diagnostic imaging , Scoliosis/etiology , Sex Factors , Thoracic Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Published reports of haemorheological values of umbilical cord blood in Nigerian newborns are relatively scanty. The present study therefore aimed to determine the values of some basic haemorheological parameters in the umbilical cord blood of Nigerian neonates and in the venous blood of their respective mothers. The study also aimed to determine if any significant differences or correlations exist in these haemorheological parameters between maternal and umbilical cord blood. DESIGN: Cross sectional prospective study involving 60 subjects consisting of 30 newborn neonates and their respective mothers. METHODS: The values of haematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, whole blood relative viscosity, relative plasma viscosity, fibrinogen concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were determined in the umbilical cord blood of Nigeria neonates and in the respective mothers at the time of birth. RESULTS: Significantly higher values of haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, whole blood relative viscosity and relative plasma viscosity and significantly lower values of erythrocyte sedimentation rates were found in umbilical cord blood compared to maternal blood (p < 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found only in the values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, whole blood relative viscosity and relative plasma viscosity between maternal and umbilical cord blood (p < 0.05). Both mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration showed a negative but non-significant correlation between maternal and umbilical cord blood (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study reports values of basic haemorheological parameters in maternal and umbilical cord blood of newborn Nigerian neonates and reports significant differences and correlations in these parameters between the two groups. This we hope would provide information on umbilical cord haemorheology for Nigerian neonatologist since up to the present time similar studies have been scanty.
Subject(s)
Black People , Fetal Blood/physiology , Postpartum Period/blood , Blood Viscosity/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Fibrinogen/metabolism , Hematologic Tests , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Hemorheology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Nigeria , Postpartum Period/ethnology , Pregnancy , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Background: Published reports of haemorheological values of umbilical cord blood in Nigerian newborns are relatively scanty. The present study therefore aimed to determine the values of some basic haemorheological parameters in the umbilical cord blood of Nigerian neonates and in the venous blood of their respective mothers. The study also aimed to determine if any significant differences or correlations exist in these haemorheological parameters between maternal and umbilical cord blood. Design: Cross sectional prospective study involving 60 subjects consisting of 30 newborn neonates and their respective mothers. Methods: The values of haematocrit; erythrocyte sedimentation rate; haemoglobin concentration; red blood cell count; white blood cell count; whole blood relative viscosity; relative plasma viscosity; fibrinogen concentration; mean corpuscular volume; mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were determined in the umbilical cord blood of Nigeria neonates and in the respective mothers at the time of birth. Results: Significantly higher values of haematocrit; haemoglobin concentration; red blood cell count; whole blood relative viscosity and relative plasma viscosity and significantly lower values of erythrocyte sedimentation rates were found in umbilical cord blood compared to maternal blood (p0.05). Significant positive correlations were found only in the values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); haemoglobin concentration; white blood cell count; whole blood relative viscosity and relative plasma viscosity between maternal and umbilical cord blood (p0.05). Both mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration showed a negative but non-significant correlation between maternal and umbilical cord blood (p0.05). Conclusion: The present study reports values of basic haemorheological parameters in maternal and umbilical cord blood of newborn Nigerian neonates and reports significant differences and correlations in these parameters between the two groups. This we hope would provide information on umbilical cord haemorheology for Nigerian neonatologist since up to the present time similar studies have been scanty
Subject(s)
Hematology , Hemorheology , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Umbilical CordABSTRACT
Background: Published reports of the basic haematological parameters of apparently healthy subjects in Port Harcourt; Nigeria are relatively scanty. This has resulted in an apparent unavailability of laboratory reference values for haematological parameters for the population. Aim: To determine the reference values of some basic haematological parameters in apparently healthy adult subjects in Port Harcourt; Nigeria. Methods: Two hundred and fifty apparently healthy adults consisting of 150 males and 100 females; aged between 15 and 55 years; residing in Port Harcourt were randomly selected via a cross sectional prospective study. The following haematological parameters were determined by the indicated methods: haematocrit (Hct) was determined using Hawksley micro-capillary centrifugation; haemoglobin concentration (Hbc) was determined using the cyanmethaemoglobin method; red blood cell count and white blood cell count were both determined manually using the improved Neubauer counting chamber; mean corpuscular volume (MCV); mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were calculated from the appropriate haematological parameters; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was determined using the Westergren method. Results: The reference values; modes and ranges of all haematological parameters determined are presented. The mean values of haematocrit; haemoglobin concentration; red blood cell count; white blood cell count; mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were found to be significantly higher in male subjects; while the mean values of mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and ESR were found to be significantly higher in female subjects (p 0.05). Conclusion: The present study reports reference values of basic haematological parameters for healthy adult residents of Port Harcourt; Nigeria. Significant gender variations possibly exist in the basic haematological parameters of the population under investigation
Subject(s)
Erythrocyte Indices , Hematology , HemoglobinsABSTRACT
Background: Half of persons living with HIV/AIDS are below 25 years and majority of the remaining are believed to have been infected in their youth. The impact of HIV on young people has continued to generate increasing global medical; social; economic; political and academic interests. Aim: This paper reviews the pattern of existing documentation on HIV/AIDS regarding young people in Nigeria in presentations on this subject at international meetings and conferences. Methods: The review relied on a bibliography of 364 presentations from 17 books of abstracts and several solicited submissions; spanning 18 years; collated; indexed and published by the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research and the National Action Committee on AIDS. A matrix was constructed to categorize and tally the abstracts by several technical themes against the characteristics of the young people; aged 10 to 24 years that they reported on. Results: Eighty-five (23.5) out of the 364 were articles on adolescent/youths; the 18-year period; giving a rate of 4.7 articles per year. Regarding the context; 67 (78.8) concerned adolescents/ youths of both sexes. About half (47 or 55.3) were conducted among schooling adolescents/youths; and 23 (27.1) involved out-of-school youths. Twenty-three (27.1) titles were socio-medical research exploring knowledge; attitude; behaviour and practice; while three (3.5) were studies of biomedical nature; involving serologic investigations. Reports of interventions accounted for over half (47 or 55.3) of the presentations; most of which were on HIV awareness and prevention programmes. Conclusion: A low rate of reports on HIV/AIDS specific to young people at international conferences was observed; which does not reflect the level of importance and impact of the infection on this group of individuals. Amongst them; socio-medical studies; and interventions featuring awareness and prevention among schooling youths predominate. Interventions involving testing; treatment and care; and bio-medical studies especially involving vulnerable non-schooling youths; remain a challenge that must be faced
Subject(s)
HIV , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Adolescent Behavior , Attitude , Congress , HIV InfectionsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of joint hypermobility syndrome among undergraduate students of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria using the Beighton's criteria. DESIGN: Cross- sectional prospective study of 550 randomly selected undergraduate students. SETTING: Departments of Anatomy and Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The overall prevalence, and the male/female prevalence of joint hypermobility syndrome. RESULTS: Five hundred and fifty subjects (250 males and 300 females) were assessed. Seventy one (12.91%) subjects consisting of 20 (8.0%) males and 51 ( 17.0%) females, had features of joint hypermobility syndrome, suggesting a higher female prevalence. Knee joint, back and wrist joint pains, in descending order were found to be the commonest type of joint complaints. CONCLUSION: The study indicates that joint hypermobility syndrome is not rare in Nigerians and suggests that it should attract the attention of Nigerian medical practitioners.
Subject(s)
Joint Instability/epidemiology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Nigeria/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine changes in some haemorheological parameters: haematocrit (Hct), Whole Blood Relative Viscosity (WBRV), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Fibrinogen Concentration (FC) during the menstrual cycle. DESIGN: Cross-sectional prospective study. SUBJECTS: Three hundred and fifty randomly selected female undergraduate students of the University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. SETTING: Departments of Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Significant variation (p<0.05) were found in the values of all four haemorheological parameters assessed in the various phases of the menstrual cycle. RESULTS: Both haematocrit (Hct) and Whole Blood Relative Viscosity (WBRV) showed a similar trend, being highest in the ovulatory phase, followed by the luteal phase and follicular phase, and lowest in the menstrual phase. The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) however, showed a pattern opposite to both Hct and WBRV, being highest in the menstrual phase followed by the luteal phase, and the follicular phase, and lowest in the ovulatory phase. The Fibrinogen Concentration (FC) was highest in the menstrual phase, followed by the ovulatory phase, the luteal phase and was lowest in the follicular phase. CONCLUSION: The study shows that significant variation could occur in some haemorheological parameters during the phases of the normal menstrual cycle.
Subject(s)
Black People , Hemorheology , Menstrual Cycle/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Blood Pressure/physiology , Blood Sedimentation , Blood Viscosity/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Fibrinogen/metabolism , Hematocrit , Humans , Nigeria , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Students , UniversitiesABSTRACT
We have investigated and measured the Femoral Intercondylar Notch (ICN) width in Nigerians and found the mean to be 2.24cm (22.4mm). The Intercondylar Notch (ICN) width ranged from 1.18cm (18.1mm) to 2.80cm (28.0mm). The mean value for the left femur was found to be 2.21cm and 2.27cm for the right femur. It is suggested that the difference could be the result of dominant use of one foot over the other or to occupational habit. This needs further investigation. The Femoral Intercondylar Notch (ICN) width is not related to Femur length as no relationship was found to exist between the two (p > 0.05). We conclude that since stenosed notch individuals are at high risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries, the normal values of Intercondylar Notch (ICN) width that we have established may be utilized for practical and accurate screening of individuals who are predisposed to Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) ruptures and injuries.
Subject(s)
Anthropometry , Black People , Femur/anatomy & histology , Adult , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries , Anthropometry/instrumentation , Anthropometry/methods , Functional Laterality , Humans , Joint Instability/etiology , Joint Instability/prevention & control , Mass Screening/methods , Nigeria , Occupations , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
The authors studied the calcaneal angle in Nigerians and found it to range from 28 degrees to 38 degrees with a mean of 32.83 degrees (SD 2.84 degrees). The calcaneal angle in Nigerians is not significantly related to sex, age, or side of the body (left or right). Proper alignment of the calcaneus is essential for the maintenance of the arches of the foot, for standing erect, and for walking and running. Thus the calcaneal angle must be borne in mind whenever reconstructive surgery is performed.
Subject(s)
Black People , Calcaneus/anatomy & histology , Age Factors , Calcaneus/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Male , Nigeria , Radiography , Reference Values , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
The effect of acute and chronic administration of various doses of Melo's Conquer Mixture (MCM) on the histological appearance of the small and large intestine was investigated in albino Wistar rats. Obtained results show that at recommended therapeutic dose, MCM is able to evoke an acute inflammatory response, with infiltration of the mucosa and submucosa by neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils. In addition, there was submucosal lymphoid follicle hyperplasia and increased mucus secreting cells. The severity of these changes were dependent more on prolonged administration than dose. These findings suggest strongly that MCM is a potential toxic agent. We therefore recommend further chemical analysis to identify the possible toxic agent(s) in this mixture.
Subject(s)
Cathartics/adverse effects , Ileitis/chemically induced , Ileitis/pathology , Intestine, Large/drug effects , Intestine, Large/pathology , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Intestine, Small/pathology , Magnesium Sulfate/adverse effects , Rhamnus/adverse effects , Animals , Drug Combinations , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Female , Hyperplasia , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish the dermatoglyphic features of the Urhobos of southern Nigeria. DESIGN: Cross sectional study of randomly selected Urhobo subjects. SETTING: Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, southern Nigeria. MAIN OUTCOME: Plantar and digital pattern types were determined and Dankmeijer's (DI) and pattern intensity (PII) indices were calculated. RESULTS: Males showed greater pattern types than females except in loops and whorls of the digits, where females showed greater numbers than males. The pattern intensity index was higher in females than in males. What appears characteristic to this group however, was the presence of few whorl distribution in the small toe in female subjects which was absent in male subjects. CONCLUSION: This study thus provide normal dermatoglyphic features for the Urhobos of Southern Nigeria and also highlighted possible distinguishing dermtoglyphic difference between the Ibos and Urhobos of Southern Nigeria.
